Project Report Delivery Drones 1

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Project Report Delivery Drones 1
Engineering Mathematics (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia)
Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university

Downloaded by Barkat Ahmad Toula ([email protected])
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PROJECT REPORT
SEEE1012
“DELIVERY DRONES”
GROUP MEMBERS:
1.YONG AHMAD FIRDAUS BIN AB WAHAB (A20EE0236)
2. MUHAMMAD ALIFF AKMAL BIN ABD WAHID (A20EE0133)
3. MOHAMAD HAFISZUDDIN BIN ABDULLAH (A20EE0115)
4. MOHAMAD SHAMIER AIZAT BIN MAT AMIN (A20EE0120)
5. MOHAMAD FARIS BIN JOHARY (A20EE0121)
COURSE’S LECTURE’S NAME: ASSOC.PROF.LR.TS.DR.LAU KWAN YIEW
SECTION: 01 & 02

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DECLARATION
I declare that the thesis with the title of “DELIVERY DRONE” is the result
of our own research except as cited in the references. The thesis has not
been accepted for any degree and is not concurrently submitted in
candidature of any other degree
Signature : …………………………………
Name : MOHAMAD SHAMIER AIZAT BIN MAT AMIN
Date : 14 JANUARY 2021

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In completing this project, we have received many help and guideline of some
respected persons, who deserve our greatest gratitude. We would like to show our
gratitude to Assoc. Prof. Ir. Ts. Dr. Lau Kwan Yiew, lecturer of Introduction to
Electrical Engineer Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) for giving us a good
guideline for this project throughout many aspects. We are so grateful for all support
and guideline given by him.
We would also like to expand our greatest gratitude to all those who have indirectly
and directly guided us in completing our project especially our classmates and team
members itself. Our team members have helped each other and made many valuable
suggestions which gave us an inspiration to improve our project. Once again, we thank
all those who have gave us the support and help whether directly or indirectly in
completing our project.
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ABSTRACT
Drones usually define as an Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) or Unmanned

Aircraft Systems (UASes). It is a flying robot that can be remotely controlled or fly
autonomously with complex systems and components. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
(UAVs) has become more famous and available as the technology becomes cheaper.
All the technologies always have an improvement and involve through the research.
Drones was first created in the beginning of 1900s and was modified in many ways
until todays. With the different purpose and knowledge, drones was adjusted and
improved more advance in order to achieve their desire and follow the trend of
technological progress. Every technology was invented through the research in order
to solve their own’s problem. Just like the problem of COVID-19 pandemic, everyone
needs to avoid a close contact and touching between each other because to prevent
from infection of virus. So, we conduct the research to build a delivery drone that will
fly autonomously while carrying some package of delivery during this pandemic. This
thesis is about the production and capabilities of delivery drone to contribute in the
logistic networks system which is delivery system while avoid the close contact
between peoples in Malaysia. This paper will introduce a prototype system for the
suitable delivery drone that involve many knowledges. It is done by making the
overview of all current technologies and components of previous drones.
This prototype will include design decisions which is body and electronic design,
components, target market of drones, possible cost, how it is working, advantages,
disadvantages and the future recommendation of drones. The goal of this prototype is
to show how the delivery drone will help us in the logistic networks system especially
during pandemic. Delivery drones promise to be fast, cost reducing and eco-friendly
for all people. These are a further developed technology and can help reducing the
human burden in the future. Even if these drones can be used to help the human in
many ways, the new problems and challenges will appear. So, more research and
testing will be needed to prove the delivery drone can be complete and use in a safe
manner and hopefully will help in human’s work in daily life.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE
DECLARATION i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii
ABSTRACT iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS iv
LIST OF FIGURES vii
LIST OF APPENDICES viii
1 INTRODUCTION 1
2 AIM OF MAKING THE DELIVERY DRONES 3
3 THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS 5

3.1 Goal 8: Decent work and economic growth 5
3.2 Goal 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructures 5
3.3 Goal 10: Sustainable Cities and Communities 6
4 THE DRONE 7
4.1 Target Market 7
4.2 Possible cost for delivery drone system 7
4.3 How does drone delivery work? 8
4.4 Benefits of drone delivery service 9
4.5 The disadvantages of delivery drone 10
4.6 Future recommendation 11
4.7 Maintanence of Delivery Drone 12
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5 MATERIAL AND DESIGN 14

5.1 The Theory 14
5.2 Part by Part Component 15
5.2.1 The Frame 15
5.2.2 Motors and Propellers 17
5.2.3 Batteries 19
5.2.4 The Landing Gear 20
5.2.5 Sensors: The Nervous System 21

5.2.6 Electronic Components 22
5.2.7 Controller 22
5.2.8 Items Container 23
6 ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS IN THE CIRCUIT 24
6.1 Flight Controller 25
6.2 Electronic Speed Control 26
6.3 Brushless Motor 27
6.4 Altimeter and Barometer 29
6.5 GPS Sensor 30
6.5.1 Satellite Networks 30
6.6 Power Module 31
6.7 UAV Ultrasonic Sensor 31
6.8 Optic Flow 32
6.9 Drone Photograph/Camera 33
6.10 Power Distributor Board 33

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CONCLUSION 35
REFERENCE 36
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LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE
1 The design of the drone 16
2 The brushless DC motor 18
3 Four blade propellers 19
4 The items container 23
5 Circuit of the drone using frizzing 24
6 ArduPilot Mega Board 25
7 Ilustration of ecs in the circuit created

by elprocus.com 26
8 ECS from amazon.com 27
9 920Kv Brushless DC Motor 28
10 Barometric Pressure Sensor - BMP085 Breakout 29
11 GPS module 30
12 power module 31
13 ultrasonic 32
14 optic flow 32
15 Example drone camera from idaptweb.com 33
16 Power Distributor Board 34
17 Top view of the drone 39
18 Side view of the drone 39
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LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX TITLE PAGE
A The drone’s model and 3-d design generated

by TinkerCad 27
B Meetings minute 28
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
The project that our group planning to implement is a delivery drone. The
components used in delivery drone is mostly same to the normal drone but the different
is the normal drone basically controlled by someone while the delivery drone is
improvised that control autonomously which is no human handling it. As we might
know, the drone is a flying unmanned aircraft technology that fly controlled by human
or fly autonomously by the software. The drone can make beneficial to human by
having the various functions such as recording something with 360 degrees view from
the sky, becoming guard security and delivering the items. In general, the concept of
drones has been taken from 1849 which is a war happened when Austria attacked
Venice by using unmanned balloons. From this basic concept giving idea to the human
to make the drones changed from illegal functions to the legal functions.
Besides, in the beginning of 1900s, the first quadcopters were implemented. At

the time, the copter was designed imaginatively. In addition, the created drone
nowadays is further in advanced cause at the early 1900s the flying aircraft achieve
only 0.6 meters and also sadly need the human energy to make it flying. This making
idea to the engineers for making a self-controlling drone that can fly as high as
possible. Then, after World War 1, in 1916 the first autonomous aircraft was built by
Archibald Low called Ruston Proctor Aerial Target. The pilotless aircraft used the
radio guidance system at that time. The concept of pilotless drone still make sense
nowadays cause it has more advantages than disadvantages. Furthermore, in 1937 the
term of drone firstly launching by developing Curtiss-N2C-2 drone. Besides, in 1930s
the first a remote controlled model aircraft was built by Reginald Denny and Walter
Righter. After that, in 1960s RC planes kit was built and sold at reasonable cost and
this attracted the enthusiasts to build and fly it for fun. This idea had been taken by
industry drones to grow the economic. In 1980 till 1989, alternative powers sources
which is solar power had been attracted attention by engineers. This had led
manufacturing AeroVironment HALSOL.

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Next, in 2000, in Afghanistan they launch a famous drone called Predator for
projectile and also finding Osama Bin Laden. During 1990s-2010, drone start to grow
and accepted by human until now. During the time, Raven drone was mostly used by
customers. In the early 2010s, a lot of customers used drone as a hobbyist and other
new functional drones start to be introduced such as delivery vehicles. In addition,
drone was added extra equipping like cameras. This is because the cameras are
commonly used in photography and videography. The graphic or view from the sky is
much beautiful. As for example, to make it a movie better in graphic, the director
commonly use drone with embedded cameras. Then, the advances drone allows us to
control speed of 4 or more rotors individually. This will improve the stability of the
drones to fly and can be used in number of ways.
Drone has been made improvising to delivery drone. Nowadays, there are
many countries in developing and enlarging the uses of delivery drone. The knowledge
or idea to build delivery drone in certain country is still less. In Malaysia, the uses of
delivery drone to deliver the items is still zero due to the government still depend on
the sending the items by human energy. There are many sending items’ companies in
Malaysia using human energy such as Pos Laju, Grabfood, Foodpanda, DHL and
Lalamove. Therefore, they think the delivery drone is no need in the country to send
the items. Otherwise, they should try using the delivery drone in sending items for
replacing or helping human’s energy.
In addition, all country also should invent and use the delivery drone like the
USA that currently introduced their delivery drone and firstly used by the consumers.
On October 2019, Wing company from US becoming the first in operating air delivery
service by drones to homes. The items that usually brought by delivery drone created
by Wing Company are packages, medication, snacks, and gifts and these will be
transported to the consumers in Christiansburg, Va. The Wing company helped FedEx
Express and Walgreens in sending the items to the customers by using drone. This
made a history to the World and also in America cause the Wing company was the
first company collaborated with other delivery services in US and sent items pilotless.

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CHAPTER 2
AIM OF MAKING THE DELIVERY DRONES
The objective implementing the delivery drones is to make it easy deliver items
to homes. The delivery drone that our project aims and target to the residents of
apartment, flat, townhouse and condo. This is because without the delivery drone it
will troublesome the customers and senders. As for example, the senders or the
customers will be forced to climb up or fall down the stairs for receiving and also
sending the items. This will impact their time to do other job. In addition, with the aid
of delivery drone it will reduce the senders’ job and also not disturbing the customers’
working time. Then, the speed of delivery drone also aids in sending the items as soon
as possible. The delivery drone also will send the items on time. Nowadays, customers
often complain the item received lately. Therefore, the delivery drones should be used
by delivery services.
The implementing of delivery drones also to save the energy. Mostly delivery
drone uses the rechargeable battery to move the rotors. The rechargeable battery is
renewable energy that can be used for long-lasting. Some others drone uses solar
energy in charging their drones. This will reduce the uses of non-renewable energy
such as fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. This is because sending item by
using vehicles like motorcycles, cars, vans and also lorries will spend a lot of non-
renewable energy. Besides, it will also save human’s energy. This is because the
customers and senders do not waste their energy when taking or sending the items
especially for the residents of apartment, flat and condo at high floor.
Next, the aim to implement the delivery drone is growing up economic. This
is because the invention of delivery drone will provide the market to other country.
This will enlarge and increase up the national’s currency. In addition, the invention of
delivery drone developing the national’s science and technology industry. Then, the
country with delivery drone technology attracts the attention of businessman to invest
the money. The delivery drone aid in growing up economic.

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Then, the objective implementing delivery drone also for environmental-

friendly. This is because the delivery drone uses renewable energy that does not release
out the harmful substances to the environment. The renewable energy like battery or
solar used by the delivery drone will not affect the condition of air surrounding.
Otherwise, the uses of vehicles that have combustion of fuel in sending the items to
somewhere will affect the environment surrounding. As for example, the uses of cars,
vans, motorcycles, and lorry may cause the air pollution. This is because those vehicles
exhaling out smoke from combustion of fuel that contain harmful substances such as
carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide that harm to human. Therefore, the implementing
of delivery drone will reduce the air pollution and make air surrounding clean.
Furthermore, the traffic congestion will be reduced if the delivery drone is

manufactured. Nowadays, the traffic congestion becoming serious due to a lot of
vehicles use the road to a destination. In addition, a lot of delivery company services
use the land vehicles to send the items to the customers that make the road becoming
busier. Therefore, we should use the delivery drone to reduce the traffic jam. This is
because delivery drone use through air to send customers’ item. This will give more
benefits as air road do not busy as land road. The choice of air road by delivery drone
will speed up the time in sending items compared to vehicles on the land. Hence, the
faster sending items, the more economic growth.
Lastly, in 2019 till now all country is infected with the new virus which is
Corona Virus named as Covid-19. The increasing of the death cases makes all country
taking a careful care to prevent from infection of Corona Virus. In addition, all country
took an action such as keep the social distance. So, what is our planning is to
implement the delivery drone that keep the distance away from others. This is because
the delivery drone sending items to customer’s home autonomously without pilot.
Otherwise, if we are using the vehicles with the pilot in sending items, then it will tend
to touched each other. Therefore, the risk to be infected by Corona Virus is becoming
high. In addition, delivery drone also can be used to send the vaccines to hospitals.
Hence, delivery drone is very useful during Covid-19.

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CHAPTER 3
DELIVERY DRONE AS THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
3.1 Goal 8: Decent work and economic growth
By implementing industry of delivery drone, it will give a chance to people get

a job suitable with their qualification. This is because refer to the International Labor
Organization, there were 204 million people have no job in 2015. In Malaysia also, the
fresh graduated students have no job that will increase up the poverty among the
people. Therefore, the creation of delivery drone gave the ideas to others to enlarge the
manufacturing of delivery drone and also enlarge this industry to create this type of
drone more and more for future. The intake of people in this industry will aid providing
sustained economic growth, productivity in higher levels and innovative in
technologies.
3.2 Goal 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructures
The investment innovation of delivery drone will drive up the economic growth and
development. In addition, the innovation of drone to be used in various function such
as delivery drone promoted the efficiency of working. As the delivery drone send items
in faster compared to vehicles on the land. This technology of drone is a key to
maintain both economic and environmental problems. As for example, it promotes the
efficiency of energy. Then, it also promotes sustainable industries, innovation and
investing by referring to scientific research. Therefore, those will facilitate in
sustainable development.

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3.3 Goal 10: Sustainable Cities and Communities
The sustainable development will not be achieved without changing the urban spaces
into the smart cities. Hence, the investment of delivery drone in cities will promote the
cities to become sustainable. This is because delivery drone has more advantages to
people and also environment in cities. By using the delivery drone instead of vehicles
such as cars or motorcycles, it will reduce the air pollution around the cities and also
reduce the illness of human towards the polluted air. Therefore, we should use delivery
drone as it promotes green environment.

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CHAPTER 4
THE DRONE
4.1 Target market
Introduce delivery drone for E-commerce businesses. E-commerce like Lazada,

Shopee and Carousel should have delivery system designed to get packages to the
customer in less than 30 minutes. The deliver drone helps to cut last miles deliver time
and minimize the cost associated with it. As the delivery drone services market
expands overtime, it is anticipated that the trend of outsourcing delivery service by E-
commerce businesses to other businesses that own and operates a drone fleet.
Introduce delivery drone for restaurants. The logistics of delivery food to customers
in their home have always represented a significant problem for restaurant owners.
The cost are high and variable workloads makes it difficult to pre-plan staffing levels.
One solution to getting food into the homes of customers could be the introduction of
restaurant delivery drone. The legislation will catch up to make restaurant delivery
drone a simpler way to deliver food for many restaurants as well as opening home
delivery to many restaurants who have never tried it before.
4.2 Possible cost for delivery drone system
Drones range in cost can be above RM1000 depends on its design. It also has to
consider a for software and maintenance. The future price of drones is likely to decline
due to economies of scale in drone production as their commercial use grows. There
are additional drone expenses that need to be addressed such as setting up and
operating drone delivery stations, investing in research and development and lobbying
by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Other costs include buildings and land
associated with drone stations, computers and software control systems for drone

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flights, on-site computer technicians and drone monitors, robotic maintenance

engineers and on-site drone upgrades, energy costs for building service, logistics
management team to handle drone activities, possible insurance and legal costs, and
potential air and or radio frequency rights for drones and the others. There is also a
possible legal cost in any of the following situations like drones are found operating in
illegal airspace, drones are shot down by civilians, drones land in an unauthorised area.
4.3 How does drone delivery work?
After the customer make a purchase an autonomous drone delivery network will work
like this:
 The shipments arrive from outside the city limits.
 They are sorted automatically at existing facilities (hubs, warehouses, cross-

docking sites) based on specific criteria such as size, weight, and time critical.
 Each drone automatically picks up assigned shipments and takes off.
 The end customers equipped with an app, get alerts when the drone is nearby.
 The drone uses GPS data from the customer’s smartphone to identify the
location and make delivery direct to the customer location.
 The drone safely and precisely delivers its contents by lowering a tether, while
the drone is suspended in the air.
 The parcel is successfully delivered
 In case of returns, it picks the package up right from the first mile of the
customer.
 The drone is going back to the hub
Drones have GPS and flight computers installed on their software. With this, the drone
communicates its location to the time stamp server. When this information is received
by the server, it is forwarded to the external notification system to send updates to the

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customer. This way, the deliver and customer will always know where your delivery
is going.
4.4 Benefits of drone delivery service
Since the declaration of a pandemic, local officials have asked residents to keep a
healthy distance and to restrict exposure to the virus. This significantly impacted the
food and package distribution systems since it could be a potential factor of
contamination. The use of commercial drones is encouraging as most of the
commercial drones can be updated with payload drop mechanism and used for package
deliveries without risking both parties. The drone distribution system is especially
relevant in areas where the existence of the virus is imminent, such as hospitals that
actively manage the virus.
Drones are an environmentally-friendly delivery choice. They run batteries and

eliminate the use of degenerative fuels and the creation of carbon emissions. On the
other hand, when your pack leaves the warehouse, it spends most of its time on the
road. The transport used to deliver this package emits fossil duels that are used for
energy. These fossil fuels are harmful to the atmosphere.
The other advantage is the safety and speed at which the packages are shipped.
Since drones don't have to face road traffic and long land routes, drone deliveries are
big time-savings. Drivers bringing packages to the consumer's home assume a level of
risk due to their road-based activities. There is always a chance that they might be
involved in an accident, run out of fuel, or encounter delays due to road construction.
Delivery workers are often exposed to hazardous conditions, such as slippery stairway
steps. Delivery drones create a more stable delivery system because they eliminate all
of these variables from the equation. Through using a drone, people can only
concentrate on order fulfilment and customer service as drones deliver the items.
Next is increase the accuracy of the deliver products. Delivery drones are more
efficient when delivering products to the right recipient. They have a higher accuracy
rate on delivering materials to the right recipient than a human. Incidents of wrong
recipients can significantly lessen. Thanks to GPS technology, delivery drones could

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automatically navigate to a specific address when the product is ordered by the

customer. This technology has a higher performance rate compared to humans when
performing the same tasks.
Drone delivery also can increase job opportunity. When delivery drone is
introduced, it provides more opportunity to others as it needs more observer for the
tracking of the delivery drone. This will help in reducing the amount of unemployment
in Malaysia. Thus, it helps to increase the economic development of Malaysia.
4.5 The disadvantages of delivery drone
The effect of the battery. It requires an improvement in battery technologies to be

effective. The power requirements of the average delivery drone could lead to a loss
of power in 20 minutes or less. This does not provide enough flying time to get the
package to its intended destination or get the drone back to the headquarters of the
company. If the delivery drone fails to perform its duty to the consumer, there will be
a rise in customer complaints, product prices and insurance premiums. If you couldn't
get back to the business, you'd still have the logistics of replacing or locating missing
drones.
There is a possibility that drones may be stolen. It does not take a lot of expertise
to detach the power system from a delivery drone. This risk is another issue that
businesses must face if they want to follow this express delivery option. Anyone can
uninstall the equipment at any time by purchasing a small product from their favourite
e-commerce website. If this action has taken place, it may be a struggle for the business
to have some means of recovering their land. Regulations and regulations are likely to
require an update to mitigate this danger if this service is going to become a reality.
Delivery drones are offering a privacy risk that we need to consider. One of the
ways that this delivery system will possibly provide drone delivery services is with the
use of a camera. Streaming video to the company's headquarters will allow managers
to know if distribution has been completed successfully. This technology could help
to reduce the risk of theft in the future as well. The problem with a drone camera is
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that you can pick up a video of people and assets that are not connected to the
transaction. There would be no consent given by the people who are caught in this
stream. An overhaul of the laws and regulations will also have to be implemented here.
Another downside for drones is their weight and distance limitations. This method
of delivery can only be used for smaller, lighter items shipped over small areas. Drone
is generally a small device. So, the drone can only hold an item depending on the
weight of the thing. It would be a concern if the parcel was too large, then the drone
would not be able to achieve its capabilities. Distance also plays a part in this case. If
the address is too far away, the drone will be out of range. Therefore, the item cannot
be shipped.
Noise emissions may be a matter of concern. This isn't a major problem right now,
since there aren't that many drones in use in any given place. But, as drone delivery
becomes more common, noise can become a problem that needs to be addressed.
4.6 Future recommendation
These pros and cons delivery drones are still hypothetical at this point because the
technologies we use for this logistics option are still under development. This choice
could, in the future, become the regular express delivery service for customers who
shop online. It might be an idea that's less than five years away from being a reality. If
we can learn from our mistakes when continuing to finance research and development
products, more businesses will be thinking about implementing a service in the future.
Enlarge the Scope of the Delivery. The usage of the drone should not be only for
dosage delivery, but it should be widened for international shipping, here would no
longer be a need for airplanes to transport some goods, delivery trucks to offer home
delivery, and other fossil fuel costs because warehouses would be conveniently located
in most urban areas. That reduces the price of shipping and handling because there are
fewer logistics to complete.
Increase the Capacity of the drone. Increase the capacity is by increasing the power
and the endurance of the drones, so then it could carry and deliver not only small
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amount or small size of products but then it may could deliver a larger size of box and
more than 50 kg weighed products.
Add Artificial Intelligence (AI). Artificial intelligence (or AI) is software that is
able to use and analyze data, algorithms and programming to perform actions,
anticipate problems and learn to adapt to a variety of circumstances with and without
supervision. This usage of AI could help the drone to operate without human
observation in any circumstances. This may help during the technical problem.
The solution for the accelerated and more efficient roll-out of Prime Air and other
drone services would be to circumvent the nasty, cumbersome, costly grid
infrastructure and use solar power. Through using light solar cells to refuel drones on-
the-go, they would be able to fly non-stop for longer periods of time. These solar-
powered drones would need less maintenance, longer battery life, and less will be
required since drone hubs can be installed anywhere at any time. Solar-powered drone
deployment is getting simpler and quicker, making it more responsive to consumer
demands. Taken one step further, the deployment of solar-powered drones will also
contribute to a surge in services.
4.7 Maintenance of Delivery Drone
Delivery staff should always check the battery before using a drone. This is because
the use of the drone battery is very strong. In order to ensure that the item can be
shipped to the customer, the worker should first check the amount of the battery as the
drone can go and back to the hub safely.
Inspect the drone features before and after the system has been used. It's because to
make sure the drone is ready to use, and if any bugs are found, it can be resolved
immediately. This move will ensure that the drone is still in a good condition.
Monitor the delivery drone in a disciplined manner and treat the delivery drone with
care as your personal property. Drone can be called a sensitive vehicle since there are
pieces that are really important to take care of. If the drone is handled nicely, it can be
long-lasting.
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Document all the activities that were added to the drone. From this information,
engineers will know which components of drones have been in use for a long time and
can be replaced by a new one. So, with good components, it can work efficiently.
Check the right customer, the right product, and the right location before delivering
the materials. The item will be delivered successfully if the drone is assigned to the
right place. The customer will satisfy with the service and will not complain about it.
Alert to the engineers if drone malfunctions are observed. It is really necessary

to prevent the drone from not functioning when transporting the item because there are
some issues like the drone is already travel for a lot of distances and reach the abilities
itself. The engineers can repair or create a new one if the drone is completely out of
place.
Often keep track of drones when transporting commodities. The tracker will still
know what the drone is doing. For example, if it's unexpectedly lost on track, the
worker will see where the last point of the drone was. As a consequence, the ability of
drones to lose is poor.
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CHAPTER 5
MATERIAL AND DESIGN
5.1 The Theory
Generally, drones or also known as unmanned aerial vehicle (UAVs) which take flight
without any human onboard, instead are being controlled autonomously via a computer
program or even being controlled by a person on the ground using the controller.
Despite it is known as some kind of a toy, it is actually very well-known and are
becoming greatly popular. Initially it is used as a war aircraft and serving military
purpose and recently got hyped up and are being used for everything from wildlife and
atmospheric exploration research to monitoring disaster and sport photography and
even become a popular hobby among the community.
In this section, the materials that are chosen to manufacture the drone are explained as
well as explaining the designing stage of the project. The materials that are being used
in the making of the drone is very important and by examining the way it is designed,
we can understand better on how important the advanced technology in developing the
materials while we are marching towards the modern world focusing on the Industrial
Revolution 4.0.
In the designing and manufacturing stage it is best to keep in mind that the drone is a
flying object that require upward thrust to be able to take off the land. Hence it is best
and ideal to design the drone in a better well-suited design as well as choosing the best
material so the drone would not be too heavy yet so strong. The drone needs to be as
light as possible in order to be able to fly and also because the project is not solely
emphasizing the manufacturing of a drone but also to design a drone that are used in
delivery; hence the body need to be light but also strong and sturdy in order to hold
the item and transport it from one place to another.
As for the shape of flying unmanned aerial vehicle, like most of the flying aircraft such
as airplane and helicopters, the design is mainly optimising the shape of the vehicle to
be aerodynamics in order to minimize the air resistance that the drone going to
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experience. Other than that, designing a smooth, low drag shape on the flying object
is rather crucial to obtain that aerodynamics as well as the provide good stability,
control, and handling qualities when the drone are being controlled. This feature is
very important to ensure a safe, smooth delivery experience as well as maintaining the
original condition of the items onboard. As stated before, in order the drone to be able
to take flight, the drone must generate enough energy and upward thrust to overcome
the total weight. Hence, the selection of materials is important to minimise the drone’s
total mass.
5.2 Part by Part Component
To have a closer and detailed look at the drone design and component, it is best to
break it part by part. Drone is a complex device that integrate different of components
working together and of course each component serve a different function. Hence
different materials are to be selected to build a certain part.
There are several important parts that can be break apart to explain the design better.
Such as the frame of the drone, the motors and propellers that produce the upward
thrust, the batteries which provide electrical energy to the drone, and sensors which
play a biggest role as the drone nervous system.
5.2.1 The Frame
The frame is important in the manufacturing the drone because it give the drone its
shape and design and holds all the components of the subsystem in place. Since the
frame serves a mechanical functionality, the most crucial part to be consider is to build
it using a material with strong and high durability properties. Not just that, the frame
also serves as an aesthetic value for the drone to look good as well as maintaining the
functionality.
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Particularly, in this project, the drone is expected to be able to carry an item with the
mass of at least 5 kilograms. Hence, to suit the purpose, it is best to use the
thermoplastic such as nylon, polyester, polystyrene because not only it is incredibly
strong but also very light. Furthermore, it is known to be a popular choice in the
manufacturing industry because of its affordability and inexpensive to produce it into
a complex shape using the injection moulding process.
Figure 1 The design of the drone
The design of the drone in particular has six motors to provide efficient and powerful
upward thrust to the drone in order to be able to transport the items. The six motors
design is commonly known as “hexacopter” and commonly used in many fields
serving the industrial properties like photography.
Thermoplastics offer incredible strength while being low in density which makes it
suitable as a building parts of the drone, especially the frame. It is worth mentioning
that the thermoplastics light weight with density of range from 9 to 2 gm/cc. in
addition, most of the thermoplastics are available in filaments that can be used in 3D
printing some custom parts in the manufacturing process.
Moreover, thermoplastic is very durable towards temperature, so it is suitable to act as

a mounting for the component like batteries and motors because at some point, the
components produce heat, hence a good thermal resistant material is needed.
Since the drone are focused more on its industrial usage as a delivery drone, the
commercial aspect is to be put aside in order to make the drone more affordable and
prioritising the performance to the fullest.
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In the market right now, the most suitable thermoplastic to be used in the
manufacturing of the drone is the carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) to
guarantee the high durability and performance of the drone frame. It is well known as
carbon polymer or carbon composite among the manufacturers because of its
properties of having extremely high strength while having low density and proper
stiffness which important in maintaining the shape of the object. It is among the best
materials in manufacturing a project that requires a strong material yet having a low-
density despite of it being relatively expensive.
In addition, it is highly resistant of the temperature making it the best material to be

used as the frame because as mentioned earlier, some of the components in the drone
can produce heat while operating. This property is very important to prevent the drone
body to melt away if the drone were to overheat because of overusing of the drone.
In conclusion, the body or frame of the drone is made of the thermoplastic which is
the carbon fibre-reinforced polymer or (CRFP) to maintain a very low density to the
drone at the same time promote rigidity and stiffness as well as strength to the product
as well as being heat resistant to prevent it from melting away.
5.2.2 Motors and Propellers
Since drones are flying objects, hence it needs a source of upward thrust to be able to
get off the ground. In order to produce such thrust, the drone need to be occupied with
motors and propellers. Normally, the motors used are usually small direct current (DC)
motors. The motors itself are small to reduces the drone weight and yet provide enough
power to uplift the drone and the item that are being delivered.
The DC motors used, have small permanent magnets that are made of iron and copper
or cobalt alloys. The significances of using alloys as the material of producing the
motors is because alloys are relatively smaller and lighter compared to other resources.
However, during flight, motors produced heat over times so a very good heat
conductivity material such as aluminium are used to absorb the heat away and helps in
cooling down the component.
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Figure 2 The brushless DC motor
As for the type of the motors, there are mainly two type of motors that are commonly
used in the drone manufacturing but the one that the team decide to use is the brushless
motor. The reason of choosing the brushless type is because the motor is more efficient
compared to the brushed motor in term of energy consumption because the resistant is
lower. In addition, the brushless motor lasts longer compared to the brushed motor as
it has no brush to wear out. Moreover, the brushless motors provide a better thrust to
weight ratio which can score up to 13:1 weight to thrust ratio, and for the hexacopter
it is theoretically enough thrust to lift up average food products.
Moving on to the propellers, without a proper propeller design, the motors serve
nothing in providing thrust for to the drone. Basically, propeller is a component that
convert rotary motion generated by the motor into upward thrust. The way the
propellers create the thrust is by creating an air flow when it spins resulting the
difference in pressure between the top and the bottom surfaces of the propellers. The
phenomena create an acceleration of a mass of air from the environment in one
direction which in this case the air accelerate downward creating an upward thrust
providing lift which counteracts the force of the gravity.
For drones which has multirotor like the hexacopter itself, the propellers are arranged
in pairs to create a balance when the propellers spinning counteracts to one another.
This feature allows the drone to hover sturdily, descend, ascend, and glide across the
air space smoothly.
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Figure 3 four blade propellers
In terms of the shape and the size of the propellers, the shorter propellers required less
energy to get up to a certain speed due to its lower inertia however along and wide
propellers produce a lot more force and lift due to its larger surface area. However,
longer propellers required significantly larger motor power because of its inertia and
slightly bigger weight.
When it comes to delivery drone, the main point is the ability of the drone to transport
an item from one place to another with great stability to ensure a perfect of the
delivered item. Hence, a longer and small pitch propeller is suitable because it provides
stability to the drone as well as larger upward lift rather than bursting the speed.
All in all, the motors that the drone going to feature is the brushless DC motor which
provide great rotor power and it is guaranteed to be long lasting also very well known
for its efficient power consumption. Other than that, the propellers that are chosen to
be featured in the manufacturing of the drone is the longer propellers with small
pitch as is perform well among the heavy-lifter drone because it provides a great
stability as well as creating a larger force which is an important feature for a delivery
drone to lift various items.
5.2.3 Batteries
Of all the components in a drone, battery is one of the most important key components
to look up to. A multirotor drone like the hexacopter need a great electric source to
power up the system and to prolong the flight time. It is very important as the delivery
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drone is used as an industrial service, hence the flight time and the recharge period of
the battery are to be taken seriously. Most of the time, the battery performance can be
determine based on its weight.
However, the modern technology has come up with a better solution which is the
Lithium Polymer battery or also known as the LiPo battery which provide longer flight
time while weighting less and having great flexibility. This is due to the chemical
composition of the battery that allow higher capacities and higher discharge rate.
In addition, it is also one of those rechargeable batteries which comes in handy in

cutting the cost of replacing the batteries each time it run out of power. But the truth
to be told is unlike other rechargeable batteries such as the well-known Lithium-ion
battery, the LiPo battery hardly discharge on its own, hence they can store the charge
up to one to two month and still be ready for flight.
Hence, the battery that is featured in the drone is the Lithium Polymer battery or the
LiPo battery as it provides better charging and discharging rate and weight less. Also,
it is good at preserving the voltage of the battery meaning a fully charged battery can
be stored for up to several months and still can power the drone at any time making it
convenient for the project purpose.
5.2.4 The Landing Gear
The landing gear as the name suggest is a part of a drone that is very useful when it is
about to take off and landing. This component is important as it provide support while
taking off and to ensure a safe landing to the drone. choosing the right material is very
important when we about to manufacture the landing gear as we must bear in mind
that the material need to be strong but also weight less. Hence, the landing gear is made
off aluminium as it is strong and weight less but at the same time it gives support to
the drone and balance out the centre gravity of the drone. the landing gear is designed
to be broad at the bottom part to ensure large area so the drone would experience less
impact while landing and give extra support while taking off. In case of the delivery
drone, this component also helps in mounting the item container.
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5.2.5 Sensors: The Nervous System
Since hexacopter as the name suggest consists of six motors that provide certain thrust
power to balance out the drone during flight. Since it is focusing on delicate balancing
during flight, even if one motor provides slightly more power than others would bring
about the imbalance to the drone causing it to tilt or even flip on air. As how the human
body uses a complex nervous system to keep the balance while doing activities, the
drone too has their own sensors network that work similarly to the human body to keep
the balance during flight.
One the sensors used in the drone nervous system is accelerometer. Accelerometers
are used to sense the drone position and the movement of the drone. This sensor is
very important in maintaining the flight control as it helps is stabilising the drone by
determining the orientation of the drone. The feature is very important to keep the
drone flying on a correct orientation as well as preventing the drone from flipping over
while on air.
Next, one of the most important sensors in drone is the Inertial Measurement Units
which combined with the Global Positioning System (GPS) because it maintains the
direction and the position of the drone, hence provide stability to the drone while
flying. Basically, the Inertial Measurement Units sense changes in the direction and
position of the drone and transfer the data to the main processor.
The most crucial sensor in the drone nervous system is the tilt sensor. This sensor
combines multiple sensors such as gyroscopic sensors and accelerometers. This sensor
senses the level and altitude of the drone then provide input to the main processor
system in order to maintain the stable hover flight. As a delivery drone, this feature is
very important because it helps in maintaining the stability of the drone which is very
crucial in delivery of fragile goods.
In most electronic devices, it is important to monitor the power consumption. In

drones, the current sensors are used to monitor the current and power usage of the
drone. it also helps in optimizing the power drain and ensure safe charging of the
internal battery to prevent any damage in the system.
Most of the advanced drones available nowadays are equipped with Light Detection
and Ranging sensor or (LiDAR) sensor which measure the reflection time of a pulse
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laser emitted by the sensor to navigate and locate obstacle for collision prevention
purpose. This sensor also helps in mapping and imaging surrounding environment for
a safe flight and helps in providing a more precise location control.
5.2.6 Electronic Components
Since drones are an electronic device, it is impossible that it does not consist of any
electronic components. One of the important in drones that help the drone in
maintaining the balance and stability during flight is the Electronic Speed Control
(ESC). Electronic Speed Control is a component that works independently on each of
the drone. the significance of this components is to control the speed of the electric
motor by controlling the amount of the charges supplied to the motors. By doing so, it
allows the drone to be controlled by a person on land.
Other than that, the drone also consists of a power distributor board (PDB). It
distributes the energy supplied by the battery throughout the electronic components in
the framework through the distribution cable.
5.2.7 Controller
Although the drones are able to fly without human onboard, it still need human to
operate by controlling it from the ground. A drone can be controlled by a controller
that works by sending a radio signal to the receiver in the drone to tell the drone what
to do. Usually, the drone remote controller has a screen monitor to receive the image
and video that are being recorded by the camera attached on the drone to help
navigating and piloting process better.
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5.2.8 Items Container
Since the delivery drone are to serve a delivery services, the drone needs a
compartment to place the items. The most important thing to keep in mind while
designing and manufacturing the container is that the container cannot be too
overweight because if that the case, the hexacopter needs more thrust to lift it. Hence
a material that is light yet strong is needed. The best material for the container is the
thermoplastics such as the carbon fibre-reinforced polymer because it is not only light
weight but also sturdy and strong. The container is mounted on the landing gear of the
drone since it is the best placement for it and it can balance out the centre of gravity of
the drone.
Figure 4 the items container
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CHAPTER 6
ELECTRONIC COMPONENT IN THE CIRCUIT
Basically, the electronic component is a very important part for the production of any
devices in this world, in this case, the drone. This electronic device is like the brain for
the drone to functioning well and makes the device work. The features of each
component uses for the drone have their own functions and their needs in order to
create and produce the best drone in this project. The component selection considers
various aspects in terms of functionality, features, price and advantages,
disadvantages, reliability and strength. This is to ensure that the product produced can
work well and can be used for another 10 to 20 years in the future. This electric
component is connected in the circuit by soldering to avoid the component to be lost
or detached from the board. Therefore, we consider as the stated aspects to produce a
good and environmentally friendly drone. with the dumping of electronic component
creation from time to time, we are choosing the module in every component for the
drone functioning smoothly and smartly.
Figure 5: Circuit of the drone using frizzing
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6.1 Flight Controller
Flight controller is basically the main component needed for drone. It is like a brain
for the drone. Flight controller (FC) abbreviated has a ton of different sensor on it to
allow FC algorithms and flight stabilization algorithms. FC control every single motor
by sending output to speed controllers and then speed controllers send ouput to the
motors and all of the process happening thousands of times of seconds to keep our
craft in the air and level all the times.There is a long of flight controller board out there
and this project are using ArduPillot Mega Board(APM). For definition, “ArduPilot
Mega is a fully programmable autopilot that requires a GPS module and sensors (IMU
sensor shield available from DIY Drones) to create a functioning Unmanned Aerial
Vehicle (UAV). The autopilot handles both stabilization and navigation, eliminating
the need for a separate stabilization system. It also supports a "fly-by-wire" mode that
can stabilize an aircraft when flying manually under RC control, making it easier and
safer to fly. The hardware and software is all open source. The board comes with all
the surface-mount parts already soldered, but requires the user to solder on connectors.
RC processing firmware is already loaded, but the autopilot software must be
downloaded and loaded onto the board by the user. It can be programmed with the
Arduino IDE.” This flight control with the help of gyroscopic sensor and
accelerometer can control ups and downs level of the drone to easily send the parcel
with our common problem during this pandemic which is at condominium or
apartment.
Figure 6 ArduPilot Mega Board
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6.2 Electronic Speed Control
Based on Wikipedia, Electronic Speed Control (ECS) is an electronic circuit that

controls and regulates the speed of an electric motor to maintain and keep the craft in
the air. It may also provide reversing of the motor and dynamic braking. Miniature
electronic speed controls are used in electrically powered radio-controlled models.
Full-size electric vehicles also have systems to control the speed of their drive motors.
As we probably are aware, an ESC controls the speed of the engines turn of a plane. It
helps a comparable reason as the choke servo of a sparkle-controlled plane. It is an
edge between the radio beneficiary of a plane and the force plant. Electronic speed
control will have 3-sets of wires. One wire will plug into the fundamental battery of a
plane. The subsequent wire will have an average servo wire that connects to the
collector's choke channel. Furthermore, in conclusion, 33% of wire is utilized for
controlling the engine. The primary highlights of an electronic speed control
incorporate battery eliminator circuit, low voltage cut off, and break. For this project
we are choosing ECS to make the motor of propellers synchronized all the time.
Figure 7 Ilustration of ecs in the circuit created by elprocus.com
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Figure 8: ECS from amazon.com
6.3 Brushless Motor
Based on Wikipedia, A brushless DC electric motor (BLDC motor or BL motor), also

known as electronically commutated motor (ECM or EC motor) and synchronous DC
motors, are synchronous motors powered by direct current (DC) electricity via an
inverter or switching power supply which produces electricity in the form of
alternating current (AC) to drive each phase of the motor via a closed loop controller.
The controller provides pulses of current to the motor windings that control the speed
and torque of the motor. This control system replaces the commutator (brushes) used
in many conventional electric motors.
The construction of a brushless motor system is typically similar to a permanent

magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), but can also be a switched reluctance motor, or
an induction (asynchronous) motor. They may also use neodymium magnets and be
outrunners (the stator is surrounded by the rotor), inrunners (the rotor is surrounded by
the stator), or axial (the rotor and stator are flat and parallel).
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The advantages of a brushless motor over brushed motors are high power-to-weight
ratio, high speed, electronic control, and low maintenance. Brushless motors find
applications in such places as computer peripherals (disk drives, printers), hand-held
power tools, and vehicles ranging from model aircraft to automobiles. In modern
washing machines, brushless DC motors have allowed replacement of rubber belts and
gearboxes by a direct-drive design.
Realizing the Kv rating of an engine is useful to figure out which engine has a place
where airplane. A FPV hustling quad, for instance, requires high rpm for fast, so you
would utilize a high Kv engine and a little measurement prop. Then again, you would
utilize a lower Kv engine in a substantial lift multirotor on the grounds that you need
to turn a huge prop at lower rpm and get high force.
So that, the model for brushless motor is 920Kv Brushless DC Motor is a Brushless
DC electric motor (BLDC motors, BL motors) also known as electronically
commutated motors (ECMs, EC motors) are synchronous motors that are powered by
a DC electric source via an integrated inverter switching power supply, which
produces an AC electric signal to drive the motor. This motor consist of 920 rpm/v
with Max Power and Max Thrust are : 370W and 1200 grams respectively.
Figure 9:920Kv Brushless DC Motor
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6.4 Altimeter and Barometer
A Barometer is a pressing factor sensor that you use to gauge the airplanes elevation.
These pressing factor sensors are delicate to the point that they can identify the
adjustment in gaseous tension when your robot moves a couple of centimetres while
altimeter is sensor to measure altitude above fixed level. As this BMP085 can do both
functions, we are using this sensor for our project. BMP085 Barometric Pressure
Sensor is a board with precision sensor from Bosch is the best low-cost sensing
solution for measuring barometric pressure and temperature. The BMP085 is a high-
precision, ultra-low power barometric pressure sensor. It offers a measuring range of
300 to 1100 hPa with an absolute accuracy of down to 0.03 hPa. The BMP085 is based
on piezo-resistive technology for EMC robustness, high accuracy and linearity as well
as long term stability. Because pressure changes with altitude you can also use it as an
altimeter! The sensor is soldered onto a PCB with a filter capacitor and two pull-up
resistors on the I2C pins.
Specification of BMP085 Barometric Pressure Sensor
 Vin: 3 to 5VDC
 Logic: 3 to 5V compliant
 I2C 7-bit address 0x77
 Pressure sensing range: 300-1100 hPa (9000m to -500m above sea level)
 Up to 0.03hPa / 0.25m resolution
 -40 to +85°C operational range, +-2°C temperature accuracy
Figure 10:Barometric Pressure Sensor - BMP085 Breakout
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6.5 GPS Sensor
A GPS module measures your drone location by measuring how long a signal takes to
travel from a satellite. A GPS module is also able to give an estimation of your drone’s
altitude. However, GPS modules are rather inaccurate and will only give you a position
to within 5m. However as discussed before, by combining measurements from other
sensors the flight controller can get a better picture of what the drone is doing. The
main feature used by the GPS module is that you can autonomously fly your drone to
waypoints, so your drone can potentially fly on its own from take-off to landing. GPS
also use to locate the customer’s location by the help of satellite. So that, this drone
can fly safely to the destination as it helps the drone to maintain the direction and
direction of the drone, hence provide stability to the drone while flying. By the help
by other sensor, this GPS module are useful to flying further away from control station.
By this project, the GPS module are mounting at the top of the drone with flight
controller board to easily receive the signal from the satellite.
Figure 11: GPS module
6.5.1 Satellite Networks
Recently there are mode GPS modules that are abe to communicate on more than on
GPS network such as the Russian GLONASS network. This just means that your GPS
receiver can receive and interact with more satellite signals which improves the
reliability and performance. The nice thing is that they are not much more expensive.
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6.6 Power Module
Since your autopilot is a delicate electronic gadget, it’s significant that it gets a perfect
force supply. A power module is utilized to change over the battery voltage from your
robot battery down to a low voltage that your autopilot utilizes (frequently 5v). In any
case, the other advantage of utilizing a power module is that it enables you to quantify
your battery voltage and limit. This is valuable since, in such a case that your flight
regulator can gauge the battery it knows when your battery is coming up short so it
can caution you to land. Other autopilot frameworks additionally have some safeguard
capacities work in which will consequently dominate and bring your robot back home
when the battery level gets excessively low.
Figure 12:power module
6.7 UAV Ultrasonic Sensor
MaxBotix’s state-of-the-art UAV ultrasonic sensors are proven to give you the best
results and value for your UAV and a wide variety of applications. This are some of
the benefits our UAV ultrasonic sensors have to offer with 1cm resolution,42kHz
ultrasonic sensor to measures distance to objects, RoHS Compliant can operates from
3.0-5.5V, maximum range of sense between 765 cm (300 inches) and 1068 cm (420
inches),real-time automatic calibration consist of voltage, humidity, ambient noise,
and virtually no dead zone which able to senseobjects closer than 20 cm range as 20
cm
Ultrasonic sensors emit sound waves which then travel through air and reflects through
the object which is then received by the receiver. The total traveling time is then
recorded, and with that, you can calculate the actual distance between the sensor and
the object, in this case, the ground or other obstacles. Most UAVs use the ultrasonic
sensors on the bottom of the drone for detecting ground and also for use in terrain-
following which is allow the drone to automatically adjust the altitude during grid
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flights dependent on current rise utilizing a some resilience level.Drone proximity

sensors offer the best anti-collision system which minimize the amount of crashes in
the air. It is easy to fly your UAV or drone into obstacles when losing concentration
or control. Autonomous applications will rely heavily on obstacle avoidance and anti-
collision as they are the main factor for this project to avoid any collision and incident
in the air as the drone will widely use for a few 5 or 10 years later.
Figure 13: ultrasonic
6.8 Optic Flow
When flying indoors or at low connectivity places such as through the thick tree, its
not always possible to obtain a reliable GPS signal. By using an optic flow sensor
facing downwards it is possible to help maintain position if you are flying over a
suitable textured environment. Currently optic flow is still an experimental feature for
most DIY drone autopilots. it is very helpful for these drones when they want to deliver
the parcel in rural areas and low connectivity to avoid the drone from losing control
and will make the drone more stable when faced with such problems
Figure 14: optic flow
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6.9 Drone Photograph/Camera
The camera on this drone facilitates the control station to ensure that the drone is in a
safe position while in the air and ensures that the drone successfully reaches its
destination by recording audio and video from the begining. it also makes it easy for
piloting and navigating the drone.This cameras come with this first person view (FPP)
mode can also see from a view that is difficult for humans to do. so the function of this
camera is to record the journey from the beginning to the destination as proof that the
parcel are delivered well and can avoid any problems such as the parcel do not arrive
and can ensure the drone is safe.this camera alse make the drones can be searched and
detected if the drone disappears from the radar. The camera can also record the
condition of the goods while in the air and the control station can receive updates from
the drone from time to time. Next, it provided with notification output which will
provide info directly to the control station if there is a problem that occurs in the air.
The installation of this camera is on the front and the container to ensure the drone and
parcel are safe in the air.
Figure 15:Example drone camera from idaptweb.com
6.10 Power Distributor Board
Based on Wikipedia, A distribution board (also known as panelboard, breaker

panel, or electric panel) is a component of an electricity supply system that divides
an electrical power feed into subsidiary circuits, Basically it distribute the power and
energy supplies from battery in the framework to all the electronic component by wire
connector. Its also provides the protective fuse or circuit breaker to protect the devices
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from overpower or overload by interruoted current flow in the circuit when the fuse
detected the error or faulty.
Figure 16: Power Distributor Board
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CONCLUSION
This project aimed to complete the delivery drone and identify the suitability of
delivery drone in the logistic networks system. Based on the research and analysis of
drone, it can be concluded that the delivery drone is very suitable to use in logistic
networks system and will help the consumers in their daily life especially in situation
like pandemic. The drone was built with tough design and has many components that
will make it fly autonomously to any location. This drone can provide many benefits
such as help the consumers in deliver the package to their receiver safely and faster
than send it by their own. Delivery with drone can help ensure the safety of sender
from traffic accident because drone do not have to use land routes and road traffic. It
is also will the delivery process faster. The user does not have to worry about whether
the packages delivered to right recipient or not because drone has GPS technology.
The packages will be delivered to the accurate location of recipient. This drone is an
environmentally-friendly delivery choice because they run by using the batteries. The
use delivery drone also indirectly increasing the job opportunity and economic
development of Malaysia.
And the most important part, the delivery drone can be helpful for consumers
during the pandemic of COVID-19. By using the drone, the package can still be
delivered and at the same time will decrease the cases of virus infections. The residents
can get the needed supply while avoid the avoid the close contact and exposure of
virus. The delivery drone is very suitable to be use in E-commerce businesses and food
delivery of the restaurants. It can help minimize the cost and time for deliver to their
customers. The cost of drone is nothing to be worry because it is expected to be in
range of RM1000 per set with complete maintenance, but it will drop because of
growing drone production economy in the future. Besides the benefits, there are also
some disadvantages that need to be reconsider such as the short battery life, possibility
to be stolen, offer privacy risk, has weight and distance limitations and noise
emissions.
Further research of drones is needed in order to increase the abilities of drone to the
better version. We need to solve the current problem of drone and improve it with the
correct solution that will give more benefit to the consumers. All theoretical and
practical knowledges must be learned to build the perfect technology.
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goals/goal-9-industry-innovation-and-infrastructure.html. [Accessed
December 27, 2020].
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goals/goal-11-sustainable-cities-and-communities.html. [Accessed December
27, 2020].
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Available: https://www.microstrain.com/blog/send-in-the-drones-3-types-of-
sensors-used-in-drones. [Accessed December 23, 2020].
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https://www.unmannedsystemstechnology.com/category/supplier-
directory/propulsion-power/propellers/. [Accessed December 23, 2020].
36

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11. “What are Drones Made of?”, n. d. [Online]. Available:

https://matmatch.com/blog/what-are-drones-made-of/. [Accessed December
24, 2020].
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ecommerce
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38

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APPENDIX A
Figure 17 top view of the drone
(a)
Figure 18 (a) and (b) Side view of the drone

(b)
39

lOMoARcPSD|19545811
APPENDIX B
MINUTES MEETING
Opening
The regular meeting of the Organization/Committee Name was called to
order at 9:00 a.m. on 26 November 2020 via Webex Online.
Mohamad Shamier Aizat bin Mat Amin

Present Yong Ahmad Firdaus bin Ab Wahab
Mohammad Faris bin Johary
Muhammad Aliff Akmal bin Abd Wahid
Mohamad Hafiszuddin bin Abdullah
Approval of The agenda was approved by the facilitator

Agenda
Open Issues The members suggested a few possible ideas to be implemented for this
project which is delivery drone, self-driving system, and real time social
distancing sensor.
New The meeting agreed to proceed with the idea of delivery drone that act as
Business item sender that can access higher building like apartment which human finds
difficult to deliver foods or any items.
Agenda for Next meeting going to be focusing on doing research to collect data on the
Next Meeting drone systems and sensors.
Adjournment Meeting was adjourned at 10:00 a.m. by Facilitator Name. The next general
meeting will be at 9:00 a.m. on 3 December 2020, via Webex online.
40

lOMoARcPSD|19545811
Opening
order at 9:00 a.m. on 3 December 2020 via Webex online.

Approval of The agenda was unanimously approved as distributed.

Agenda
Open Issues Various research and journal papers about courier service and drone have
been reviewed. The main topic of the discussion is about what features the
drone have and which sensors should be used to run the drone.
New It is decided that the project is going to be implemented in a big city as a first
Business step in introducing this technology to the public. One of the major
components in the drone is altimeter which going so sense the height of the
drone.
Agenda for Since the research has been conducted, the next thing to be discussed is about
Next Meeting the readiness of the citizen to accept the technology. Hence, next meeting
going to focus on how we going to conduct a survey.
meeting will be at 8:00 a.m. on 24 December 2020, via Webex online.
41

lOMoARcPSD|19545811
Opening
order at 9:00 a.m. on 24 December 2020 via Webex online.

Approval of The agenda was unanimously approved as distributed.

Agenda
Open Issues Sketching the drone with the best component in each part and planning about
electrical/electronic component needed
AGENDA PERSON IN CHARGE DONE/PEN
Sketching the drone Shamier, Hafiszuddin Done
Sketching the electronic alif Pending
component
Write rough report for the plan yong Pending
Read and gain ideas for the Faris Done
implementation in electrical
component and drone
component
New It is decided that each part of the drone have their capabilities in every aspect
Business in order to fulfill the main ideas of the project.
Agenda for Since the research has been conducted, the next thing to be discussed is about
Next Meeting the how to apply the project in society, Resource Management (Time, Cost,
People) and Deliverable Management.
meeting will be at 8:00 a.m. on 13 January 2020, via Webex online.
42

lOMoARcPSD|19545811
Opening
order at 9:00 p.m. on 13 January 2020 via Webex Online.

Approval of The agenda was approved by the facilitator

Agenda
Open Issues The members discussed about things to be included in the report to finalize
the whole idea.
New The meeting agreed to proceed with adding an additional information on the
Business sensors and make a research about the drone’s maintenance.
Agenda for Next meeting going to be focusing on the method of the presentation.
Next Meeting
meeting will be at 9:00 a.m. on 15 january 2021, via Webex online.
43

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lOMoARcPSD|19545811

Project Report Delivery Drones 1

Engineering Mathematics (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia)

Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university

1.YONG AHMAD FIRDAUS BIN AB WAHAB (A20EE0236)

2. MUHAMMAD ALIFF AKMAL BIN ABD WAHID (A20EE0133)

3. MOHAMAD HAFISZUDDIN BIN ABDULLAH (A20EE0115)

4. MOHAMAD SHAMIER AIZAT BIN MAT AMIN (A20EE0120)

5. MOHAMAD FARIS BIN JOHARY (A20EE0121)

COURSE’S LECTURE’S NAME: ASSOC.PROF.LR.TS.DR.LAU KWAN YIEW

Downloaded by Barkat Ahmad Toula ([email protected])

Downloaded by Barkat Ahmad Toula ([email protected])

Downloaded by Barkat Ahmad Toula ([email protected])

Drones usually define as an Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) or Unmanned

Downloaded by Barkat Ahmad Toula ([email protected])

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE

2 AIM OF MAKING THE DELIVERY DRONES 3

3 THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS 5

3.2 Goal 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructures 5

3.3 Goal 10: Sustainable Cities and Communities 6

4.1 Target Market 7

4.2 Possible cost for delivery drone system 7

4.3 How does drone delivery work? 8

4.4 Benefits of drone delivery service 9

4.5 The disadvantages of delivery drone 10

4.6 Future recommendation 11

4.7 Maintanence of Delivery Drone 12

Downloaded by Barkat Ahmad Toula ([email protected])

5 MATERIAL AND DESIGN 14

5.2 Part by Part Component 15

5.2.1 The Frame 15

5.2.2 Motors and Propellers 17

5.2.4 The Landing Gear 20

5.2.5 Sensors: The Nervous System 21

5.2.8 Items Container 23

6 ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS IN THE CIRCUIT 24

6.1 Flight Controller 25

6.2 Electronic Speed Control 26

6.3 Brushless Motor 27

6.4 Altimeter and Barometer 29

6.5 GPS Sensor 30

6.5.1 Satellite Networks 30

6.6 Power Module 31

6.7 UAV Ultrasonic Sensor 31

6.8 Optic Flow 32

6.9 Drone Photograph/Camera 33

6.10 Power Distributor Board 33

Downloaded by Barkat Ahmad Toula ([email protected])

Downloaded by Barkat Ahmad Toula ([email protected])

FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE

1 The design of the drone 16

2 The brushless DC motor 18

3 Four blade propellers 19

4 The items container 23

5 Circuit of the drone using frizzing 24

6 ArduPilot Mega Board 25

7 Ilustration of ecs in the circuit created

8 ECS from amazon.com 27

9 920Kv Brushless DC Motor 28

10 Barometric Pressure Sensor - BMP085 Breakout 29