SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM

A project report

Submitted by

NAVANEETHAN G
612720114014

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the course

Powering IoT using Arduino and Raspberry Pi

Conducted by
SkillsDA

Under Naan Mudalvan Scheme

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

THE KAVERY ENGINEERING COLLEGE
MECHERI – 636453
December 2022

i
 ABSTRACT

Irrigation is a system where the plant is being watered systematically and

is often used widely in agriculture purpose and there are some who use it for

gardening. This Project which is Smart Irrigation System firstly developed to

ease the life of the farmer who in addition can monitor the moisture of the

water in the soil as to It is the objective of this project to design new

infrastructure of irrigation method, developing the system for it and to test it

in the environment needed for it to be used to know if this project may help in

the agriculture industry or it can also be a help in hobby department.

It is also expected for this project to meet some obstacles such as the

cost needed or maybe the hardware may need to get power sources or the

sensor may broke after certain time of the usage. It result for this project is also

expected for it to automatically irrigate the plant without the farmer

intervention except for tiny little detail. The farmer may also can view if the

plant has been irrigated and the farmers can be alerted if the water needed for

the irrigation got problem, The technique that are being used in this project is

primarily IoT as it can gather data from the sensor equipped to it and scan

send it to the user effectively. With this Smart Irrigation project we can

ensure the water that are being used to water the plant are being used

optimally and the water can also be conversed to its fullness

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 CONTENTS

PAGE NO
DECLARATION I
CONFIRMATION Ii
DEDICATION Iii
ABSTRACT Iv
CONTENTS V
LIST OF TABLES Vii
LIST OF FIGURES Viii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Problem statement
1.3 Objectives 2
1.4 Scopes
1.5 Limitation of Work 3
1.6 Expected Result
1.7 Conclusion 4

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction 5
2.2 Reviewed Literature
2.2.2 Web based service to monitor automatic
irrigation system for the agriculture field using
sensors. 6
2.2.2 Automated Irrigation System 7
2.2.3 Prototype for Automatically Navigated
Water Irrigation System 8
2.3 Summary 9

CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

iv
3.1 Introduction 10
3.2 Research Analysis and Paradigm 11
3.2.1 Feasibility Study
3.2.2 Data Collection and Gathering
3.2.3 Framework Design Phase
3.3 System Development Methodology 12
3.3.1 Planning Phase
3.3.2 Analysis Phase 13
3.3.3 Design Phase
3.3.4 Implementation Phase 14
3.3.5 Testing Phase
3.4 Hardware Used 15
3.5 Software Used
3.6 Project Design Scheme
3.6.1 Framework Design 16
3.6.2 Context Diagram 17
3.6.3 Data Flow Diagram 18
3.6.4 Entity Relationship Diagram 19
3.6.5 Prototype 20
3.7 Conclusion 21

CHAPTER IV IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULT

4.1 Introduction 22
4.2 Project Testing 23
4.3 Project Implementation 24

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION
4.1 Introduction 27
4.2 Future Suggestion
4.3 Conclusion 28

REFERENCES
29

v
 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE TITLE PAGE NO

2.1 Literature Review of Web based service to monitor 6
automatic irrigation system for the agriculture field
using
Sensors
2.2 Literature Review of Automatic Irrigation System 7
2.3 Literature Review of Prototype for Automatically 8
Navigated Water Irrigation System
3.1 Table show the hardware used 15
3.4 Table show the software used 15

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 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE TITLE PAGE NO

3.1 System Development Methodology 13
3.2 Framework Design of the project 15
3.3 Context Diagram 16
3.4 Data Flow Diagram 17
3.5 Entity Relationship Diagram 18
3.6 Protoype of Smart Irrigation System 19
4.1 Testing using Arduino Aplication 22
4.2 Testing sensor using Prototype model 22
4.3 Viewing the data using dashboard 23
4.4 Viewing list of data gathered by sensor 23
4.5 The code used to uploaded into NodeMCU and 24
View using serial monitor
4.6 Implementing Smart Irrigation System using hardware 25

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

Irrigation is a founded system to ensure the plant can get enough water

provided by the system for the growth of the plant itself.

This Project which is Smart Irrigation System firstly developed to ease

the life of the farmer who in addition can monitor the moisture of the

water in the soil as to ensure the intake of water needed for the plant be

enough for their growth.

1.2 Problem Statement

The problem that is leading to development of this project can be

summarized to two problem where:

a) Farmers do not have any indicators to exactly know if the water

given to the plant is enough or excessive.

b) With manually controlled irrigation it does not being operated

systematically causing the water used is excessive to plant

1
1.3 Objectives

- To design a new infrastructure of irrigation method.

- To develop an irrigation system for the farmer to monitor their plant or

field.

- To test the functionality of this project by implementing it in suitable

condition.

1.4 Scope

The Scope of this project can be divided into :

1.4.1 User

o Farmers that can access the dashboard and view the data from

the system to ensure the plant consumption of water flow

smoothly.

o Gardener that are planting a newly plant for hobby to

monitor the water consumption of their plant.

1.4.2 System

o Web-based System for user to view data from the dashboard.

o Database to analyse collected data and information into

dashboard.

o Arduino for programming Arduino microcontroller

1.4.3 Hardware

o Arduino

o Breadboard

o Sensor

2
  Soil moisture level

 Soil moisture level

o Solenoid

o Jumper Wire

o Single Relay Module

3
1.5 Limitation of Work

- The cost for this project may exceed the budget causing the

project incomplete.

- The sensor may malfunction if used for a long period of time and

may needed to be changed.

- The power needed for Arduino may be limited as Arduino need

to always be in powered on state for it to active.

1.6 Expected Result

- The system will manage to autonomously irrigate the plant

without human interference.

- The System manage to monitor water moisture level in soil

and send the data to user.

- The sensor used can alert the system to irrigate the plant if the

water level monitored is below plant sustenance.

4
 1.7 Conclusion

This project consist of six chapters. First chapter focuses on the

background of the project, the introduction and what is investigated to

make this project to be developed. Chapter 2 will be based on related

study that be used to improve or correcting the project. Chapter 3 will

discussed about the methodology used in the project. As for chapter 4 we

will view on about the expected result and discus what way will be taken

to reach that result. In chapter 5 we will reviewed about the technique that

has been conducted and be used to develop the project. And at the last

chapter the conclusion and the final result will be included.

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 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction

Literature Review is a very important aspect in a research or project where

the literature reviewed can give the reader another view on how that

system can be developed and be constructed so that it can operate more

smoothly and completely.

2.2 Reviewed Literature

2.2.1 Web Based Service to Monitor Automatic Irrigation System for

the Agriculture Field Using Sensors.

Table 2.1

6
In this paper is shown that the author is using web based system to

monitor the data of the irrigation system developed. Arduino with grove

moisture sensor and water level sensor are used to detect the moisture

level of water in the pot of plant and to monitor the water level in the to

determine if the water has been used up or decrease and cannot irrigate the

plant anymore. They designed this to keep the system still works even

when there is no worker to irrigate the plant and to monitor water

consumption of the plant. With the help of the web based system the

admin can monitor how much water is being used for irrigating the plant

that day. Zigbee protocol is used for the Arduino microcontroller and the

system to communicate with each other.

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2.2.2 Automated Irrigation System

Table 2.2

8
2.2.3 Prototype for Automatically Navigated Water Irrigation System

Table 2.3

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2.3 Conclusion

Based on the research paper reviewed earlier. There are protocols that can

be used for the system to be used for communicating with each other.

This project must also take account of how it can further be used to help

the user in the usability and maintaining it. As we know this project,

Smart Irrigation System aims to irrigate the plant automatically with the

help of Arduino microcontroller, sensor and system to monitor the

information. This can be used to aid the development of this project to its

completion better.

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 CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

Project methodology play important role to ensure research can be

accomplished. This chapter will focus on how methodology affect the

outcome of the project. This topic research is made to understand how an

Irrigation of the plant can be done efficiently with the help of new

technology of Internet of Thing (IoT). This chapter will also explain

deeply on how this system works and what type of hardware and software

will be used to help the progress of this research.

3.2 Analysis study and research justification

There are four stages involved in this research. These stages is related to

each other and its detail will be explained as followed.

3.2.1 Feasibility study.

In this phase an investigation is carried out to analyse the

positive and the negative of this project. There are a lot of

information being identified for this research such as Objective,

scope and problem statement. A proposal then was prepared and

proposed to the supervisor in charge based on the investigation.

This resulted in project of Smart Irrigation System.

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 3.2.2 Data collection & Gathering.

For this phase, al data related to the research was collected

through some method of data collection technique that come from

article, conference and journal. The collected data then being

review and the information is being summarized to help in the

research progress.

3.2.3 Framework Design Phase.

In this phase, Framework Design is essential for making the

prototype. Framework designed will describe about collection of

the tools for helping developing this system. But before this

framework design is being designed we must know about the

methodology model that is being used in this project which is

Interactive and Incremental Life Cycle Model. This methods helps

in developing system through repeated cycle which is interactive

and incremental.

3.3 System Development Methodology

This incremental build model is a method of software development to

describe the system’s designed, implemented and being tested incrementally.
We can see an example of this cycle in Figure 3.

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 Figure 3.1 System Development Model

From this figure we can conclude that the development of project is based

on this five phase which is Planning Phase, Analysis Phase, Design

Phase, Implementation Phase and lastly the Maintenance Phase.

3.3.1 Planning Phase.

For the Planning phase, the developer need to create the suitable title for

the project. This project title is Smart Irrigation System. At this phase I

need to plan how to complete this project by considering the time of

this project, investigating arisen

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problem that need to be solved and consulting with the supervisor to

propose idea for the creation of this project. Then I need to write an

abstract to describe roughly of this project.

3.3.2 Analysis Phase

At this phase I tried to investigate clues or information that can be used to

develop this project on how to solve the problem for this project mainly. I

also take account on how will this project will cost me and how much time

it will be for this project to be completed.

I also do some research on the previous and latest journal to get any

information regarding this project to make sure I can make this project

better.

3.3.3 Design Phase

At this phase I need to identify what kind of hardware that need to be

considered to be added into the design of this project. I also need to

complete around half of my design to properly identify of how the

prototype of this project will look and to clearly recognize any error that

can be fixed at this stage. I also will be needed to create the framework

design, context diagram, data flow diagram and entity relationship

diagram based on the analysis constructed at analysis phase.

These diagram will act as guidance to the flow of the system and is

crucial to the project.

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 3.3.4 Implementation Phase

This phase is where the design will be implemented as a bse for coding

process. The coding will be divided to few parts of the requirement. In

this Smart Irrigation System project we will mainly use Arduino program

to coding the ARDUINO UNO Board as it is crucial to the project. The

sensor used will also need to be calibrated and will be incorporated into

the ARDUINO Board.

3.3.5 Testing Phase.

When all the module has been implemented into single system. The

testing then will be carried out to identify any error that may occurred.

This phase is crucial as we would not want any error surfaced during the

real deployment.

3.3.6 Deployment phase.

This is the phase where the built system will be deployed and

incorporated by the user. This also means that the deployed system

will be subjected to incoming maintenance for any problem that may

occurred.

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3.4 Hardware Used

This is the list of Hardware used in this project to ensure that this project can

be carried out.

HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
Laptop Model : ASUSX454LJ-XV045D

Processor : Intel(R) Core(TM) i3-

5010U CPU @ 2.10GHz

Ram : 8.00 GB

OS : Windows 10 Pro
ARDUINO ARDUINO UNO R3

Sensors Soil Moisture Sensor

Water Pump

Table 3.1 : System Hardware Requirements

3.5 Software Used

The software that is used in this project is as follows to ensure the flow of the
project.

Software Description
Sumatra PDF To Read pdf file

Microsoft Office 2016 Report writing and slides

presentation
Arduino 1.8.6 For coding the Arduino
microcontroller
Vivaldi 1.10.867.42 (Stable To act as internet medium for
channel) (64- helping the

bit) project development

Table 3.2 : System Software Requirements

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3.6 Project Design Scheme

3.6.1 Framework Design

Figure 3.2 Framework Design of Smart Irrigation System

In this Framework Design we can see the connection between Arduino

board to the sensor and how the data will flow to the monitoring system.

The Arduino are connected to 4 devices where 2 of them are the sensor

(Temperature Sensor and Soil Moisture Sensor), 1 of them is Solenoid

Valve and the other one is Node MCU which is being used to connect the

Arduino to the network. The data retrieved by the Arduino from the

sensor will be transferred to via Node MCU to the dashboard. User and

Admin then can view these report in the form of report.

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 3.6.2 Context Diagram

Figure 3.3 Context Diagram of Smart Irrigation System

This context diagram in the project showed that when the User request

data for real time data it will request the data from the Arduino. The

Arduino then retrieve temperature data and soil moisture data and send

it to the user via the system.

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 3.6.3 Data Flow Diagram

Figure 3.4 Data Flow Diagram of Smart Irrigation System

This Data Flow Diagram showed that the system record the data from

Temperature Sensor and Soil Moisture Sensor. The recorded data then

being kept into the data storage. When the user want to view the data.

The data will be sent to the system where the system will generate the

report. The Report then can be viewed by the User.

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 3.6.4 Entity Relationship Diagram

Figure 3.5 Entity Relationship Diagram of Smart Irrigation

System

In this Entity Relationship Diagram we can see that we have two sensor

which is Temperature Sensor and Soil Moisture Sensor. This data

retrieved by these sensor will then be sent to the Arduino and further sent

to the System for live view.

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 3.6.5 Prototype

Figure 3.6 Smart Irrigation System Prototype

In this Figure we can see the connection from the Arduino to the Sensor.

The Temperature Sensor and Soil Moisture is connected to the Arduino

Pin and the potentiometer is being used to calibrate it for the time being.

We can see that when the data gathered by the sensors will be gathered to

Arduino. The gathered data then will passed through connection devices

to send it to the dashboard.

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3.7 Conclusion

This chapter explain of what kind of methodology that has been used in

this project and explain clearly of the hardware and software that has

been used in this project. In this chapter too every phase clearly detailed

of the project development and what is expected in each phase.

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 CHAPTER 4

IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULT

4.1 Introduction

This chapter will be discussing about the expected result and what has

been achieved during the project testing and implementation. This phase

will show the end result of the project and the implementation and

testing phase will also be included.

4.2 Project Testing

Figure 4.1 : Arduino Application (IDE)

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 Figure 4.2 : Arduino Sensor Testing (Moisture Sensor)

4.3 Project Implementation

Figure 4.3 Smart Irrigation System display on

webpage This figure shows that user can view the data that are

being collected by the NodeMCU-esp12e microcontroller.

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 Figure 4.4 show list of data that has been
gathered by the sensor.
This allow the user to be aware and analyse
the data for future usage.

Figure 4.4 List of data collected from sensor

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 Figure 4.5 Implementation of code using Arduino
Application (IDE)

This figure show the code and the serial monitor are used to check if

there are any problem such as the data not getting through or in case of

malfunction of code.

26
 Figure 4.6 Implementation of Smart Irrigation System
through hardware.

This figure shown the connection of Soil Moisture Sensor, Relay

Module and Water Pump through Node MCU. The data gathered by the

sensor will be fed to Node MCU and be sent to webpage. The data then

can determine if the water are not enough and activating water pump to

irrigate the plant.

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 CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION

Smart Irrigation System is a system designed for the user to

automatically irrigate the plant using IoT technique. This is thought to

help ease the usage of water to the plant and help in optimizing the water

management for the plant. This project is done using hardware such as

water pump, NodeMCU and sensor which is specifically soil moisture

Sensor. This chapter will also discuss future suggestion of this project.

Smart Irrigation System is a system that are designed to help farmer to

irrigate the plant without any human interference and it could be a big

help to the farmer as this coul be one of the indicator in ensuring the

water that is needed for the plant does not be excessive. This system will

also managed to monitor the water consumption of the plant day by day

and this data could be a big help in preserving the water being used to

plant and can be used for other purpose. Last but not least, hopefully this

system managed to be used for other purpose and be of help to others.

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5.1 SCOPE FOR FUTURE WORK

For the future work of this project, there are a few suggestion that can

be considered in upgrading the system to be better and more efficient.

- We can add sensor that may be capable in monitoring the ph level

of soil or water level sensor to monitor the water inside the tank

used in irrigating the plant.

- It can be considered to improvise so that this system can be used

to manage more plant and not limited to only one plant.

- The system could be more efficient in alerting the user if there

are a type of notification that could be implemented in the system

such as SMS.

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 REFERENCES

🠶 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/6838569/

🠶 http://www.instructables.com/id/Smart-Irrigation-System/

🠶 www.iosrjournals.org

🠶 http://www.instructables.com/id/SMART-IRRIGATION-SYSTEM-
Using-IoT/

🠶 http://www.instructables.com/id/Smart-Irrigation-System/

🠶 http://keywordsuggest.org/gallery/486494.html

🠶 https://skrisshphoolbari.wordpress.com/2016/01/15/drip-irrigation-
system/

🠶 http://www.electronicdesign.com/analog/3-ways-iot-revolutionizes-
farming

🠶 http://www.softwebiot.com/iot-use-cases/iot-solutions-for-agriculture-
industry/

🠶 http://keywordsuggest.org/gallery/482684.html

🠶 www.arduino.cc

🠶 IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering

(IOSR-JECE) e-ISSN: 2278-2834,p- ISSN: 2278-8735.Volume 10,
Issue 3, Ver. II (May - Jun.2015), PP 32-
36 www.iosrjournals.org

🠶 H.T.Ingale, N.N.Kasat proposed "Automated Irrigation System",

International Journal of Engineering Research and Development
(IJERD 2012)

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