Electronics Engineering Project Report Blood Pressure Monitoring System Electronics Engineering — ELEC 333 Instructors: Prof. Mohieddine Benammar Dr. Farid Touati Dr. Fadi JaberEng. Antonio JR. Gonzales Student Name 1: Abdulhadi Jaralla Al-Qahtani [email protected] Student Name 2: Ali Farhat Student Name 3: Omar HommosAcknowledgment: All thanks to Prof. Mohieddine Benammar, Dr. Farid Touati, Dr. Fadi Jaber and Eng. Antonio JR. Gonzales for their kind help and great teaching in both the lecture and lab, and their help in our learning path, step by step.Abstract: Blood pressure measurement is a very important assessment in clinical practice nowadays whether for outpatient visit, hospitalized patients, or even before most of medicinal procedures. ‘There are varieties of reasons to measure blood pressure such as approximate cardio vascular risk and determine risks before any medical procedures. Moreover, it can be used for a normal process as checking the ability for a person to participate in sport's activity. There are several methods to measure Blood Pressure, Oscillometry method is one of the noninvasive methods which had been followed by this project. The systolic and diastolic measurements are the main readings to be acquired by the designed monitoring system.Table of Contents Acknowledgment... Abstract: 1. Introduction: 5 A. PROJECT OBJECTIVES: 5 B, RELATED THEORY: 5 Il, Methodology: 7 A. SYSTEM OVERVIEW: wT B, BLOCK DIAGRAM & SYSTEM DESCRIPTION: 7 Ill, System Design 9 A. Tue DesiGnen Circur 9 B. DESIGN OF THE POWER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: 9 C. AUTOMATIC AIR PUMP SYSTEM: 9 D. _ PRESSURE SENSOR, SIGNAL FILTERING AND AMPLIFICATION: 9 E, DESIGN OF THE PCB: 10 F. DESIGN oF THE LABVIEW: ul IV. _ System Implementation and Results 13, ‘A. THE POWER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: 1B B. THE BAND Pass FILTER: 13 C. THE AMPLIFICATION STAGES 1 AND 2: 4 D. _ INTEGRATION OF THE STAGES AND PCB TEST: 4 E, _ CALIBRATING THE PRESSURE SENSOR AND MEASURING THE BLOOD PRESSURE:.. 14 F, _ TESTING THE BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING SYSTEM: 15 V. Budget: 16 VI. Conclusion: 7 VIL. Appendix: 18 APPENDIX A: BAND PASS FILTER DESIGN EQUATIONS— SECOND ORDER SALLEN- Key FILTER: 18 B, _APPENDIXB: THE AUTOMATIC AIR PUMP SYSTEM: 19 C. APPENDIX C: THE BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING SYSTEM — FINAL HARDWARE DESIGN: 20 VIIL. References: 21Table of Figures Figure 1: Blood Pressure Measurements Category. Figure 2: Auscultation Method for blood pressure measurement using a stethoscope. Figure 3: Model of oscillometric blood pressure measurement. Figure 4: air cuff pressure and oscillometric pulses amplitude Figure 5: System Block Diagram. Figure 6: Final project design.. Figure 7: The Designed second order Band pass Filter. Figure 8: Simulated bode plot of the Band pass Filter indicating the lower cutoff frequency - fH Figure 9: PCB layout of the circuit - Top View. Figure 10: PCB layout of the circult- Bottom View Figure 11: The Acquisition LabVIEW Program - First part of the Program Figure 12: The Processing LabVIEW Program - Second part of the Program Figure 13: Set-Reset (SR) function. Figure 14: Band pass Filter Bode plot indicating the Low pass filter. cut frequency AL Practical ‘Measurement Figure 15: Testing the high pass filter by an AC signal with f=0.2 He. Figure 16: The Output signals obtained from breadboard and PCB designed circuits. Figure 17: The Calibration Curve of the Pressure Sensor ~ PCB CircUit ero. Figure 18: The Blood Pressure Signals acquired by using the PCB, NI USB 6009 and NI LabVIEW. Figure 19: The Designed second order Band pass Filter. Figure 20: the Schematic diagram of the Motor Drive. Figure 21: The Blood pressure monitoring system - Final Hardware design. Table of Tables Table 1: Blood Pressure Measurements. Table 2: The required components and their costs. Table 3: Used Equipment... 16 16 7I. _ Introduction: A. PROJECT OBJECTIVES: ‘The main objective in this project is to design a convenient system that measures the blood pressure ofa person. The system should give acceptable measurements and inexpensive in terms of costat the same time. B. Re - BLOOD PRESSURE: ‘What is blood pressure? Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure that is present in the artery during the left ventricular contraction and dilation. In most cases, BP is measured from the radial artery of the wrist. Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure are obtained by using a sphygmomanometer. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) is the blood force acting on the arterial wall as the left ventricle contracts, and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) is the blood force acting on the arterial as the left ventricle dilates. The difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressures is called pulse pressure. The blood pressure is routinely measured because high and low blood pressure has no distinguished symptoms. The high blood pressure might cause heart damage (heart attack and disease), stroke (caused as well by low blood pressure), kidney damage, vision loss and much more. In average, a systolic blood pressure of 120 mmHg and a diastolic blood pressure of 80 ‘mig indicates for the normal state of a person. If the blood pressure was in the range of 120 -139 for systolic or 80 - 89 for diastolic, it is considered to be in the Prehypertension region. Hypertension (Stage 1) region is when the systolic or diastolic blood pressure is higher than or equal to 140 mmig or 90mmHlg respectively. However, Hypertension (Stage 2) is defined when the systolic or diastolic blood pressure exceeds 160 mmHg or 100 mmHg respectively. Instead, if the blood pressure exceeded 180 or 110 for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, it is considered to be in the Hypertensive Crisis region where emergency care is required. This is clearly demonstrated by Figure 1. Therefore, measuring the systolic and diastolic blood pressure helps doctors to have a clear observation on the person health. rep THEORY Blood Pressure systolic Diastolic Category mm Hg (upper #) mm Hg (lower #) ee Pee) Figure 1: Blood Pressure Measurements Category= METHODS OF MEASUREMENTS: There are two methods to measure the blood pressure: direct and indirect methods. The direct blood pressure measurement requires surgery; where the indirect method is an attempt to measure intra-arterial pressures non-invasively. Although the accuracy of the direct method is higher than the indirect method, the indirect method is commonly used because of the difficulties of the direct method (since it requires surgery). Measuring the pressure from the blood vessels to an external device, which is called extra-vascular pressure sensor, through liquid-filled catheter is one of the direct methods used these days. However, it requires surgery. Since the blood pressure is measured routinely, the direct method will not be sufficient. Therefore the indirect methods will be discussed in more details and the monitoring system will follow on of the indirect methods. = AUSCULTATION METHOD: The method requires a stethoscope, an air cuff, a user pump and a manometer (pressure ‘mercury meter), Figure 2 shows the method for blood pressure measurement. In this method, an air cuff is wrapped around the upper arm of the person, a stethoscope is placed on the brachial artery, and the user pump is used to inflate the cuff above the subject's systolic blood pressure (blood will be stopped from flowing to the arm). Then, it will be deflated slowly (blood flow again to the arm). The mercury meter is used to read the cuff pressure. During deflation, some sounds will be heard (due to blood flow) by using the stethoscope which are called Korotkoff sounds. The first sound is used to indicate for the systolic blood pressure and the last sound indicates for the diastolic blood pressure. At those specific times the pressure indicated by the mercury meter is recorded. The disadvantage of this method is the difficulty to hear the sounds precisely. Thus, more practice is needed. The advantage is that the measurement is less affected by cardiovascular disease or human interference, so it’s able to provide a more accurate result. Figure 2: Auscultation Method for blood pressure measurement using a stethoscope. = OSCILLOMETRIC METHOD: ‘The method requires an air cuff, a user pump a pressure sensor and a designed electric circuit. Figure 3 shows the method for blood pressure measurement. In this method, an air cuff is wrapped around the upper arm of the person, the pressure sensor is connected to the cuff to measure its pressure. The user pump is used to inflate the cuff above the subject's systolic blood pressure, then it will be deflated in a specific way. During deflation, pressure waveform passes through the arterial vessel. The vessel volume pulse will be produced which alters the pressure of the air cuff. Thus, an oscillometric pulse is generated. The maximum peak of the oscillations corresponds to the mean arterial pressure. To find the systolic and diastolic blood pressure, the maximum peak amplitude is 6 1203‘multiplied by a two different ratios (these ratios are found by experiments to be 0.5~0.55 for the systolic and 0.75~0.85 for diastolic). Once these are used, the corresponding value for the cuff pressure will be used to determine the systolic and diastolic blood pressure. This is clearly demonstrated by Figure 4. To acquire the oscillation, a filter will be used to obtain two signals DC and AC (by filtering the DC). The main advantages of the oscillometric method is the ability of measuring the blood pressure even if the Korotkoff sound was poor. Its disadvantage is the vulnerability to cardiovascular disease and human interference which leads to a less accuracy. In addition, it is very sensitive to arm movements. But it's a convenient way to measure the blood pressure as it does not require complex electric circuit design and cause no harm to the person. Aire eliaion 1 Arras nodal 222 Jeu masa —» O56 i , S iw Il | i xh Figure 3: Model of oscillometric blood pressure measurement According to the hardware limitations, the Oscillometric method is the one that will be used to design the blood pressure monitoring system, Il. Methodology A. SYSTEM OVERVIEW. Figure 4: air cuff pressure and oscillometric pulses amplitude Based on the Oscillometric method of blood pressure measurement, which is explained above, the Monitoring system would have 3 basic sections: 1. The air cuff and pressure sensor: In this section. The pressure of the cuff will be increased to stop the blood from flowing, then the cuff will be deflated. Meanwhile the pressure will be monitored by using the pressure sensor. Notice that, the arm cuff will be automatically inflated and deflated 2- The Analog Signal Processing Circuits: The output from the pressure sensor will be amplified and filtered by the help of the operational amplifiers to obtain the AC and DC output signals. 3+ The Digital Acquisition System: This part will convert the analog signals to digital signals by the help of NI USB 6009 and NI LabVIEW. In addition, during this stage, the digital signals will be processed to obtain the required results automatically (the blood pressure measurements). Figure 5 represents the block diagram for the hardware system. Initially, the user will press the start button to start the operation. The PC ~ NI LabVIEW is connected to the DAQ NI USB 6009 Which triggers the aire pump motor to inflate the are cuff. After the inflation period (until the pressure reach 150 mmlg), the LabVIEW activates the solenoid viave to deflate the arm cuff,During inflation period. The pressure sensor detects all the pressure change produced by the pulse beats of the user. The pressure sensor outputs will be the input of the Amplifier Stage 1 then it will pass through the Band Pass filter then to the Amplifier Stage 2. The results of the readings will be displayed in the LabVIEW. tate | ne wor 1 ry wu36 000 ; Detate | amcur [of Presse otr Sara eo, oe Pd satno Vane Sana ‘ive Sareea Taocagnal mF oRaMiuse 600 SNILGRVER. Taputsgraro Fe trou seratton fe —| OnsgraltF DAG NI USB 6009 = ocour [¢__J vooiser [| Sandee || anpiter To acoupe fe} “9°? eae ai Figure 5: System Block Diagram ‘A. Automatic Pump system: ~The air cuff will be inflated to block flowing of blood to the arm of the person. Then, it will be deflated to obtain heart pulses that will be used to measure the blood pressure. - Air Pump Motor and Solenoid Valve: when the user click the start button, DAQ NI USB 6009 will send a signal to control the Motor and the Valve automatically. B. Analog Signal Processing: = Pressure Sensor: will be used to measure the pressure of the air cuff. - Amplification Stage 1: The output signal of the pressure sensor will be amplified. The output of this stage represent the DC Signal for the blood pressure measurement. During this stage, the signal will be amplified and converted to a single ended signal. ~ Band pass Filter (0.5 - 10 Hz): The amplified signal will be filtered using a band pass filter. - Amplification Stage 2: The Filtered signal will be amplified to obtain the required amplitude of the AC signal The DAQand PC (NI LabVIEW Program): The output signals from the electrical circuit are fed into a data acquisition board that is used to process the data by using a PC. The data will be processed by using the NI LabVIEW program to obtain the blood pressure measurement automatically,III. System Design: A, THE DesiGnen Circurr: ‘The final designed circuit for the project is shown in Figure 6. It can be noticed in Figure 6 that there are two stages in the circuit. The first stage is the power management system. The second stage includes the pressure sensor, signal filtering and amplification. Levenson] a5 ia if 1 ne Z| eg 4 Be) 2 a te a] Figure 6; Final project design B. DESIGN OF THE POWER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: ‘The power management system is shown in Figure 6 (NET_6 DC/DC converter) can be divided into two stages. The first stage supplies the circuit by +5V using NI USB 6009 (notice that the current provided by NI USB 6009 is sufficient to power the circuit). The second stage powers the circuit using DC/DC converter, which converts unipolar source voltage +5V to bipolar source voltage #15V using RB 0515 and this value should provide sufficient voltage to power the amplifiers. In addition, there is an external battery, shown in Appendix B, to power up the automatic air pump system, C. AUTOMATIC Aik PUMP SYSTE ‘The automatic air pump system is shown in Appendix B. It was used to inflate and deflate the arm cuff automatically and this was done using DFRduino Motor driver which based on H-bridge circuit. D. PRESSURE SENSOR, SIGNAL FILTERING AND AMPLIFICATION: ‘The Oscillometric method depends on the measurement that comes from pressure variation in the arm-cuff. The pressure in the arm cuff is measured using MPX2050GP pressure sensor. The output of this sensor goes as a differential input into amplification stage. In signal filtering and amplification stage there are two amplifiers and one filter, which are one instrumentation amplifier, one band pass filter, and one non-inverting amplifier. The band pass filter used is made by cascading two filters, a high pass and a low pass filters, with cut-off frequencies of 0.5 Hz and 10 Hz respectively. The differential output of the pressure sensor will be amplified and converted into a single- ended output by the instrumentation amplifier (AD620). The gain of the amplifier can be changed 9by adjusting only one resistor, which is Rg as shown in Figure 6. This might be done practically by using a potentiometer. For both amplification stages, it was designed to have a total gain of around 125 (to acquire an output signal of around 5 V). This value was used since the maximum output of the pressure sensor is typically around 40 mV (and the smallest output value will be 0 V). Therefore, the maximum output will be +5 V (and the minimum output will be 0 V). This is obtained in case that the pressure sensor was powered by 10 V (typical value). Hence, as a starting point, the gain of the two amplifiers were set to be V125. Note that this is just a starting value where in the Figure above, the final design is shown. Note that the NI USB 6009 will read analog inputs at maximum of #10V. Therefore, 5 V were selected to be the maximum output from the pressure sensor to avoid any saturation reading by the NI USB 6009 (where the amplification of the filters will be around 2.5), After this stage, the DC component will be acquired, and it will be filtered by the second order band pass filter to provide the oscillometric AC signal for the purpose of removing the high frequency noise and the DC component of the signal. For the design of the band pass filter which is shown in figure 7, the sallen-key topology was selected for the implementation of this filter. The reason behind this choice is that this topology is popular, inexpensive, and capable to exhibiting a Butterworth function response with a flat gain around the 2 Hz region (the maximum heart rate is around 120 beats per min ~ 2 Hz). In addition, the second order filter is capable to filter the signal, so no need to add more components to increase the order of the filter. Please note that all the calculation of this filter are shown in appendix A. Furthermore, the filter was simulated by using Multisim as shown in Figure 8. It was found that the band pass bandwidth of the filter is ~ 0.497- 10.265 Hz and the band pass gain was around 8 dB. Figure 7: The Designed second order Band pass Filter Figure 8: Simulated bode plot of the Band Pass Filter indicating the lower cutoff frequency fy After the filtering stage, the AC signal is amplified using a non-inverting amplifier configuration, which is realized by using an operational amplifier with three resistors to obtain a gain that would allow the cuff oscillations to be perceptible (distinguishable, visible, more evident, clearer). One of the resistors employed is a potentiometer to allow adjusting the gain of the signal. In addition, the LF412 op-amp is used since it has a low voltage drift and very high input impedance. E, DESIGN OF THE PCB: After finalizing the design, the schematic diagram was implemented in EagleCAD, which was then used to create the PCB layout. The autoroute feature was used to create and optimize the PCB 10layout from the designed schematic. The components holes must be drilled with a suitable drill whose diameter is carefully chosen to make sure that the component would fit. The words Top and Bottom were included in the layout of the circuit to easily distinguish the orientation of the PCB board. PCB top and bottom views are shown in Figures 9 and 10 respectively. Figure 10: PCB layout of the circuit - Bottom View Figure 9: PCB layout of the circuit - Top F, DESIGN OF BVIEW In order to find the measure the blood pressure from the measured signals, LabVIEW program was designed. The First part of the program was constructed to read the signals while implementing the test and save the readings, and to control the air pump automatically. However, the second part will be used just to find the measurements from the recorded signals using a MATLAB Script. The two programs are shown in Figures 12 and 13. is 8) Figure 11: The Acquisition LabVIEW Program - First part of the ProgramLo. aenenPeSinde ngessePS) Pt bse: Pactdcsroc as nde Figure 12: The Processing LabVIEW Program - Second part of the Program In the first part of the program, there are two stages were done; reading the input signal, filter it and save and display the readings, and the second stage is control the air pump. In the first stage, the input signals were filtered by using digital filters. The DC signal was filter by digital low pass filter (cutoff frequency of 0.2 Hz) and the AC signal was filtered by using a digital low pass (cutoff frequency of 10) filter. The calibration curve equation was used as well in the LabVIEW program to be able to display the required results. For the second stage, the user can control the air pump automatically using a SR latch function because it meant to have at most one of its inputs equal to ‘1’, as shown in figure 14, which will be the best choice to implemented. s fifo fa fans R Lif: [ia fotaiowes Figure 13: Set-Reset (SR) function. For the second part of the program, the MATLAB Script was used to calculate the systolic and diastolic automatically. 12|V. System Implementation and Results: ‘A. ‘THe POWER MANAGEMENT SySTEM: ‘As mentioned before in the system design section, that the circuit is powered by USB. The USB connection for the NI USB 6009 is used as a power connection and as an interface with the PC (NI USB 6009). The +5 V obtained from the USB connection was converted to #15 V by using DC/DC converters to power up the Operational Amplifiers used in the designed circuit as mentioned before. Also, there is an external battery 6V to power up the motor and the valve. B, THE BAND Pass TE The band pass filter that is shown in Figure 8 was constructed. To test it, a Bode Plot was obtained by the help of the NI Elvis board. The obtained bode plot for the designed band pass filter is shown in Figure 15. In the Figure 15, the cursors was used to show the cutoff frequency of the low pass filter which was found to be around 10.06 Hz (at Pass Band gain -34B). Note that the lowest frequency that could be measured by using the bode plot is 1 Hz. Therefore, the cutoff frequency of the high pass filter could not be tested practically by means of the bode plot. However, several AC signals with various frequencies that are lower than 0.5 Hz (lower than the cutoff frequency of the high pass filter) was used to test the filter. In Figure 14, an AC signal with a frequency of 0.2 Hz is shown. The Output signal was shifted in time and attenuated Due to the filters. A comparison between the simulated and practical values for the band pass cutoff frequency (low pass cutoff frequency) was done (by means of percentage difference) and the result was found to be 2.02%. Figure 14: Band pass Filter Bode plot indicating the Low Figure 15: Testing the high pass filter by an AC signal with pass filter cutoff frequency f,, - Practical Measurement fr0.2 Hz.C. THE AMPLIFICATION STAGES LAND 2: As mentioned before that the two amplifications stages were designed to have a gain of 125 to acquire a maximum output of 5 V. Remembering that this is obtained in case that the pressure sensor was powered by 10 V (typical value). However, due to power limitations for the power management system that was designed, the sensor was given a5 V supply. Subsequently, the output voltage of the sensor dropped to lower levels. Hence, the use of potentiometers became necessary to adjust the gain of the two stages while the output signal is monitored by an oscilloscope. After adjusting the gain, it was found that the gain of the first and second amplification stages to be 495 and 36 respectively. D. INTE ATION OF THE STAGES AND PCB TEST: As the previous stages were tested each on its own, then the stages were ready to be integrated and tested. An oscilloscope was used to display the DC and AC output signals. The DC signal was the output of the instrumentation amplifier (AD620) where the AC signal was obtained by the output of the Non-inverting amplifier (LF412). Note that the gain of the amplification stages was determined at this stage by using two potentiometers to select the required gain by observing the magnitude of the output signal. Figure 17-a shows a test of the integrated circuit where the pressure cuff was used to obtain a blood pressure measurement signal only. At this stage, the measurement was used to test and check the output signals of the circuit to be of the required amplitude. After testing and finalizing the design, the PCB was designed and fabricated. A test was performed by using the PCB and the result is shown in Figure 17-b. (a) Circuit designed on breadboard () PCB Circuit Figure 16: The Output signals obtained from breadboard and PCB designed circuits E, CALIBRATIN HE PRESSURE SENSOR AND MEASURING THE BLOOD PRI RE By this time the circuit was ready to measure the blood pressure by using NI LabVIEW. However, the calibration for the sensor is still required to get accurate readings of the blood pressure measurement. To do so, an air cuff, pressure gauge and a voltmeter was used. The pressure of the air cuff was increased and monitored by the pressure gauge. Moreover, the voltage reading of the voltmeter was recorded. A video was recorded to monitor the voltage and the pressure indicated by the pressure gauge. From the video, specific points were taken and a calibration curve was acquired. Subsequently, the equation that converts the voltage to pressure 14was obtained. This equation was used in the LabVIEW program to measure the blood pressure. The calibration curve is shown in Figure 18 (for the PCB circuit). Note that this was done for each designed circuit, the breadboard and PCB designed circuit. However, the calibration curve for the PCB designed circuit is shown below. (C Calibration Curve Figure 17: The Calibration Curve of the Pressure Sensor ~ PCB circuit F, TESTING THE BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING SYSTEM: After preparing the circuit and the LabVIEW program. The system was ready to be tested. A measurement was recorded in the LabVIEW program. Figure 19 shows the front panel of the LabVIEW program while recording a blood pressure signal and blood pressure measurements were calculated. OSCILLOMETRIC GRAPH ut Premre Systolic Diastolic ae 136.28 88.37 ‘ANALYZE | Anon nun? Figure 18: The Blood Pressure Signals acquired by using the PCB, NI USB 6009 and NI LabVIEW To test the uncertainty of the Blood Pressure Monitoring System, another devices were used. However, the uncertainty of this device was +3 mmHg, Therefore, they will be used just to determine the percentage difference for the measurements of our system with commercial monitor. ‘The obtained readings are shown in Table 1 with their corresponding percentage difference.Table 1: Blood Pressure Measurements. Meas. No. Built Commercial 1% Percentage Device Device Difference (Sys/Dia) (Sys/Dia) (Sys/Dia) 1 134/85 131/84 2.264/1.183 2 132/88 134/88 15/0 3 131/84 130/86 0.766/2.35 ‘As shown in Tablel, the percentage difference for the systolic and diastolic blood pressure ‘measurements is lower than 3% which reflect the accuracy of designed instrument. Although, this difference might be due to several reasons. One of them is the tightness of the wrapped air cuff around the arm. Since the pressure of the arm will be low during the time that the diastolic blood pressure is measured. Therefore the AC signal amplitude will be lower than its true value if the ait cuff was loose. Also, the commercial device measures the blood pressure from the wrist, while the designed system measures it from the upper arm. Furthermore, there is a difference between the two devices in the inflation speed, and as the duration of inflation gets longer, the device will read more peaks. Thi used in the two devices may be different. This also causes difference in the final results. To test the accuracy of the measurements, other higher quality devices can be used to get more measurements for better comparison. ference caused a difference in the final results. In addition, sensors and filters Vv. Budget: For the budget, the cost of the components used in the designed circuit were found based on Digikey website. Note that the passive components and wires were estimated. The prices are shown in Table 2. The used Equipment are shown in Table 3. = LIST OF COMPONENTS AND THEIR COST: ‘Table 2: The required components and their costs Component B Name (Component No. Quantity aad Operational Amplifier L412 1 30.505 Instrumentation pare ‘D620 1 $4.700 Passive Components and 7 7 a wires DC/DC converter RBOS15 1 $5.55 Pressure Sensor MPx2050GP 1 $122 Motor 370B} 1 $8.99 valve 9307Bx1 1 $6.99 DFRduino Motor Drive - 1 $12.69 Battery 1.5V . 4 $15 Total:~ $57 16+ Lisror EQuirment: Table 3: Used Equipment Name Quantity Comments as fi Used for fault detection and solving, and capturing, measurements. Function generator 1 ‘Testing the Filter NIELVIS Il 1 Creating the bode plot of the 2! order band pass NIUSB 6009 1 Used as a Data Acquisition System VI._Conclusion: In conclusion, the objectives of designing, implementing and operating an inexpensive noninvasive blood pressure monitoring system with acceptable results have been met. The used components to design the system were standard components which are easy to find in the labs and commercial market. In addition, the finalized design was printed and tested on a PCB board. The system measures the systolic and diastolic blood pressure safely. Furthermore, it uses an automated pump while inflating and deflating the arm cuff. Moreover, the LabVIEW program has an automated algorithm to calculate the blood pressure (systolic and diastolic). In the future, the LabVIEW program might be improved further by adding an automated algorithm to calculate mean arterial pressure (MAP) and Pulse rate. Furthermore, to improve the accuracy of the results a better connections should be used to prevent any air leakage which cause an error in the readings of the pressure sensor. 7VII. Appendix: A. APPENDIX A: BAND PASS FILTER DESIGN EQUATIONS SECOND ORDER Sai FILTER: ‘The bandwidth of the required bandpass filter should be 0.5 ~ 10 Hz. Hence; - For the high pass (fy = 0.5 Hz): By selecting the capacitor to be Cy = 6.8 uF. Afterwards, the resistors was calculated as shown. below and the resistor is selected to the nearest standard values: 1 Ru = Spey = NOB KA Ry = 47D Now, Ry = 2° 1.586 + Ry = 149.1 k= 150k K = 1.586 is the gain provided by the second order Sallen-Key Filter = 255.97 kd = 255 k® (180 + 75) kf - two physical resistors will be used. = For the low pass (f, = 10 Hz): ‘The relation between the low pass and high pass frequencies are f,, = 20 fy; therefore, a C= 7 = 034 uF = C, = 0.33 uF And R, = Ry = 47 kQ and the other resistors will have the same values. Hence, the final design for the filter will be as shown in Figure 19. au. Ree a iE cH sj ve eur me an ann yaACN Figure 19: The Designed second order Band pass Filter 18B. APPENDIX! ‘WE AUTOMATIC AIR PUMP SYSTEM: ‘The figure below shows the schematic of the motor drive: 7 1 S * r L z L = ———— Figure 20: the Schematic diagram of the Motor Drive. 19C. APPENDIX C: THE BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING SYSTEM — FINAL HARDWARE DEsiG' As shown in the Figure below, the final hardware of the blood pressure monitoring system without automatic air pump system. Figure 21: The Blood pressure monitoring system - Final Hardware design 20VIII. References: 1- Why Blood Pressure Matters. (2014, August 13). Retrieved June 3, 2015, from http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/HighBloodPressure/WhyBloodPressureMat ters/Why-Blood-Pressure-Matters UCM 002051 Articlejsp 2- Understanding Blood Pressure Readings. (2015, April 28). Retrieved June 3, 2015, from http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/HighBloodPressure/WhyBloodPressureMat ters/Why-Blood-Pressure-Matters UCM_002051_Articlejsp 3- Jahangir, E. (2013, May 22). Blood Pressure Assessment. Retrieved June 1, 2015, from http: //emedicine.medscape.com/article/1948157-overview 4 Auscultatory and oscillometric methods of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, advantages and limits: A technical point of view. (1996, June 1), Retrieved May 28, 2015, from http://www.ncbisnlm.nih.gov/pubmed /10226223 S- Qatar University. ELEC375 Biomedical Engineering Lab #3 Manual 2015. 6- Bensaali, F. ELEC261 Digital System Design Lecture#7 2013. Data sheets: 1- The LF412 Operational Amplifier: http://www ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/If412-n.pdf 2- The AD620 Operational Amplifier: http://www analog.com/media/en /technical-documentation /data-sheets/AD620.pdf, 3+ The MPX2050GP Pressure Sensor: http: / /cache freescale.com/files/sensors/doc/data sheet/MPX2050.pdf, 4+ The DC/DC converter ~ RB 0515: http://www alliedelec.com/images/products/datasheets/bm/RECOM/70052016.pdf 5- NIUSB 6009: http://www.ni.com/pdf/manuals/371303m.pdf 6- DFRduino http:/droboticsonline.com/ebaydownloads/ArduinoShieldManual_pdf 7- Solenoid Valve hitp:/www.yujinelectric.com/img/pdf/KSVOSB.pdf 2