Technical Drawings

Lecturer: Eng. Marie Chahine

[email protected]
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Engineering Faculty -Lebanese University
Branch 1
Syllabus
➢ Course Description: Technical Drawing course is the
professional language in the mechanical engineering world.
The purpose of this course is to teach the students the
standards of drawing, how to draw the projection views,
perspective views, and section views using a 2D and 3D
model. The students will be able to place the dimensions as
well as the tolerances on their drawings. The drawings will be
performed on papers and on a computer aided design
program (2D,3D).

➢ Course Text:
❑ Guide du Dessinateur Industriel – Chevalier Edition 2004
❑ Machine Drawing, Third Edition - NARAYANA
Syllabus
➢ Learning outcomes:
• Drawing views, multi-views, using projection as for a
Glass Box, third Angle Projection, two view drawings,
line types, section views, auxiliary Views, detail Views,
broken-Out section views, partial views, cropped views.
• applying drawing standards, ASME mechanical drawing
standards, sheet formats, line types, dimensioning
rules and schemes
• drawing, quoting, editing text and finalizing any
drawing on 2D AUTOCAD, also hatching different
sections, putting dimensions of all types and showing
surface finish use all layers options.
Syllabus
➢ Absences: On those days when you will be absent, find a friend or
an acquaintance to take notes for you .
➢ Homework assignments: Homework problems will be assigned on a
regular basis. Problems will be solved using the Problem-Solving
Technique on any white paper with no more than one problem
written on one sheet of paper. Homework will be collected when
due, with your name written legibly on the front of the title page. It is
graded on a 0 to 100 points scale. Late homework (any reason) will
not be accepted.
➢ Projects: There is a project in the middle of the semester
➢ Quiz : There are several partial quizzes during the semester.
➢ Partial Exams and Final Exam: There is one midterm exam during
the semester during the week 8, and a final exam at the end of the
semester.
Course Grading
➢ The total course grade is comprised of homework assignments,
quizzes, partial exams, final exam, and a project as follows:
▪ Attendance 10%
▪ Homework +Projects 10-20%
▪ Partial Exam + Quiz 30-40%
▪ Final Exam 40%
100%
➢ Cheating: You are allowed to cooperate on homework by sharing
ideas and methods. Copying will not be tolerated. Submitted work
copied from others will be considered academic misconduct and will
get no points.
Course Materials
➢ Email: [email protected]
 Introduction

A technical person can use the

graphic language as powerful
means of communication with
others for conveying ideas on
technical matters.
However, for effective exchange of ideas with others, the
engineer must have proficiency in
➢ language, both written and oral,
➢ symbols associated with basic sciences
➢ the graphic language.
Irrespective of language barriers, the drawings can be
effectively used in other countries, in addition to the country
where they are prepared. Thus, the engineering drawing is
the universal language of all engineers.
 The Norm

❑ The most common normalization Institute are:

➢ ISO International Standard Organization

➢ AFNOR Association Française de Normalisation
➢ DIN Deutch Industry Norm
➢ BSI British Standard Institute
➢ ANSI American National Standard Institute
➢ CEN Comité Européenne de Normalisation
 Need For Correct Drawing

➢ The drawings prepared by any technical person must be

clear, unmistakable in meaning and there should not be
any scope for more than one interpretation, or else
litigation may arise.
➢ In a number of dealings with contracts, the drawing is an
official document, and the success or failure of a structure
depends on the clarity of details provided on the drawing.
Thus, the drawings should not give any scope for
mis-interpretation even by accident.
➢ The study of machine drawing mainly involves learning to
sketch machine parts and to make working and assembly
drawings. This involves a study of those conventions in
drawings that are widely adopted in engineering practice.
Classification Of Drawings
A. Machine drawing
➢ It is pertaining to machine parts or components.
➢ It is presented through a number of orthographic
views, so that the size and shape of the
component is fully understood.
➢ Part drawings and assembly drawings belong to
this classification.
➢ An example of a machine drawing is given in Fig.
1.1.
Classification Of Drawings
A. Machine drawing
➢ It is pertaining to machine parts or components.
➢ It is presented through a number of orthographic
views, so that the size and shape of the
component is fully understood.
➢ Part drawings and assembly drawings belong to
this classification.
➢ An example of a machine drawing is given in Fig.
1.1.
B- Production Drawing

➢ A production drawing, also referred to as working drawing,

should furnish all the dimensions, limits and special
finishing processes such as heat treatment, honing,
lapping, surface finish, etc., to guide the craftsman on the
shop floor in producing the component.
➢ The title should also mention the material used for the
product, number of parts required for the assembled unit,
etc.
➢ Since a craftsman will ordinarily make one component at
a time, it is advisable to prepare the production drawing of
each component on a separate sheet. However, in some
cases the drawings of related components may be given
on the same sheet. Figure 1.2 represents an example of a
production drawing.
B- Production Drawing
C- Part Drawing

➢ Component or part drawing is a detailed drawing of a

component to facilitate its manufacture.
➢ All the principles of orthographic projection and the
technique of graphic representation must be followed to
communicate the details in a part drawing.
➢ A part drawing with production details is rightly called as a
production drawing or working drawing.
D- Assembly Drawing
A drawing that shows the various parts of a machine in their
correct working locations is an assembly drawing (Fig. 1.3). There
are several types of such drawings.
I- Design Assembly Drawing
When a machine is designed, an assembly drawing or a design
layout is first drawn to clearly visualize the performance, shape
and clearances of various parts comprising the machine.
II- Detailed Assembly Drawing
It is usually made for simple machines, comprising of a relatively
smaller number of simple parts. All the dimensions and
information necessary for the construction of such parts and for
the assembly of the parts are given directly on the assembly
drawing.
Separate views of specific parts in enlargements, showing the
fitting of parts together, may also be drawn in addition to the
regular assembly drawing.
D- Assembly Drawing
A drawing that shows the various parts of a machine in their
correct working locations is an assembly drawing (Fig. 1.3). There
are several types of such drawings.
I- Design Assembly Drawing
When a machine is designed, an assembly drawing or a design
layout is first drawn to clearly visualize the performance, shape
and clearances of various parts comprising the machine.
II- Detailed Assembly Drawing
It is usually made for simple machines, comprising of a relatively
smaller number of simple parts. All the dimensions and
information necessary for the construction of such parts and for
the assembly of the parts are given directly on the assembly
drawing.
Separate views of specific parts in enlargements, showing the
fitting of parts together, may also be drawn in addition to the
regular assembly drawing.
D- Assembly Drawing

III- Sub - Assembly Drawing

➢ Many assemblies such as an automobile, lathe, etc., are
assembled with many pre-assembled components as well
as individual parts. These pre-assembled units are known
as sub-assemblies.

IV- Installation Assembly Drawing

On this drawing, the location and dimensions of few
important parts and overall dimensions of the assembled
unit are indicated. This drawing provides useful information
for assembling the machine, as this drawing reveals all parts
of a machine in their correct working position.
V- Assembly Drawing for Catalogues

➢ Special assembly drawings are prepared for

company catalogues. These drawings show
only the pertinent details and dimensions that
would interest the potential buyer.
➢ Figure 1.4 shows a typical catalogue drawing,
showing the overall and principal dimensions.
V- Assembly Drawing for Catalogues

➢ Special assembly drawings are prepared for

company catalogues. These drawings show
only the pertinent details and dimensions that
would interest the potential buyer.
➢ Figure 1.4 shows a typical catalogue drawing,
showing the overall and principal dimensions.
VI- Assembly Drawings for Instruction Manuals

➢ These drawings in the form of assembly drawings, are

to be used when a machine, shipped away in
assembled condition, is knocked down in order to
check all the parts before reassembly and installation
elsewhere.
➢ These drawings have each component numbered on
the job.
➢ Figure 1.5 shows a typical example of such a
drawing.
VI- Assembly Drawings for Instruction Manuals
VII- Exploded Assembly Drawing

➢ In some cases, exploded pictorial views are

supplied to meet instruction manual
requirements.
➢ These drawings generally find a place in the
parts list section of a company instruction
manual.
➢ Figure 1.6 shows drawings of this type which
may be easily understood even by those with
less experience in the reading of drawings;
because in these exploded views, the parts are
positioned in the sequence of assembly, but
separated from each other.
VII- Exploded Assembly Drawing
VIII- Schematic Assembly Drawing

➢ It is very difficult to understand the operating

principles of complicated machinery, merely from
the assembly drawings.
➢ Schematic representation of the unit facilitates
easy understanding of its operating principle.
➢ It is a simplified illustration of the machine or of a
system, replacing all the elements, by their
respective conventional representations.
➢ Figure 1.7 shows the schematic representation
of a gearing diagram.
VIII- Schematic Assembly Drawing

➢ It is very difficult to understand the operating

principles of complicated machinery, merely from
the assembly drawings.
➢ Schematic representation of the unit facilitates
easy understanding of its operating principle.
➢ It is a simplified illustration of the machine or of a
system, replacing all the elements, by their
respective conventional representations.
➢ Figure 1.7 shows the schematic representation
of a gearing diagram.
IX- Machine Shop Drawing

➢ Rough castings and forgings are sent to the

machine shop for finishing operation (Fig. 1.8).
➢ Since the machinist is not interested in the
dimensions and information of the previous
stages, a machine shop drawing frequently gives
only the information necessary for machining.
➢ Based on the same principle, one may have
forge shop drawing, pattern shop drawing, sheet
metal drawing, etc.
IX- Machine Shop Drawing

➢ Rough castings and forgings are sent to the

machine shop for finishing operation (Fig. 1.8).
➢ Since the machinist is not interested in the
dimensions and information of the previous
stages, a machine shop drawing frequently gives
only the information necessary for machining.
➢ Based on the same principle, one may have
forge shop drawing, pattern shop drawing, sheet
metal drawing, etc.
X- Patent Drawing

➢ When new machines or devices are invented,

patent drawings come into existence, to illustrate
and explain the invention.
➢ These are pictorial drawings and must be self-
explanatory.
➢ It is essential that the patent drawings are
mechanically correct and include complete
illustrations of every detail of the invention.
➢ However, they are not useful for production
purposes.
➢ The salient features on the drawing are numbered
for identification and complete description.