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G8 Parallel Structures

This document provides information on using parallel structures and cohesive devices in writing. It defines parallel structure as using the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance, which can occur at the word, phrase, or clause level. Examples of parallel structures include lists joined by coordinating conjunctions like "and" or "or", elements being compared using words like "more" or "than", elements joined by linking verbs or verbs of being, and elements joined by correlative conjunctions like "either/or". The document also provides tips and examples for properly using parallel structures and correcting non-parallel elements.

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jho valeza
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138 views

G8 Parallel Structures

This document provides information on using parallel structures and cohesive devices in writing. It defines parallel structure as using the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance, which can occur at the word, phrase, or clause level. Examples of parallel structures include lists joined by coordinating conjunctions like "and" or "or", elements being compared using words like "more" or "than", elements joined by linking verbs or verbs of being, and elements joined by correlative conjunctions like "either/or". The document also provides tips and examples for properly using parallel structures and correcting non-parallel elements.

Uploaded by

jho valeza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PARALLEL WORD

STRUCTURES,
COHESIVE DEVICES
START
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Use parallel structures. Use appropriate cohesive devices


in composing an informative
speech
REVIEW
What lesson did you learn from the story ‘Dead
Men’s Path’?

What solution can you think of to avoid clashes


or conflicts between the ideologies of the olden
and modern times?
TASK 1: WRONG TURN
1. Everything will just be modern and delightful.

2. Wavering between hope and fear, she


asked her husband, looking anxiously at him.
PARALLEL STRUCTURES
Parallel structure means using the same
pattern of words to show that two or more
ideas have the same level of importance. This
can also happen at the word, phrase, or clause
level.
PARALLEL STRUCTURES
Parallel word structures means you are using
same words with same functions (noun,
adjective, verb, adverb)
EXAMPLES:
Mary likes hiking, swimming, and
bicycling.
My best friend took me to a dance and a
show.
EXAMPLES:
Do you want apple or orange?

Either Jane or her teacher is present


at the program.
Parallel Elements
Not Parallel Elements
Five Ways in Using Parallelism as a
Technique in Writing.
1. With elements joined by coordinating
conjunctions, especially and, but, and or.
The usual way to join parallel
structures is with the use of
coordinating conjunctions such as
"and" or "or."
Examples of Parallel Words
Examples of Parallel Phrases
Examples of Parallel Clauses
The examples below show how to repair
faulty parallelism.
The examples below show how to repair
faulty parallelism.
2. Use parallel structure with
elements in lists or in a series.
A series is a group of three or more elements in a
row. The last element in the series is connected to
the others with one of these coordinating
conjunctions: and, or, but (not), or yet (not).
Commas should be placed between each
element in the series and before the coordinating
conjunction.
As the examples below show, a series whose components are
not in parallel format sounds awkward and may cause
misunderstanding.
Note that in the corrected versions of
example #2, you may choose to repeat
the "to" or to omit it.
3. Use parallel structure with elements
being compared. (X is more than /
better than Y)
When we compare things, we often use
words such as more, less, better, and worse,
We connect the items being compared with
words like as and than.
4. Use parallel structure with
elements joined by a linking verb or a
verb of being.
Joining elements with linking verbs or
verbs of being suggests a completing of the
first item by the second one. Often, in fact,
an equality between the two is being set up,
as the examples below illustrate.
5. Use parallel structure with elements joined
by a correlative conjunction.
These are the major correlative conjunctions:
either / or neither / nor both /
and not only / but also
Correlative conjunctions work in pairs.

Whatever grammatical structure follows one


must be parallel to the grammatical structure
that follows the other.
Examples with either / or and neither / nor
Examples with both / and
Examples with not only / but also
With either / or
With neither / nor
With both / and
With not only / but also
What are the considerations in making
word structures parallel?
Michael Obi is a young, energetic,
enthusiastic and responsible educator
who was appointed as Ndume Central
School.
He is known for his wonderful ideas,
sound scholastic records, and blunt
condemnation to narrow and old-
fashioned views on education.
Lily likes eating M&Ms and to binge-
watch series on Netflix.
Lily likes eating M&Ms and binge-
watching series on Netflix.
Lily likes to eat M&Ms and to binge-
watch series on Netflix.
10-Item Quiz

Correct the following sentences for


word parallelism.
1. We should show respect,
appreciative, and sympathy to other
peoples, not only in Asian but also in
the whole world.
2. The business accepts cash, credit cards,
and you can even pay with a check.
3. She aspires to finish college, and
becoming an accountant would be another
goal.
4. Eggs not only contain protein but are also
full of vitamins.
5. Some people would rather not eat eggs
at all than if they can only have egg whites.
Key to Correction
1. We should show respect,
appreciation and sympathy to other
people, not only in Asia but also in the
whole world.
2. The business accepts cash, credit cards,
and checks.
3. She aspires to finish college, and become
an accountant.
4. Eggs not only contain protein but also
vitamins.
5. Some people would rather not eat eggs
at all than eat only egg whites.
THANK YOU FOR
COOPERATING!
GAME OVER

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