Application of Calculus

Across Different Fields

A Documentation of Group 4 from STEM 12 - 21

Submitted By:
Abucejo, Mark Christian
Araneta, Ella Anne
Calle, Ethan Emmanuelle
Lamadrid, Jose Rafael
Mosqueda, Kate Lorainne
Submitted To:
Ms. Fatima Grace De Leon
Basic Calculus Teacher
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT (TO BE PRESENTED BY ABUCEJO)
• Software development refers to a set of computer science activities dedicated to the process
of creating, designing, deploying and supporting software. (What Is Software Development? |
IBM, n.d.-b)
• Game Development is the art of creating games and describes the design, development and
release of a game. It may involve concept generation, design, build, test and release.
(freeCodeCamp.org, 2021)

APPLICATION OF CALCULUS IN SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT

1. Simulation of Movement with the Fundamentals of Calculus
• Video games are created with the help of game engines (e.g., Unity, Unreal, Godot).
These game engines are real-time development platforms that creates real-time physics
simulation for objects used in game development. Physics software simulation works by
making several small predictions based on the laws of physics. These predictions are
performed with the use of a mathematical technique called Integration. Each prediction
occurs every frame, if an object is moving at a certain direction at a certain speed, the
physics engine estimates the rate of change which in turn predicts the new position of
the object.
• This is how the engine predicts the simulation of movement using Differentiation and
Integration:
a. The new velocity of an object is found based on the acceleration and time. We
integrate the acceleration to find the velocity.
V =∫a dt

b. The new position of an object is found based on the velocity and time. We
integrate the velocity to find the position.
P = ∫v dt

c. In order to find the values the other way round, we use differentiation. Instead
of integrating, we find the derivative.
2. Conic Sections in Game Development
• Conic sections are used to simulate real-time objects in the game engine, these are
called “primitives”.
• Conic sections can also be used to simulate pathways for an Artificial Intelligence. The
four conic sections can be utilized to simulate the movement of orbits if you want to
create a game taking place in outer space.
 3. Simulation of Current Position and Rotation of the Object.
• If we want to make the character interact with the world, which in this case is changing
the current position and rotation of the player if there is a downward or uphill slope, we
will use differential calculus.
• This is done by finding the derivative of the current position that the player is standing
on.

ECONOMICS (TO BE PRESENTED BY ARANETA)

• Economics is a social science about how people use and exchange limited resources like food,
labor, minerals and, money. (A Basic Overview of the Field of Economics, n.d.)

APPLICATION OF CALCULUS IN ECONOMICS

1. Marginal Function
• Marginal function in economics is defined as the change in total function due to a one
unit change in the independent variable. If the total function is a continuous function
and differentiable, by differentiating the total function with respect to the corresponding
independent variable, the marginal function can be obtained.

2. Marginal Cost
• Marginal cost is the change in total cost incurred from the production of an additional
unit. Given that the total cost function TC=TC(q) is a continuous and differentiable
function, the first-order differentiation of the total cost function is the corresponding
marginal cost function:

If TR = TR(q) dTC / dq = MC(q)

3. Marginal Revenue
• Marginal revenue is the change in total revenue brought about by selling one extra
unit of output. Given that the total revenue function TR=TR(q)TR=TR(q) is a continuous
and differentiable function, the first-order differentiation of the total revenue function is
the corresponding marginal revenue function:
 If TR = TR(q) dTR / dq = MR(q)

4. Marginal Product of Labor

• If the total product is a function of labor (L), TP=TP(L), the marginal product of labor is
dTP / dL

If TP = TP(L) dTP / dL = MPL

5. Marginal Utility
• If the total utility of a consumer is a function of the quantity of goods she consumes,
TU=TU(x), which is a continuous and differentiable function, her marginal utility from the
product is dTU / dx:

If TU = TU(x) dTU / dx = MUX

ARCHITECTURE (TO BE PRESENTED BY CALLE)
• Historically, architecture has been a part of mathematics, so much so the two disciplines were
indistinguishable.
• Throughout time, architects have created mathematically amazing structures such as;
temples, pyramids, ziggurats, and integration projects.
• Architects could use simple geometry if buildings were simple squares and triangles, but a vast
majority of buildings involve curves and strange angles- this is where calculus comes into play.

APPLICATION OF CALCULUS IN ARCHITECTURE

1. Layout, Planning, and Graphs
• Calculus is used to accurately depict the layout of a building.
• Calculus is also used to find the volume and surface area of buildings.
• Calculus can be utilized by architects to express design plans through graphs or
drawings. They can mathematically describe surfaces for the adaptation of drawings to
computer software.
{sa number 1 po dito magagamit po natin yung calculus sa planning and layout
magagamit po natin sya sa pag determine ng quantity ng materials na kailangan sa pag
gawa ng mga support system and yung cost ng project po for example po yung kung
ilang concrete ang need para sa project para mapatibay yung build and etc}{and mas
madali para sa mga architects na gumawa ng floor plan and building shape with the use
of calculus}

2. What NOT to do: Neglection of Calculus in Architecture

• A well-known example of a design plan gone wrong is the Leaning Tower of Pisa. The
building was originally intended to stand upright, but the weight was not accounted for
and early on in it's construction began leaning over. Wet soil and decay have caused the
structure to sink downward and tilt. The tower is just one example of a result of
neglecting the math that goes along with the architecture process.

{dito naman po sa number 2 dito po naglack ng math dahil sa hindi pag determine ng
mass nung mga materials for the project and dahil masyadong mabigat and mataas yung
tower over the years kaya yung foundation ng tower is uneven na sa ground at sa soil
nung structure is lumalambot na dahil sa mass ng tower na nag cause ng pag lean nya}

3. What to do: Creation of the Eiffel Tower

• Calculus was used in the designing and construction of the mathematically sound Eiffel
Tower. Although the tower looks complex, surprisingly, it can be graphed with two
simple equations;
Architects use calculus to determine the ever-important quantity of materials required
for constructing support systems that can withstand stress over long periods of time.
Even notable monuments such as the Eiffel Tower were constructed using calculus to
predict the impact of wind resistance.
y = e-x y = -e-x
• As the tower was being built, wind became a major concern for the architects. But by
utilizing calculus they found the tangent lines of the tower’s main curves (their
derivatives). The tangent lines were used to locate the center of the tower or where its
mass is focused. By knowing this center the architects balanced the tall structure by
using wind as an ally instead of an obstacle. Thus, the tower was molded by wind.
{so ayun one example po ng use ng calculus is yung pag gamit ng derivatives in designing
the eiffel tower, it looks complex po pero mahahati sya sa dalawang equation which is y
= e-x y = -e-x and pag grinaph po natin yan is makikita po natin yung parang stucture ng
eiffel tower and the main reason kung bakit po sila gumamit ng calculus ay habang
ginagawa yung eiffel tower yung wind is naging malaking problem since mataas yung
stucture and by using calculus hinanap nila yung tangent line nung tower which is yung
derivatives and by that nahanap nila yung center nung tower and kung saan naka focus
yung mass and binalance nila using the wind}
 4. Conic Sections in Architecture
• A parabola, or an archway, has been used in the past for buildings such as churches.
(conic sections) They are efficient in supporting structures because they displace the
force exerted down on them.
• Calculus comes into play because these shapes often vary and allow architects to
design such buildings that have repetitive structures, but with modifications that are
aesthetically pleasing and useful in supporting the building.
{conic section is used in architecture because of their visual appeal, economic
advantages and their structural benefits interms of support. one of the most common
use ng conic section sa architecture na makikita natin is sa mga bridge, maraming bridge
is may suspension in the shape of a parabola like the golden gate bridge dahil sa cables
na nakakabit sa support ng bridge dahil sa weight ng bridge and madaling i construct
kaya nag mamake sense economicaly. another example is yung sa eiffel tower merong
ginamit din na conic section as a support dahil sa weight nung tower kaya hindi lang sya
visually appealing may purpose din sya interms of support sa main structure}

ASTRONOMY (TO BE PRESENTED BY LAMADRID)

• Astronomy is a branch of space science that applies the laws of physics and chemistry to seek
to understand the universe and our place in it.
• The field explores topics such as the birth, life and death of stars, planets, galaxies, and other
objects in the universe.

APPLICATION OF CALCULUS IN ASTRONOMY

1. Determines the Rate, Position, and Time
• Calculus is most commonly used in Astronomy to determine the rate at which the
moving position of a body varies with time.
• For Example: Calculus is used to determine the rate of speed required for the
spaceship to successfully reach space from the Earth. The weight of the rocket decreases
because of the fuel decreases, and that is the one of the most important uses of calculus
on that specific part of astronomy.

2. Established the Planetary Motion Rules

• Calculus is used to establish the planetary motion rules that astronomers employ to
investigate and calculate orbits.
• For Example: The orbit of moons on a planet, the satellite that orbits earth, even our
Solar system in the Milky Way.
 3. Differential Calculus in Astronomy
• Calculus involving differential equations is also used by astronomers and physicists in
designing telescopes, mirrors and lens.
• For Example: Telescopes like Hubble space telescope and the James Web telescope.

4. Ideal Rocket Equation

• The thrust in rockets over time calculated using the ideal rocket equation is an
application of calculus.

REFERENCES
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Astronomy - Calculus in Life. (n.d.).
https://sites.google.com/site/calculusabproject/home/astronomy
Calculus and Astronomy: How do they Relate? (2011, July 29). Bright Hub.
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Calculus in Architecture. (n.d.). prezi.com. https://prezi.com/wrffk8lpncxv/calculus-in-
architecture/
 Do game developers use knowledge about all four conic sections to create games? (2020,
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out_all_four/
freeCodeCamp.org. (2021b, April 28). What Is Game Development?
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