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Differential Manometers

An upright differential manometer measures the difference in pressure between two points. It has a U-shaped tube filled with liquid, usually mercury. In the first case, it connects two points in the same pipe at the same level. The difference in height of the mercury columns at each end, h, indicates the pressure difference. In the second case, it connects two different pipes at different levels carrying different fluids. The difference between the heights of the mercury columns in each limb, h1 and h2, indicates the pressure difference between the two pipes.

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150 views3 pages

Differential Manometers

An upright differential manometer measures the difference in pressure between two points. It has a U-shaped tube filled with liquid, usually mercury. In the first case, it connects two points in the same pipe at the same level. The difference in height of the mercury columns at each end, h, indicates the pressure difference. In the second case, it connects two different pipes at different levels carrying different fluids. The difference between the heights of the mercury columns in each limb, h1 and h2, indicates the pressure difference between the two pipes.

Uploaded by

vijay kumar honnali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DIFFERENTIAL MANOMETERS

7.1   Introduction
Differential manometers are used to measure the difference of pressures between two
points in a pipe or in two different pipes. There are two types of differential
manometers.
1.      U-tube upright differential manometer
2.      U-tube inverted differential manometer
7.2  U-tube Upright Differential Manometer
It is used to measure pressure difference at two points in a pipe or between two pipes
at different levels.
Case 1 - U-tube upright differential manometer connected at two points in a pipe
at same level
The construction and arrangement of a manometer connected at two different points,
A and B, of a pipe is shown in figure 7.1.

Fig. 7.1 U-tube upright differential manometer


Let,         
ρ1 = density of liquid flowing in the pipeline
ρ2 = density of manometer liquid (assume mercury)
S = Specific gravity of liquid for which pressure has to be determined
S1 = Specific gravity of manometer liquid
hA be the pressure in terms of height of fluid in the pipe at point A
hB be the pressure in terms of height of fluid in the pipe at point B
h is the distance of mercury level in the right limb from the datum line XX�
h1 is the height of manometer liquid level in the right limb from the centre of
pipe at point B.

Case 2 - U-tube upright differential manometer connected between two pipes at


different levels and carrying different fluids

Fig. 7.2 Vertical differential manometer (pressure difference between two pipes)
Let,         
S1 = Specific gravity of liquid in pipe A
S2 = Specific gravity of liquid in pipe B
S = Specific gravity of manometer liquid
hA be the pressure head in terms of height of fluid in the pipe at point A
hB be the pressure head in terms of height of fluid in the pipe at point B
h is the distance of mercury level in the right limb from the datum line XX�
h1 is the height of manometer liquid level in the left limb from the from the
datum line XX�
h2 is the height of manometer liquid level in the right limb from the from the
centre of pipe at point B.

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