Detailed Lesson Plan in Mathematics 8

School: The Lewis College Grade Level: Grade 8

Student teacher: Mark Eric J. Buen Learning Area: Mathematics
Teaching Date and Time: Grading Period: 2nd Quarter

I. OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, students will be able to:
1. Identify the difference of solving similar and dissimilar rational algebraic expressions;
2. Add or subtract rational expressions with a common denominator; and
3. Add or subtract rational expressions with different denominators.

II. CONTENT/SUBJECT MATTER:

Topic: Adding and Subtracting Rational Algebraic Expression
Learning Resources:
A. References New Integrated Approach in Math II
Intermediate Algebra, L. Fernandez & N.
Almanza, 2005, pp. 126-130
B. Materials Visual aids, whiteboard and whiteboard marker
C. Values Students must show respect, cooperation, and
integrity
III. PROCEDURES
Teacher’s Activity Learner’s Activity

A. Preliminary Prayer
Let us all stand for the prayer (They will stand and pray)

After the prayer

Please arrange your chairs, pick
up the piece/s of trash and put it in
the trash bin.
Once done, you can now take your
Students arranged their
seat.
chairs, pick up the pieces of
trash, and put it in the trash
bin, then seated.
Attendance
Say present when your name is
called.

Greeting Good morning Teacher!

Good morning, class!

We’re good, Teacher!

How are you all today?

B. Review Before we proceed to our lesson,

who wants to give a recap of your The lesson last meeting was
lesson last meeting? about multiplication and
division of rational
 algebraic expressions.

Very good!

How do we multiply the rational multiply the numerators

algebraic expression? with each other and the
denominators with each
other.
Very good!

How about division of rational multiply the first rational

expression? expression by the reciprocal
of the second rational
expression.
Very good!

C. Motivation
Do you still remember how to
add/subtract fraction? Yes, teacher!

We have two cases for adding

fractions, are you familiar with
similar and dissimilar fractions? Yes, teacher!

Okay, that’s good.

Now class I have here some

flashcards of fractions. All you
need to do is to
guest if it’s similar or dissimilar
fractions.

Are we clear! Similar

1. 5/9 + 2/3 5/3 + 2/3

2. 5/3 + 2/3 ¾-¼
3. 2/3- 1/5 11/5 – 8/5
4. ¾ - ¼ 3/7 – 1/7
5. ½ + 5/7
6. 11/5 – 8/5 Dissimilar
7. 5/11 - 3/5
8. 3/7 – 1/7 5/11 - 3/5
½ + 5/7
2/3- 1/5
5/9 + 2/3

Very Good!

A. Lesson Proper Today we’re going to discuss the

addition and subtraction of
rational algebraic expression.

We have two cases for adding and

subtracting rational algebraic
expression those are the similar or
dissimilar or rational with
common denominator and rational
with different denominator.
(Raising their hands)
Again when we say similar? Similar fractions have the
same denominator.

(Raising their hands)

What about the dissimilar Dissimilar fractions have
fraction? the different denominator.

Very good!

For adding and subtracting

rational expression with common
denominator.

Step 1: add/subtract the

numerators together.
Step 2: Put the sum or difference
found in step 1 over the common
denominator.
Step 3: Reduce to lowest term.

Rule:

a c
If + are rational
b b
a c a+c
expressions, then + = and
b b b
a c a−c
− = ;b≠0
b b b

For example
Just simply copy the
8 x−4 denominators and add the
+
x+5 x +5 numerators.

Since the denominator is the same,

what you will do?

Very good!

8 x−4
+
x+5 x +5
x+ 4
8+ x−4 x +5
x+ 5

Okay! What is now the answer?

Very good!

Next example
 5 y y−1
−
x+ 4 x +4
Subtract the numerators and
copy the denominators
What is the first step?

Very good!

5 y −( y −1)
x +4

Always remember class to use the

basic rule, enclose by parenthesis
the second numerator, because we
need to multiply their sign.

5 y −( y −1)
x +4
5 y − y +1
x+4
4 y +1
Then simplify the numerator x +4

What is the final answer?

None teacher!
Very good!

Any question? Clarification for

add/subtract the rational
expression with the same
denominators?

Okay! Let proceed for adding and

subtracting rational expressions
with different denominator?

The step for adding rational

expression are;

Step 1: Find the LCD

Step 2: Write equivalent fractions

using the LCD.

Step 3: Combine the rational

expressions.

Step 4: Reduce to lowest terms

First step finds the least
For example;
common denominator.
 2 3
−
y y −4

What is the first step?

Second step write the
equivalent fractions using
Very good! the LCD.

Our LCD is y(y-4)

Second step?

❑ − ❑
y ( y−4) y ( y−4 )

And for the third step we need to

combined the rational expression
and simplify.

2( y−4) 3y
−
y ( y−4) y ( y−4 )

2 y −8−3 y
y ( y−4 )

− y −8
y ( y−4)
No, teacher.
And for the last step reduce into
lowest terms.

Can we reduce or simplify

− y −8
y ( y−4)
Into a lowest term?

− y −8
Therefore is the final
y ( y−4)
Find the LCD
answer.
(x+3) (x+1)
Next example Write the equivalent
2 3
+ fraction/rational using LCD.
x+3 x+1
2 ( x+1 )
What is the first step? ¿+
( x +3)(x+1)¿
3( x +3)
( x +3)( x+1)

Second step?
Combined the rational
expression and simplify.

2 ( x +1 ) +3(x +3)
Third step? ¿
( x +3)(x +1) ¿
 2 x +2+3 x+ 9
¿
( x +3)(x+1)¿

5 x +11
( x +3)(x+1)

Simplify into a lowest term.

And the last step? No, teacher

5 x +11
Can we simplify into
( x +3)(x+1)
a lowest term?

5 x +11 None teacher.

Therefor is the final
( x +3)(x+1)
answer.

Any question? Clarification?

E. Generalization Class, what are the two cases for

add/subtract rational expression? Rational with the same
denominator and rational
with different denominator.

What are the steps for adding and Add/subtract the numerator
subtracting rational expression and copy the denominators
with the same denominator? and reduce or simplify if
needed.

First find the LCD

And for add/subtract the rational Second write the equivalent
with different denominator? fraction/rational using LCD
Third combined rational
expression and simplify
And last step reduced or
simplify into a lowest term.

F. Application
GROUPINGS
The class will divide into a three
groups and each group assign to
solve the rational algebraic
expression.

Group 1.
x 6
2
+ 2
x +9 x +20 x +7 x+ 12
 Group 2.

3 6
+
x+ 4 x−2

Group 3.

3 x−5 2
+
2
x −25 x +5

IV. Evaluation Direction:

A.) In a ½ sheet of paper, find

the sum and difference of
rational algebraic
expression.

7 1
1. +
3z 9z

2 3
2. +
y y−4

k 5
3. 2
+ 2
k +2 k−15 k +2 k −15

5 x−4 x−1
4. −
3 x+ 4 3 x +4

a−2 a+ 2
5. 2
− 2
a +2 a−3 a −5 a+ 4

Prepared by:

Mark Eric J. Buen

Teacher