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timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the

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I ' I I tt; • & 12
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IS 4082 (1996): Recommendations on stacking and storage of

construction materials and components at site [CED 29:
Construction Management including safety in

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Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
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PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT
IS 4082: 1996

lirt4t(i 4orfc
WRit
ETE -
iltR7 —
twrft- 1 .
gra-
5TNTur
Indian
Standard
STACK
ING
AND
STORA
GE OF
CONST
RUCTI
ON
MATE
RIALS
AND
COMP
ONENT
S AT
SITE -
RECO
MMEN
DATIO
NS
(Second
Revision)
 First Reprint

OCTOBER1998

ICS 91.100 ;

55.220

© BIS 1996

BUREAU
OF
INDIAN
STANDA
R
DMay 1996
S
MANAK
BHAVAN, 9
BAHADUR
SHAH ZAFAR
MARG
NEW DELHI
110002
Construction Management Sectional Committee, CED 29

FOREWORD

This Indian Standard (Second Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft
finalized by the Construction Management Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil
Engineering Division Council.

Planned stacking and storage of construction materials and components at the site of any construction
work irrespective of its characteristics, can ensure efficient and effective methods of work and construction
operations. Losses due to unsuitable and haphazard storage and stacking of materials and components
are minimized by sound organization at site of stacking and storage. This standard has, therefore, been
prepared to provide general guidance to the builders and construction agencies in stacking and storage
of materials and components at site. However, in the case of special manufactured products, the
manufacturers' instructions shall be followed for stacking and storage.

This standard was first published in 1967 and then revised in 1977. This second revision of the standard
has been prepared based on the experience gained with the use of the standard and with a view to
bringing it in line with the provisions of the other Indian Standards. In this revision, provisions for
materials like stones, blocks, roof tiles, partially prefabricated wall and roof components, cinder,
aluminium sections, cast iron and aluminium sheets, plastic sheets, doors and windows and glass
bricks/blocks have also been incorporated. To facilitate implementation of the provisions of this standard at
site, a stacking and storage checklist has been included in this revision. A separate standard IS 7969: 1975
'Safety code for handling and storage of building materials' provides guidance regarding safety aspects of
workmen engaged in handling and storage of building materials.

The composition of the technical commmittee responsible for the formulation of this standard is given-
at Annex A.
 IS 4082: 1996

Indian Standard
STACKING AND
STORAGE OF
CONSTRUCTION
MATERIALS AND
COMPONE
NTS AT
SITE —
RECOM
MENDAT
IONS
(Second
Revisio
n)
1 SCOPE 1141: 1993 C
This standard provides practice for seasoning
general guidance of timber (second
regarding stacking and revision)
storage of construction 13416 Recommendations
materials and for preven-
components at site. (Part 5) : 1994
2 REFERENCES measures against
The following Indian hazards at
Standards contain wor
provisions which kpla
through reference in ces:
this text, constitute Part
provisionS of this 5
standard. At the time of Fire
publication, the editions prot
indicatOd were valid. ec-
All standards are tion
subject to revision,
and parties to 3 GENERAL
agreements based on CONSIDERA
this standard are TIONS FOR
encouraged to STACKING
investigate the AND
possibility of applying STORAGE
the most recent editions 3.1 Planning of Storage
of these standards Layout
indicated below.
For any site, there should
IS No. be proper planning of the
layout for stacking be more than 4.5 m in
and storage of height. The provisions
different materials, given in IS 13416 (Part 5)
components and : 1994 shall be followed.
equipments with Explosives like
proper access and detonators shall be
proper manoeuvrability stored in accordance
of the vehicles carrying with the existing
the material. While regulations of Indian
planning the layout, the Explosives Act.
requirements of various
materials, components 3.4.2 Materials which
and equipments at are likely to be affected
different stages of con- by subsidence of soil
struction shall be like precast beams,
considered. slabs and timber of sizes
3.2 Materials shall be shall be stored by
stored in such a manner adopting suitable
as to prevent measures to ensure
deterioration or unyielding supports.
intrusion of foreign 3.4.3 Materials liable to
matter and to ensure be affected by floods
the preservation of shall be suitably stored
their quality and fitness to prevent their being
for the work.
washed away or
3.3 Protection Against damaged due to floods.
Atmospheric Agencies
3.5 Stairways,
Materials stored at passageways and
site, depending upon
gangways shall not
the in-
become obstructed by
dividual
characteristics, shall be storage of building
protected from materials, tools or
accumulated rubbish.
atmospheric actions,
such as rain, sun, winds 4 STACKING AND
and moisture, to avoid STORAGE OF
MATERIALS
deterioration.
3.4 Protection Against 4.1 The stacking and
Fire and Other storage of materials
Hazards generally used in
construction shall be as
3.4.1 Materials, like given in 4.2 to 4.28,
timber, coal, paints, etc which have been
shall be stored in such a summarised in the form
way that there may not of a checklist in Table 1.
be any possibility of fire
hazards. Inflammable 4.2 Cement
materials like kerosene 4.2.1 Cement is
and petrol, shall be received in bags, drums
stored in accordance or silos.
with the relevant rules
4.2.2 In case cement is
and regulations so as to
received in bags,
ensure the desired safety
recommendations
during storage. Stacks
given in 4.2.2.1 to
shall not be piled so high
4.2.2.5 shall be
as to make them unstable
followed.
under fire fighting
conditions and in
general they shall not
IS 4082: 1996

4.2.2.1 Cement shall be stored at the work site in a In the stacks the cement bags shall be kept close
building or a shed which is dry, leakproof and as together to reduce circulation of air as much as
moisture-proof as possible. The building or shed possible. Owing to pressure on the bottom layer of
for storage should have minimum number of win- bags sometimes 'warehouse pack' is developed in
dows and close fitting doors and these should be these bags. This can be removed easily by rolling
kept closed as far as possible. the bags when the cement is taken out for use.
Lumbed bags, if any should be removed and dis-
4.2.2.2 Cement shall be stored and stacked in bags posed off.
and shall be kept free from the possibility of any
dampness or moisture coming in contact with 4.2.2.3 The height of stack shall not be more than
them. Cement bags shall be stacked off the 10 bags to prevent the possibility of lumping up
floor on wooden planks in such a way as to keep under pressure. The width of the stack shall be not
about 150 mm to 200 mm clear above the floor. more than four bags length or 3 metres. In stacks
The floor may comprise of lean cement concrete or more than 8 bags high, the cement bags shall be
two layers of dry bricks laid on well consolidated arranged alternately length-wise and cross-wise so
earth. A space of 600 mm minimum shall be left as to tie the stacks together and minimize the
alround between the exterior walls and the stacks (see danger of toppling over. Cement bags shall be
Fig. 1). stacked in a manner to facilitate their removal and

SECTION A.G. OR G.I.

DOOR SHEET OR ANY
KIND OF
WEATHER

LOAD
BEARING

6
PLAN
A = Pla nks
B = Wooden Battens
C = 150 Dry Bricks in Two Layers or Lean Cement Concrete
D = 150 Consolidated Earth
All dimensions in millimetres.

FIG. 1 TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT IN CEMENT GODOWN

2
 IS 4082: 1996

use in the order in which 4.3.1 Quicklime Before

they are received; a lable Slaking
showing date of receipt
of cement shall be put Quicklime deteriorates
on each stack to know rapidly on exposure by
the age of cement. taking up moisture and
carbon dioxide from
4.2.2.4 For extra safety
atmosphere. It should
during the monsoon, or
be slaked as soon as
when it is expected to
possible before
store for an unusually
deterioration sets in. If
long period, the stack
unavoidable, it may be
shall be completely
stored in compact heaps
enclosed by a
having only the mini-
waterproofing
mum of exposed area.
membrane such as
The heaps shall be
polyethylene, which
stored on a suitable
shall close on the top of
platform and covered
the stack. Care shall be
by waterproof
taken to see that the
membrane such as
waterproofing
polyethylene to avoid
membrane is not
direct contact with rain or
damaged any time
being blown away by
during use.
wind. In case quicklime is
4.2.2.5 Cement in stored in a covered shed,
gunny bags, paper bags a minimum space of 300
and polyethylene bags mm should be provided
shall be stored alround the heaps to
separately. avoid bulging of walls.
4.2.3 In case cement is 4.3.2 Hydrated Lime
received in drums,
these shall be stored on Hydrated lime is
plane level ground, as generally supplied in
far as possible near the containers such as jute
concrete mixing place. bags lined with
After taking out the polyethylene or HDPE
required quantity of woven bags lined with
cement, the lid of the polyethylene or kraft
drum shall be securely paper bags. It should be
tied to prevent ingress stored in a building to
of moisture. protect the lime from
dampness and to
4.2.4 In case cement is minimize warehouse
received in silos, the deterioration.
silos shall be placed
near the concrete The building should be
batching plant. Proper with a concrete floor and
access shall be provided having least ventilation
for the replacement of to eliminate draughts
silos. through the walls and
roof. In general, the
4.2.5 Different types of
recommendations given
cements shall be
in 4.2.2.2 for storing of
stacked and stored
cement shall be
separately.
applicable for hydrated
4.3 Lime lime. When air
 movement is reduced site of work so that least
to a practical effort is required to unload
minimum, hydrated lime and transport the bricks
can be stored for up to again by loading on
three months without pallets or in barrows.
appreciable change. Building bricks shall be
loaded or unloaded a pair
4.3.3 Dry Slaked Lime
at a time unless
If the lime is to be used palletised. Unloading of
within a few days it may building bricks or
be stored on a platform handling in any other
suitably covered for way likely to damage the
protection from rain and corners or edges or other
wind. If it is required to parts of bricks shall not
be stored for a longer be permitted.
period not exceeding 2 4.5.4 Bricks shall be
months it may be kept in stacked on dry firm
a dry and closed godown. ground. For proper
4.4 Stones inspection of quality and
ease in counting, the
4.4.1 Stones of different stacks shall be 50 bricks
sizes, types and long, 10 bricks high and
classification shall be not more than 4 bricks
stored separately. in width, the bricks
being placed on edge,
4.4.2 Stones shall be two at a time along the
stacked on dry firm width of the stack.
ground in a regular heap Clear distance between
not more than 1 m in adjacent stacks shall not
height. be less than 0.8 m.
Bricks of each truck load
4.4.3 Veneering stones shall be put in one stack.
shall be stacked against
vertical support on a 4.5.5 Bricks of different
firm dry ground in tiers, types, such as, clay
upto a height of 1.2 m. bricks, clay fly ash
A distance of about 0.8 bricks, fly ash time
m shall be kept between bricks, sand lime
two adjacent stacks. (calcium silicate) bricks
shall be stacked
4.5 Bricks separately. Bricks of
different classifications
4.5.1 Bricks shall be from strength
stacked in regular tiers as consideration and size
and when they are consideration (such as,
unloaded to minimize conventional and
breakage and modular) shall be stacked
defacement. These shall separately.
not be dumped at site.
4.5.2 In the case of bricks
made from clays contain-
ing lime KANKA.R, the
bricks in stack should be
thoroughly soaked in
water (docked) to
prevent lime bursting.
3 4.5.3 Brick stacks shall
be placed close to the
Is 4082: 1996

Also bricks of different types, such as, solid, hollow care. It is preferable to transport these at the site
and perforated shall be stacked separately. on platform trolleys.
4.6 Blocks 4.8 Aggregates
4.6.1 Blocks are available as hollow and solid con- 4.8.1 Aggregates shall be stored at site on a hard
crete blocks, hollow and solid light weight concrete dry and level patch of ground. If such a surface is
not available, a platform of planks or old cor -
blocks, autoclaved aerated concrete blocks, con-
rugated iron sheets, or a floor of bricks, or a thin
crete stone masonry blocks and soil based blocks.
layer of lean concrete shall be made so as to prevent
4.6.2 Blocks shall be unloaded one at a time and contamination with clay, dust, vegetable and other
stacked in regular tiers to minimize breakage and foreign matter.
defacement. These shall not b_e dumped at site. 4.8.2 Stacks of fine and coarse aggregates shall be
The height of the stack shall not be more than kept in separate stock piles sufficiently removed
1.2 m. The length of the stack shall not be more from each other to prevent the material at the edges
than 3.0 m, as far as possible and the width shall be of the piles from getting intermixed. On a large job
of two to three blocks. it is desirable to construct dividing walls to give
each type of aggregates its own compartment. Fine
4.6.3 Normally blocks cured for 28 days only aggregates shall be stacked in a place where loss due
should be received at site. In case blocks cured for to the effect of wind is minimum.
less than 28 days are received, these shall be stacked
separately. All blocks should be water cured for 10 4.8.3 Unless specified otherwise or necessitated by
site conditions stacking of the aggregates should be
to 14 days and air cured for another 15 days; thus
carried out in regular stacks. The suggested sizes
no blocks with less than 28 days curing shall be used
for stacks are as follows:
in building construction. SI Material Size of Stack (in m)
4.6.4 Blocks shall be placed close to the site of No.
Length Breadth Height x,
work so that least effort is required for their i) Soli 5.0 2.0 0.50
transportation. ng stone or 5.0 1.0 0.50
4.6.5 Blocks manufactured at site shall be stacked ii) Coars 2.0 2.0 0.50
atleast for required minimum curing period as or 5.0 5.0 1.00
given in 4.6.3. or 5.0 1.0 0.50
iii) Fine 2.0 2.0 0.50
4.6.6 The date of manufacture of the blocks shall or 5.0 5.0 1.00
be suitably marked on the stacks of blocks or 5.0 1.0 0.50
manufactured at factory or site.
4.9 Fly Ash
4.7 Floor, Wall and Roof Tiles Fly ash shall be stored in such a manner as to permit
easy access for proper inspection and identification
4.7.1 Floor, wall and clay roof tiles of different
of each consignment. Fly ash in bulk quantities
types, such as, cement concrete tiles (plain,
shall be stored in stack similar to fine aggregates as
coloured and terrazzo) and ceramic tiles (glazed
specified in 4.8 avoiding any intrusion of foreign
and unglazed) shall be stacked on regular platform
matter. Fly ash in bags shall be stored in stacks not
as far as possible under cover in proper layers and
more than 10 bags high.
in tiers and they shall not be dumped in heaps. In
the stack, the tiles shall be so placed that the mould 4.10 Cinder
surface of one faces that of another. Height of the Cinder shall be stored in bulk quantities in stacks
stack shall not be more than one metre. During similar to coarse aggregates as specified in 4.8
unloading, these shall be handled carefully so as to avoiding any extrusion of foreign matter.
avoid breakage. 4.11 Partially Prefabricated Wall and Roof
4.7.2 Tiles of different quality, size and thickness Components
shall be stacked separately to facilitate easy

manufacturers packed in wooden crates, shall be per 4:6. The lintel and sill blocks shall be unloaded
stored in crates. The crates shall be opened one at as individual component by holding them near the
a time as and when required for use. ends. These shall be stacked on plane level ground
having a floor of bricks or a thin layer of lean
4.73 Ceramic tiles and clay roof tiles are generally concrete.
supplied in cartons which shall be handled with

4
 IS 4082: 1996

4.11.2 The roof with wooden battens,

components such as called crossers,
precast R C joists, separating one layer
prefabricated brick from another. The
panels, R C planks, crossers shall be sound
channel units, cored wood, straight and
units, waffle units, L- uniform in thickness. In
panel, single tee and case where separate
double tee sections, crossers are not
ferrocement panels, etc available smaller
shall be unloaded as sections of the available
individual components. structural timber may be
The components shall employed in their place.
be handled by In any layer, an air
holding at specified space of about 25 mm
points so that the shall be provided
stresses due to handling between adjacent
are minimized. These
members. The longer
shall be stacked on
pieces shall be placed
plane level ground
in the bottom layers and
having a floor of bricks
or a thin layer of lean shorter pieces in the top
concrete. R C planks, layers but one end of
prefabricated brick the stack shall be in true
panels and ferrocement vertical alignment. The
panels shall be stacked crossers in different
against a brick masonry layers shall be in
wall in slightly inclined vertical alignment. The
position on both sides of most suitable width and
the wall. Channel units, height of a stack are
cored units and L-panels recommended to be
shall be stacked one about 1.5 m to 2.0 m.
over the other upto five Distance between
tiers. The waffle units adjacent stacks is
shall be stacked upside recommended to be at
down as individual least 450 mm. A side
units. The R C joists, view of such a stack is
single tee and double tee shown in Fig. 2. In
sections shall be case the stacking with
stacked as individual the help of battens is
units one adjacent to not possible, the timber
the other. The distance may be close-piled in
between any two heaps on raised
adjacent stacks shall foundations with the
not be less than 450
precautions specified
mm.
above.
4.12 Timber 4.12.2 The stacks shall
4.12.1 Timber shall be be protected from hot
stored in stacks upon dry winds or direct sun
well treated and even and rain. Heavy
surfaced beams, sleepers weights, such as metal
or brick pillars so as to rails or large sections of
be above the ground wood, are recommended
level by at least 150 mm. to be placed on the top
The various members of the stack to prevent
shall preferably be stored distortion or warping of
separately in different the timber in the stack.
lengths, and material of In case, timber is to be
equal lengths shall be stored for about an year
piled together in layers or more, to prevent
end cracking in the separate areas shall be
material, the ends of all earmarked. It is
members shall be desirable that ends of
coated with coal tar, bars and sections of
aluminium leaf paints each class be painted in
(hardened gloss oil), distinct separate
micro crystalline wax colours.
or any other suitable 4.13.2 Steel
material. reinforcement shall
4.13 Steel ordinarily be
stored in such a way as
4.13.1 For each to avoid distortion and
classification of steel, to

FIG. 2 TYPICAL TIMBER STACK

5