A Report of In-Plant Training

at
Ethio telecom

Submitted by : KALED HUSEN ABUBEKAR

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my In-
Plant Training guides Mr. Biruk and all staffs , as well as our principal
who gave me the golden opportunity to do this wonderful in-Plant
Training at << Ethio telecom>>, which provided me an opportunity
explore the new horizons.
I sincerely express my gratitude towards the << Ethio telecom >>
for providing this opportunity.
Secondly I would also like to thank my parents and friends who
helped me a lot in finalizing this report within the limited time frame.
 1. INTRODUCTION

Ethio telecom is a company that serving as the major internet and

telephone service provider. During my internship I worked at power
section and Fixed network operation and maintenance(FNO&M)
section. Mostly I have spent in these department one month in different
section like network element core, internet and data section . The day-to-
day operational activities performed by the service provider are focused
on the effective and efficient utilization of the telecom facilities to
deliver reliable services. Best performers in telecom business guarantee
the availability of their communication network and the reliability of the
service they provide through the application of a well-established
maintenance procedure and properly defined quality standards, against
which the performance of their network can be measured. Fixed-line
telecommunications commonly refer to the wired networks that support
fixed broadband and telephone services. These forms of communication
can be viewed as a connection to an end customer using a cable, through
which the user can connect to the internet or make a phone call. Fixed
data, or fixed broadband, involves the use of a variety of technologies
for any high-speed data transmission to a residence or a business.
Methods of transmission include cable modem internet, digital
subscriber line (DSL) internet, fiber optic cable, and other fixed
broadband technology connections. A landline telephone, or fixed phone
line, is a telephone that transmits signals using metal wire or fiber optic
cable.

2. Company profile

Telecom service was introduced in Ethiopia by Emperor Menelik II in

1894 during the commencement of the telephone line installation from
Harar to Addis Ababa. Then the inter-urban network was expanded in all
other directions from the capital and many important centers in the
Empire were interconnected by landlines to facilitate long-distance
communications with the help of intermediate operators acting as verbal
human repeaters.

Transition to Ethio telecom

Ethio telecom has got its current status since 29th November 2010 as a
part of Ethiopia’s 2005/06 – 2009/10 GTP following the federal
government’s decision to focus on improving telecom services, taking
them as key to national development. Consequently, the country’s
telecom infrastructure and services have been transformed to world-class
standards to facilitate the development of the country with a great
paradigm shift in the improvement of the sector.
Company products ,services and divisions

Ethio Telecom (Ethio Telecom) provides telecom services. The

company portfolio includes services such as hybrid sim account, VSAT,
mobile broadband, VPN service, business mobile and internet, M2M
business, fax, fixed wireless CDMA, fixed line service, domain name
service, Mobile Internet, EVDO, ADSL, Roaming, and mobile services.

Ethio Telecom has split its network infrastructure department into five
divisions for service efficiency as it prepares to remain competitive after
the liberalisation of the telecom sector. .  The divisions are Fixed
Network, Wireless Network, Infrastructure-Power & Environment,
Infrastructure-Transport Network, and National Operation & Service
Management.

The Fixed Network division uses a wired network for voice and data
communication, while the Wireless Network division runs the operation
of wireless devices or systems in a fixed location reliant on tower
networks. The Power & Environment team will handle land acquisition,
towers and supplying power from solar power or generators to fixed
networks.

The Transport Network division deals with the transmission and traffic
of data between devices. The National Operation & Service
Management division, which directly reports to the CEO, is tasked with
monitoring services and acts as an information hub. It has a system that
reports technical glitches to the relevant department to deploy technical
teams to fix issues.

Figure of Ethio telecom jigjiga branch

3. Department of fixed network operation and maintenance
(FNO&M)

In these department I have worked and learned more things with

different guiders that helped me to get more knowledge and see the work
done by different applications like Netnumen and telnet, not only these I
have learned with each of them different things as I will share what I
have gained in these report.

 What is ip address?
 What are Ip core equipment's of Ethio telecom?

1. What is ip address?

 An IP address is a unique global address for a network interface

 An IP address is a 32 bit long identifier encodes a network number

(network prefix) and a host number

 IP addresses are written in a so-called dotted decimal notation

each byte is identified by a decimal number in the range [0..255]:
An ip addressing is a numerical identification to each machine on an ip
network.An ip address is a software address, not a hardware address. It
can be divided into public and private ip address.
IP Address Classes
2. IP core equipment's of Ethio telecom

1. Core devices

 GW –Gateway router- For NAT purpose & connect to an

external network

 BR -Back bone router-service traffic Forwarding and

communication Facilities.

 CR - Core router- Provide redundant link to the BR routers.

2. Distribution devices- This layer connects Core layer with access

layers in which every data and internet configuration is performed
here.

 ER – Edge router- Provides information exchange b/n the

access and core network.

 BRAS – broadband remote access server- Serves as a gateway

for IPOE and PPPOE users.

 GER – general excellent router- Provide NAT service for

internet traffic.

3. Access devices- Access layer is where broadband access devices

and ethio telecom’s other networks (GSM, CDMA, FL-NGN) are
connected (entry point for access medias)
  T160G CS – convergent switch- Data and voice are on
different CS, since it is able to get access directly from the
switch (deployed on large traffics)

 T64G CS – convergent switch- - both Data and voice are on the

same Switch (based on traffic flow, it is implemented on small
size traffics)

 MSAG – Multi-service-access gateway- fiber up link

 GPON – Gigabit Passive Optical Network- fiber up link

 9806H – Mini-DSLAM- fiber up link

 FSAP9800 – Big DSLAM- fiber up link

4. End user devices

 ZXDSL modem

 EPON

 GPON modem

 9700 SoHo Router

 1700 series router

Service Type

 Based on service type

 Internet Customer
 VPN customer
 Based on IP address
 public ip customer
 Normal ip customer
 Based on IP address assign
 For vbui customers /18
 For vpn & Big customers /29
 For Point to point customers /30
 Based on connected Access device
 From Core Switch
 From MSAN/MDU
 From MSAG
 From Mini DSLAM and Big DSLAM
 From IPRAN/RTN
 Based on connected Backbone device
 From ER
 From Brass
 VBUI
 Sub interface
 Based on technology type
  xDSL
 xPON
 Gpon

Fixed Access Network (FAN) applies when an Infrastructure Provider

(InP) controls a physical access network that supports virtual unbundling
to Virtual Network Operators (VNOs) . FANS provides interfaces that
allow diagnostics and status data to be disseminated from the InP to
VNOs, and FAN allows a VNO to request or perform changes in
network configuration and control their own virtual network. These
FANs interfaces enable automated operations spanning an Infrastructure
Provider ( InP )and Virtual Network Operators ( VNO) domains. An
objective of FANS is to enable VNOs to perform operations with virtual
unbundling similar to their operations with physical unbundling . Not
only is the physical access network provided by the InP and shared with
FANS, but management data and configuration are also shared. With
FANS, network management is a shared responsibility; some
management being performed by the InP and some by VNOs.
4. PROJECT WORK
This is a core section of my report. The work that  you have
accomplished during this internship, the techniques that have learned,
the skills which I acquired, the contributions made, the equipments have
used, It contains all the crucial technical details including programs,
software versions.

NEW INTERNET CUSTOMER CONNECTION FORM MSAG

1.Configuration on BRAS

If the customer is connected on MSAG and hasn’t public IP address it

must configured on multilink virtual interface (vbui100).

2. Basic things we must know here are the following:-

2.1. We must know the name of the MSAG and on which switch do that
MSAG is connected. Get the external VLAN for MSAG which the
MSAG is connected to the switch and Get the internal VLAN which
the Customer physical line is connected on MSAG.
3.Finally do configuration on bras.

Bras#

Bras #config t

Bras (config) #

Bras (config) #interface vbui100

Bras (config-if) # ip host [IP] slot X port Y VLAN [external vlan]

second-VLAN [internal vlan] up-rate [speed] down-rate [speed]
description [description]

What additional thing you must do when this MSAG is new (i.e. this is
the first customer connected)?

We must add this VLANS on the physical interface above in which bras
and switch is connected by creating sub-interface or the existing sub
interface.

Brass#

Brass #conf t

Brass (config) # interface gei_X/Y.ZZZZ bras

Brass (config-if) # dot1Q [External vlan]

Brass (config-if) # qinq [External vlan] second-dot1q [internal vlan
ranges]

Configuration on MSAG

MSAG CARD TYPES

1.GILCA CARDS USED FOR ADSL INTERNET AND DATA

CUSTOMERS

2.EPOI CARD USED FOR FIBER INTERNET AND DATA

CUSTOMERS

3.GVDL CARD USED FOR VDL INTERNET AND DATA

CUSTOMERS
Configuration on MSAG

1.CUSTOMER CONNECTION FORM GILCA CARD

Internet ADSL subscriber Internal VLAN starts from 1001-1210

2.CUSTOMER CONNECTION FORM EPON CARD

Internet EPON subscriber internal VLAN starts from 1420-1500

3.CUSTOMER CONNECTION FORM GVDL CARD

Internet VDSL subscriber internal VLAN is assigned based on the card

slot location
CONCLUSION

Mostly I have spent in these department one month in different section

like network element core, internet and data section . The day-to-day
operational activities performed by the service provider are focused on
the effective and efficient utilization of the telecom facilities to deliver
reliable services. Best performers in telecom business guarantee the
availability of their communication network and the reliability of the
service they provide through the application of a well-established
maintenance procedure and properly defined quality standards, against
which the performance of their network can be measured.