Studies in Language style sheet

Version 2.1 (21 September 2022)

Viveka Velupillai

Contents

Contents.............................................................................................................................................................. 1
Content guidelines for Articles/New from the Field .......................................................................................... 2
Content guidelines for Review Articles.............................................................................................................. 2
Content guidelines for Special Issues ................................................................................................................. 3
1 Submissions: Manuscripts for review .................................................................................................... 4
Style sheet for manuscripts to be reviewed ........................................................................................................ 4
1.1 Document set-up .................................................................................................................................. 4
1.2 Abstract ................................................................................................................................................ 5
1.3 Headings............................................................................................................................................... 5
1.4 Linguistic examples.............................................................................................................................. 5
1.5 Text formatting..................................................................................................................................... 6
1.6 Quotations ............................................................................................................................................ 7
1.7 Citations ............................................................................................................................................... 8
1.8 Cross-referencing ................................................................................................................................. 8
1.9 Tables, figures, etc ............................................................................................................................... 8
1.10 References ............................................................................................................................................ 9
Sample reference entries (as per the Unified style sheet for linguists) ............................................................. 10
2 Manuscripts accepted for publication .................................................................................................. 12
 Style sheet

Content guidelines for Articles/New from the Field

Studies in Language invites contributions in all areas of linguistics, with special reference to
morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, historical linguistics, and discourse. For regular article
contributions, the priority of a typological and cross-linguistic perspective is high: articles on one
language only are welcome if of interest to the generalist/universalist. Likewise, interdisciplinary
studies are welcome to the extent that they have a coherent perspective that ties in with the above.
In addition to regular articles, Studies in Language welcomes contributions that report on
new discoveries in little-known and/or endangered languages, emphasizing description over theory
and comparison, and that are published in a special section of the journal entitled “News from the
Field”. Contributions to this section typically derive from original fieldwork and are expected to
provide concise and well-substantiated analyses of linguistic phenomena that have not been
noticed much in general or in the relevant family or area but for which the wider theoretical and
comparative implications cannot be established yet. Such submissions, which should be ca 12-25
pages (ca 8,000-17,000 words) will be refereed like regular articles.
Contributions should be in the English language only. Articles previously published or under
consideration by another journal cannot be accepted.

Content guidelines for Review Articles

Studies in Language invites proposals for Review Articles in which recent book publications
relating to and relevant for some specific area of linguistic research are critically discussed. Review
Articles must be preceded by a proposal, which will be evaluated by the journal editors. If the
proposal is accepted, the Review Article should be a well thought through and balanced survey.
Specific areas of interest include morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, historical linguistics,
and discourse, with priority to a typological and cross-linguistic perspective. Readers of Studies in
Language are functional linguists interested in the diversity and variability of human languages,
the historical dynamics of languages, and the embedding of language in both social practices and
cognition. Review Articles of books on a single language are welcome if the topic is of interest to
general linguists, whereas Review Articles of interdisciplinary studies are welcome to the extent
that they have a strong functional linguistic orientation.
Review Articles should be in the English language only. They should be ca 10-15 pages (ca
7,000-10,000 words). As with all Studies in Language contributions, the tone of Review Articles
must be professional and courteous. It is possible to disagree with what someone has written
without disrespecting the writer.

The formatting requirements for Review Articles are identical to those for regular submissions
(see below).

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 Style sheet

Content guidelines for Special Issues

Studies in Language publishes a maximum of one Special Issue per year. Special Issues contain
articles relating to a coherent topic, which should fall within the focus of the journal, i.e. functional
linguistics relating to morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, historical linguistics, and
discourse, with priority to a typological and cross-linguistic perspective. Proposals for Special
Issues incorporating interdisciplinary studies are welcome to the extent that they have a strong
functional linguistic orientation.
A Special Issue should be no longer than 250 published pages, which corresponds to ca
170,000 words. This is equivalent or the physical size of an ordinary volume issue, with ca 5-7
articles (depending on the length of the articles).
For accepted Special Issue proposals, the Special Issue editors will ensure that the peer
reviewing process is completed before the articles are submitted for copy-editing. Special Issue
articles should be submitted individually by the individual authors, and be reviewed individually
(through the handling of the Special Issue editors).
Contributions should be in the English language only. Articles previously published, or
under consideration by another journal or as contributions to other edited volumes, cannot be
accepted.

The formatting requirements for Special Issue articles are identical to those for regular submissions
(see below).

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 Style sheet

1 Submissions: Manuscripts for review

We request manuscripts be submitted through our online portal, which entails that all contributions
either are submitted as PDFs (with embedded fonts) or are automatically converted to PDFs by
the system when a manuscript is uploaded. It is the author’s responsibility to ensure that the
resulting PDFs are complete and correctly formatted and display all symbols correctly. Please
consult the Tutorial for Authors for detailed information about the practicalities of online
submission. It is essential that the final version of an accepted manuscript be submitted both as a
PDF and as an editable file. The editable file should preferably be Word or an open source
equivalent, like OpenOffice or LibreOffice. LaTeX files can also be accepted, but it should be
noted that they will take longer to process.

All submissions must be completely anonymous. Please make sure to also remove or blind out
acknowledgements and self-references that might reveal your identity. In addition, make sure that
the file submitted does not contain metadata (“file properties”) revealing your identity.

Style sheet for manuscripts to be reviewed

1.1 Document set-up

Manuscripts for review should be formatted as reader-friendly as possible:

− Manuscripts should be page numbered throughout.
− All figures and tables should appear in situ, placed as close as possible to the text where
they are referred to and not on a separate page at the end or even in a separate document.
All figures and tables should be numbered consecutively with Arabic numerals. They
should be referred to by their number (do not use expressions like “the following table”).
− Please leave ample margins (so reviewers can make notes when reading) and number
each line (so reviewers can easily refer to specific statements). Automatic line-numbering
is available in all modern text processing systems.
− Every new paragraph except the first paragraph after a title, example, table, figure or map
should be indented. Do not use blank lines for the sole purpose of marking the next line
as the first of a new paragraph.
− Every section, subsection, example, table, figure, map, note, etc. should be numbered
consecutively, without gaps.
− Please ensure that all works cited in the text are listed in the reference section. Do not list
any works that have not been cited.
− Do not use noncapitalisable symbols to open a sentence. In other words, start sentences
like this: “Example (2a) shows…”, “A total of 500 datapoints…”, etc (Not *2a shows…,
*500 datapoints…)

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 Style sheet

− Full sentence parentheses end in “.)”; sententially partial ones (if sentence-final), in “).”
− Please use footnotes (not endnotes). Note numbers in the running text should directly
follow punctuation marks, with no blank space, like this: text, text and text.4 / text,4 text
and text.
− Appendices should be placed after the list of references.

1.2 Abstract

Manuscripts should include an abstract no longer than 150 words. The abstract should be:
− Accurate: Ensure that the abstract objectively reflects the purpose and content of your
paper. Report rather than evaluate;
− Self-contained: Define abbreviations and unique terms, spell out names, and give
reference to the context in which your paper should be viewed;
− Concise and specific: Be maximally informative, use the active voice, and include the 4
or 5 most important keywords, findings and implications.

Please also include 5 keywords after the abstract.

1.3 Headings

All headings should be left-aligned and follow the following numbering system:
1 First level heading
1.1 Second level heading
1.1.1 Third level heading
1.1.1.1 Fourth level heading

Avoid more than four levels. Do not end the numbering with a full stop (i.e. like this *1. First level
heading). Also:
− Never begin numbering sections with “0” (the zero should not be used anywhere in
section numbering.)
− Capitalise only the first letter in the first word (and of proper nouns), and the first word
after a colon, e.g. The first word should be capitalised and Section headings: Only the
first word should be capitalised (not *The First Word Should Be Capitalised or *Section
Headings: Only The First Word Should Be Capitalised).

1.4 Linguistic examples

Examples should have numbers in parentheses. Each example should be preceded and followed
by an empty line. Examples should be glossed following the Leipzig Glossing Rules

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 Style sheet

(https://www.eva.mpg.de/lingua/resources/glossing-rules.php). The glosses should be aligned

using tabs (not the space bar). There should be exactly the same number of segments in the data
line as in the gloss line. Additional lines with the orthographic or phonetic representation may be
added if necessary. If you are providing examples from different languages, then give the language
name (and additional information) before the example. The examples source should be given
immediately after the translation. Examples in English should be set in italics, as in (3).
Punctuation of examples (e.g. capital letter at the beginning and full stop at the end of a full
sentence) is not obligatory but should be employed consistently.

Hittite
(1) n=an apedani mehuni essandu
CONN=him that.DAT.SG time.DAT.SG eat.they.shall
‘They shall celebrate him on that date.’ (Lehmann 1982:211)

Ainu (Isolate: Japan)

(2) a. aynu kamuy rayke
person bear kill
‘The man killed the bear.’

b. pirka kewtum
good heart
‘good heart’ (Shibatani 1990: 23)

(3) I am writing an example sentence.

All abbreviations used in the examples should be listed at the end, before the list of references.
References to examples in the body text should take the form “see (2a) and (2b)” with both the
number and letter in brackets.

1.5 Text formatting

Italics should be used for:

− cited data (including English), both in numbered examples and in the body text. The
gloss/translation should follow, without a comma, in single quotes, like this: mela ‘apple’
or äpple-t ‘apple-DEF’ / ‘the apple’ / ‘the apple (apple-DEF)’.
− titles of books, theses, journals and newspapers

SMALL CAPS should be used for glosses of grammatical morphemes.

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 Style sheet

Bold should be used for:

− key terms at first mention
− emphasis in the body text
− emphasis in a quotation indicating [emphasis mine / emphasis in original]
Please keep the use of italics and bold to an absolute minimum.

Please use rounded quotation marks (‘’ and “”), not "straight" ones.
− Single quotation marks should be used for translations, e.g. la mela ‘the apple’.
− Double quotation marks should be used for quotations.

Dashes:
− Please use spaced en-dashes for parenthetical text, like this: text – text.
− Please use unspaced en-dashes between inclusive numbers, like this: 153–156, 2021–
2022.

Hyphens: Please use hyphens (and not dashes) for affixes in the running text, e.g. “-affix” (and
not *−affix).

(Word will always mess that up, but I think we should have it in there anyway.)

Spacing: please use one space (not two) after punctuation.

Brackets: please avoid double round brackets. For example numbers inside brackets, use this
format: “…text (as shown in example 2a).”

1.6 Quotations

− Short quotations (max 60 words) should be given in the body text within double
quotation marks. Single quotation marks should be used for quotations within quotations.
− Long quotations (more than 60 words) should appear as a separate block and not be
enclosed within quotation marks. The source for the quote should be given following the
quote after the punctuation.
− Always give the exact page numbers for the quotation.
− Quotations in languages other than English should be followed by a translation in square
brackets.
− Use square brackets for interpolations (“[sic]”) and ellipses within quoted text (“quoted
and quoted […] continued quote”).

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 Style sheet

1.7 Citations

− Brief citations within the body text should take the following format:
One author: (Smith 2021: 15)
Two authors: (Smith & Jones 2020: 345)
Three or more authors: (Smith et al. 2019: 67)
Several works by the same author: (Smith 2021a, 2021b and 2022)
Works by different authors: (Jones 2020, Smith 2016 and Wesley 1957) in alphabetical
order
Reference to an entire chapter: (Jones 2020: Ch. 4)
Reprints: (Wesley 2022 [1957])
Page number ranges: (Smith 2021: 235–239) NB: please do not drop digits (e.g. 215–9)
Page citations in a work being reviewed in a book review: (p. 35), (pp. 136–142)

− In the running text the date is given in parentheses: “Smith (2021) remarked that…” or
“As was shown by Smith (2021), the data conformed with…”
− For citations inside brackets, use this format: “text (as shown in Smith 2022: 31).”
− Use the ampersand (&) to conjoin author names in the running text
− Give the exact page number (do not use “f.” or “ff”)
− Always give the full author and date citation (do not use “op. cit.”, “loc. cit.” or “ibid.”)
− When citing more than one work by the same author that is published the same year,
please differentiate them by using letters (Smith 2021a, 2021b, 2021c)
− When citing edited works, please do not include “ed.” or “eds.” in the citation.

1.8 Cross-referencing

− Please refer to section and subsection headings within the article with the capitalised word
Section followed by the section number, like this: see “Section 3”; “see Section 4.2”, etc.
− References to tables, figure, maps, etc should include the capitalised full word Table,
Figure, Map, etc followed by the number, like this: Table 1; Figure 2; Map 3.
− Do not cite page numbers within your own article.

1.9 Tables, figures, etc

− Information presented together in rows and columns should be labelled as “Tables”

− Graphs, line drawings, photographs, etc. should be labelled as “Figures”
− All tables, figures, maps, etc should be numbered consecutively throughout the text
− Table captions should appear directly above the table
− Figure and map captions should appear directly below the figure/map.

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 Style sheet

− Please use sentence case for table, figure and map captions, as well as for table column
heads
− Please make sure that all tables, figures, maps, etc are explicitly referred to in the text (cf.
above)
− Notice that colour graphics appear in grey scale in the print version, so please make sure
that the contrasts are visible in grey scale.

1.10 References

All works cited in the text must be listed in the section “References”; this section should only
include works that are cited. References should be formatted according to the unified linguistics
bibliography style developed by the Committee of Editors of Linguistics Journals (see
https://www.linguisticsociety.org/celxj, last access 3 June 2022). Please make sure of the
following:
− Please give the full names (i.e. both first name and surname) of all authors and editors.
Please use the following format: “Surname, first name” (e.g. Smith, Jane H.) for single or
first authors; all non-first co-authors: first name surname (e.g. Jane H. Smith). Please do
not use “et al.” in the reference list; all authors/editors should be listed by their full names.
− Please do not use dashes to replace author/editor names.
− Initials require full stops and should be spaced, e.g. Jane H. Smith.
− Use the abbreviation (ed.) for one editor and (eds.) for several editors after the name(s).
− Entries should show the full title and subtitle of each work. Capitalize only the first word
of a book/dissertation title (in addition to proper names and the first word after a colon).
Use italics for volume (book, journal, dissertation) titles as well as database titles, but not
for article titles or book series.
− Please do not abbreviate the names of journals, books series, databases, publishers or
conferences. Capitalize all lexical words in journal or series titles, as well as database
titles. Give series information in parentheses.
− Page numbers of articles in journals or edited volumes should be inclusive. Please do not
drop digits.
− Reference entries for multiple works by the same author(s)/editor(s) should be listed
chronologically, with the oldest publication at the top and the newest at the bottom.
− The reference entries for authored works and edited works by a single author should be
grouped separately.
− Please provide the place of publication and the name of the publisher.
− Please abbreviate “edition” as “edn.” (to differentiate it from “ed.” for editor).
− Use a comma to separate subcomponents (e.g. author1, author2, author3.)
− Use a period to separate citation components (e.g. author. year. title.)

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 Style sheet

− Use parentheses around “ed.”; do not separate from last name by comma.
− Use four digits for the year. Do not use parentheses, but only a period.
− For on-line materials, give the date the resource was assessed.
− For on-line journals, give journal URL after title (and volume, if applicable), followed by
date consulted.

Sample reference entries (as per the Unified style sheet for linguists)

Journal article
Belletti, Adriana & Luigi Rizzi. 1988. Psych verbs and theta theory. Natural Language and
Linguistic Theory 6(3). 291-352.

Journal article also published electronically

Inkelas, Sharon. 2008. The dual theory of reduplication. Linguistics 46(2). Available at:
http://www.referenceglobal.com/doi/pdf/10.1515/LING.2008.013 (last access 1 June
2022).
→ Note: date = year of online publication or year of latest update; the date of access should be
indicated separately in parentheses at the end of the entry.

Monograph
Anderson, John M. 1997. A notional theory of syntactic categories. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Bybee, Joan L. 1985. Morphology (Typological Studies in Language 9). 2nd edn. Amsterdam:
John Benjamins.

Monograph, multiple authors

Heine, Bernd & Tania Kuteva. 2002. World lexicon of grammaticalization. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Biber, Douglas, Stig Johansson, Geoffrey N. Leech, Susan Conrad & Edward Finegan. 2021.
Grammar of spoken and written English. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

Edited volume
Fodor, Jerry A. & Jerrold J. Katz (eds.). 1964. The structure of language: Readings in the
philosophy of language. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.

Book also published electronically

Jefferson, Gail. 2004. Glossary of transcript symbols with an introduction. In Gene H. Lerner
(ed.), Conversation analysis: Studies from the first generation, 13–23. Amsterdam: John
Benjamins. Available at: http://www.liso.ucsb.edu/Jefferson/Transcript.pdf (last access 24
June 2008).

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 Style sheet

→ Note: date = year of online publication or year of latest update; the date of access should be
indicated separately in parentheses at the end of the entry.

Special issue of a journal (when cited as a whole)

Majid, Asifa & Melissa Bowerman (eds.). 2007. Cutting and breaking events: A crosslinguistic
perspective. [Special issue]. Cognitive Linguistics 18(2).

Article in a collection
Heller, Monica. 2001. Gender and public space in a bilingual school. In Aneta Pavlenko, Adrian
Blackledge, Ingrid Piller & Marya Teutsch-Dwyer (eds.), Multilingualism, second
language learning, and gender (Language, Power and Social Process 6), 257–282. Berlin:
De Gruyter Mouton.

Reprint
Jakobson, Roman & Morris Halle. 2002 [1956]. Fundamentals of language. 2nd edn. Berlin: De
Gruyter Mouton.

Thesis/dissertation
Ernestus, Mirjam. 2000. Voice assimilation and segment reduction in casual Dutch. Amsterdam:
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Ph.D. dissertation.
Jacq, Pascale. 2001. A description of Jruq (Loven): A Mon-Khmer language of the Lao PDR.
Canberra: Australian National University MA thesis.

Translated title
Hashimoto, Shinkichi. 1969. Joshi-Jodoushi-no Kenkyuu [Studies on particles and auxiliary
verbs]. Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten.

Translated work
Morin, Edgar. 2002. La méthode: La nature de lature [Chinese version translated by Hongmiao
Wu and Xuejun Feng]. Beijing: Beijing University Press.

Paper presented at a meeting or conference

Sarangi, Srikant & Celia Roberts. 2000. Uptake of discourse research in inter-professional
settings: Reporting from medical consultancy. Paper presented at the International
Conference on Text and Talk at Work, University of Gent, 16–19 August.

Unpublished manuscript:
Smith, Jane. MS. The title of the manuscript. Unpublished manuscript. (Affiliation if available.)

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 Style sheet

Manuscript which is only available online:

Smith, Jane. 2022. The title of the manuscript. Available at: URL (last access [DATE]).
→ Note: date = year of website or latest update of MS; the date of access should be indicated
separately in parentheses at the end of the entry.

Database
Dryer, Matthew S. & Haspelmath, Martin (eds.) 2013. The World Atlas of Language Structures
Online. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. Available at
http://wals.info (last access 2 July 2022).
→ Note: date = year of website or latest update of database; the date of access should be
indicated separately in parentheses at the end of the entry. Most databases have
instructions for how to cite them or individual datasets within them. Do please follow
those instructions as closely as possible.

2 Manuscripts accepted for publication

Once a manuscript is accepted, it should retain all conventions noted above, except that the
manuscript should now be non-anonymous (and therefore include all and full references and
acknowledgements). It is essential that the final version of an accepted manuscript be submitted
both as a PDF and as an editable file. The editable file should preferably be Word or an open source
equivalent, like OpenOffice or LibreOffice. LaTeX files can also be accepted, but it should be
noted that they will take longer to process.
− Manuscripts should be double spaced throughout.
− Please provide a full address, including email address, for each contributing author. Feel
free to include your ORCID ID if you have one.
− Please indicate one author for correspondence.
− Please make sure you have written permission for the use of material (data, maps,
figures, text) for which the copyright is owned by other than the author(s). It is the
responsibility of the author(s) to ensure that any reproduction of text or other material is
done with the expressed permission of the copyright holders.

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