Class: XI Sub: PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Introduction
 Physical education is a process of learning which modifies our behavior through bodily based actions. physical
education is an integral part of general education , it involves physical activities which help to achieve wholesome
development of individual .
 Physical education develops body and mind , moreover it develop total personality related to physical ,mental ,social
and emotional development of individual.
‘physical education is that field of education which deals with big muscle activities and their related responses’
‘physical education is the sum of those experiences which come to the individual through movement’

Playing Surface
 Many of today’s most popular sports have been around for centuries. Looking at what they did with their surfaces
back then is a fantastic place to start. Sports surfaces have evolved along with the advancement of techniques, skills,
and technological advancements. The use of various playing surfaces denotes the technical standard and now it
dominates the nature of the game. For example, the game of tennis was started on grass court and later various
surfaces like hard court, clay court and artificial grass were used.

Wearable Gears:

 Sports gears are mostly worn to ensure basic safety related to the game/ sport. Sports injury is the only limitation for
the players to sustain their sports performance. So, all the respective sports have their minimum requirement of
wearing sports gears as laid down in their regulations. Extra safety gears can be used by the players as and when
required under the jurisdiction of their respective federations/associations.
 Few common sports gears used are: Batting/kipping gloves, pads, helmets/ head gears used in various sports,
shin/abdominal guards, caps used in various joints knee caps, etc.
Sports Equipment
 As the level of the game changes, equipment are also updated accordingly. For example, the cricket bat, tennis
rackets, size of basketball and football, etc. are different according to the age group of the players. Nowadays training
equipment are also different according to the level of the players.
KHELO INDIA AND FIT INDIA PROGRAMME
Khelo-India is a national programme for the development of sports . It is an initiative of the government of India to strengthen
the sports ecosystem by encouraging mass participation and promotion of excellence . The programme has been introduced to
revive the sports culture in India at the grass –root level by building a strong framework for all sports in India . It will provide
a national level platform to the grass-root level talents.
Sports is an extremely important component for the overall development of our nation. India , in the last few years , has made
solid progress in the field of sports .
 Talented players identified in priority sports disciplines at various levels by the High-Powered Committee will be
provided annual financial assistance of INR 5 lakh per annum for 8 years.
 Khelo India School Games, which are a part of the Khelo India programme, are being held from 31st January to 8th
February, 2018 in New Delhi. Under-17 athletes have been invited to participate across 16 disciplines, which are as
follows: Archery, Athletics, Badminton, Basketball, Boxing, Football, Gymnastics, Hockey, Judo, Kabaddi, Kho-
Kho, Shooting, Swimming, Volleyball, Weightlifting, and Wrestling.

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FIT INDIA PROGRAMME
 Fit India Movement was launched by the Prime Minister of India on 29 August 2019 (National Sports Day)
with the goal of making fitness a part of our everyday life. The movement’s goal is to change people’s habits
and encourage them to adopt a more physically active lifestyle.
Objectives of Fit India Programme?
 To promote fitness as easy, fun and free.
 To spread awareness on fitness and various physical activities that promote
fitness through focused campaigns.
 To encourage indigenous sports.
 To make fitness reach every school, college/ university, panchayat/village, etc.
 To create a platform for citizens of India to share information, drive awareness
and encourage sharing of personal fitness stories.

Aim of physical education:

 The aim of physical education is to make every child physically , mentally and
socially fit. To develop in him such personal and social qualities that help him
to live happily with others and build him in to a good citizen .

Objective of physical education>

 There are four objective of physical education .
A. Physical Development
B. Psychological Development
C. Social Development
D. Emotional Development

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Physical Development: according to this objective , body should grow in a proper
way. physical activities help in developing the body .our body is a kind of machine
which grows and develops with physical activities.
 Psychological development :
this development is related with positive thoughts, ideas , behavior, attitude and
responses. this objective improves the psychological balance of an individual, mental
progress or mental development. The development of positive mind helps us to
achieve the aim and also enables a person to overcome various challenges of life in a
good manner.

 Social development : man is a social animal and can not live without
society. Man is a part of society and has to follow the rules ,regulation ,
tradition and laws of society. This objective develops the social qualities like
cooperative behavior, friendship , togetherness , honesty, sincerity ,
adjustment , leadership , self-control and self –discipline, etc. physical
education programmes provide good opportunity and practical experience to
develop socialization process.
Emotional Development :
 Emotions are very important part for optimum development of man’s personality,
emotions like anger, jealousy, aggressiveness, cheerfulness , pleasure, anxiety, etc.
are parts of human personality . Theses emotion help to achieve optimum progress.
Changing trends in physical education:
 Physical education , the instruction of physical exercise in school ,is changing for
the betterment of childhood health . Increased movement benefits both the body and
the brain.
Children these days are eating more junk food and moving less. The result : overweight ,
unfit children . To counter the declining fitness trend, many schools and districts have
taken a closer look at their physical education programmes .
The current trend in physical education instruction has focused less on fun and team sports
and more on getting children healthy .

Various Physical Education Courses Available In India

 The carrier making opinion in the subject of physical education is not easy .it has
wide variety of its activities along with good status of job or profession .
There are various training institutions for promoting academic and skill qualifications in
physical education .for adopting physical education as a profession ,one needs the
qualification . The course such as B.P.E. M.P.E. M.S.S. ( master of sports science ) N.I.S.
Diploma ( national institute of sports diploma in a specific game , Mfill , P.H.D. etc.

Career options in physical education

 As a teacher of physical education
 As a coach
 As a fitness trainer
 As a specialist or official of game
 As a yoga instructor
 As a sports journalist or commentator
 As a dietician or physiotherapist
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  As an administrator
 As a physical training instructor

Olympic Value Education 2nd chapter

Introduction’:
 Olympic value education and Olympic movement is a wide term. It gives us the
understanding of Olympic participation in its activities in past and present along
with development of games and sports for competitions. It has provided us healthy
platform for competitive games and sports activities . To understand Olympic
movement one must be aware about ancient Olympic games , modern Olympic
games , winter Olympic games development of games and sports at every level.
Today Olympic games are the world’s most spectacular and greatest sporting
festival of modern times.
 Olympic movement is related with link between Ancient Olympic games with
modern Olympic games and development of competitive sports activities at various
levels including Paralympic and special Olympic . It has promoted the development
of physical and moral qualities to bring together the athletes of the world in great
coordinal festival of sports.
Olympic Values
 Excellence, friendship and respect are the three core ideals/values of Olympism.
They serve as the basis for the Olympic Movement’s efforts to promote sport,
culture and education in the pursuit of a better world.
 The core ideals/values also include five educational values. These values have been
incorporated from the three domains of learning: Mental, Emotional and Physical.
They are as follows.
 Joy of effort
 Fair play
 Respect for others
 Pursuit of excellence,
 Balance in life between body, will and mind
Excellence
 Excellence refers to doing the best one can, on the field of play or in the
professional life.
 Excellence is not only on the playground; it is also in the classroom, where all
students have the right to education (Article 28), and also by helping students
pursue excellence by chasing their dreams of life.
Respect
 Respect means to show high regard for, or special attention to, someone. It lies at
the heart of Olympism. It includes respect for yourself and your body, for other
people, for rules and regulations, for sports and for the environment. In fact, respect
is the key to strong friendships, fair play and sportsmanship.

Ancient Olympic Games

 The beginning of Olympic games belongs to Greece. Ancient Olympic games were
participated in pre historic period and continued for many centuries as Greece
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 festival. The record say that the first historic mentioning of games happened in the
year 776Bc. These games were played in the state of Athens .the games were held
wit h religious customs in honor of their god Zeus
 The ceremony of Olympic games begins from the new moon day in July after four
years . The events of Olympic continued for five days in specific order. on the first
day of games , the priest performed the rituals with grand opening and burned the
blessed torch. On the next day ( Animals Games) were played. On the third day
(Foot Races) combination races throwing , jumping were performed. On the fourth
Boxing wrestling sword fighting and other contact games .
 On the final day of closing ceremony , the prize were given to heroes. The flock of
pigeons were sent to all cities of Greece which carried the names of the champions.
The prize given to winners were made from Olive leaves.

Modern Olympic games

 Modern Olympic games was undertaken by Baron De Coubertin Nearly 1500 years
after the last ancient Olympic games. Coubertin was born in Italian family and
settled in France. In the conference of physical education on 25th November
1892.coubertin first pronounced the Restoration of Olympic Games. Later in june
1894 in the international conference of amateur sports at Paris passed the resolution
to create international Olympic committee. The choice of city for the celebration is
with I.O.C.
Paralympics
 Paralympics games is a major international multi-sports event involving athletes
with a range of disabilities , including impaired muscle power , impaired passive
range of movement, leg length difference , vision impaired and intellectual
impairment. Paralympics games are organized in parallel with the olympic games ,
while the IOC recognized special Olympic world games include with intellectual
disabilities and the deaflympics include deaf athletes. the first Paralympics games
were held in Rome , Italy in 1960.
 International Paralympics Committee is the global governing body of the
Paralympics movement. It has 22 sports event at the 2016 Rio Paralympics like
Archery , Athletics , Para canoe , cycling , Football 5-a-side football 7-a-side , goal
ball , judo , power lifting , shooting , swimming , Table-tennis , volleyball ,
wheelchair basketball , wheelchair fencing , wheelchair rugby , wheelchair tennis.
Special Olympic Bharat.
 The special Olympic programme came to India in 1988 with the formation of
special Olympics India in Mumbai Maharashtra , the movement had approx. 10000
athletes enrolled with it at that time.
 Special Olympics bharat is an organization approved by national sports federation
and special Olympics international for the development of person with intellectual
disabilities .
 It gives training and coaching to build the interest in sports ,skill perfection , social
interaction , communication skills etc.
 Special Olympic bharat organizes training and competition events at local ,
district , state , national and international levels. It organizes competitive events in
24 Olympics style individual and team sports events .

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  The best performer is referred to attend national coaching camp supported by sports
authority of India to prepare for international events .
 Special Olympics Bharat also gives training for coaches to deal with intellectual
disabled person. Special Olympics Bharat Program help to improve the over all
health and fitness of athletes by providing basic health check up ,preventive
treatment , educational information etc.

Olympic Symbol Torch Motto Oath

 Olympic Flag: Olympic flag was designed according to Coubertin's
suggestion in 1913 but this was firstly flown to Olympic stadium in 1920 at
Antwerp Olympic games.it consists of five coloured ring circle interlinked with
each other on white background. This flag symbolize supporting attitude of all
people of the various continents. the colures of ring are blue , black , and , red
yellow and green.
Olympic Torch
First time an Olympic flame was ritually lighted in 1928 at amsterdom Olympic. This
Olympic torch symbolises between the ancient and modern Olympic games. The torch
used to spark the flame is first lit by the sunrays at Olympiad (Greece) and carried to the
site of games by relay of runners.
Olympic Prize
 In ancient time the Olympic heroes were awarded with OLIVE crown but in
modern Olympic they are rewarded with medals and certificates . First position
receives GOLD medal , Second Position gets silver and third position gets Bronze
medal . Up to first to six position they also get certificates.
Olympic Motto
 The Olympic Motto is Citius’ Altius’ Fortius which means to perfome for fastest ,
highest , and strongest competition.

Olympic Prize
 In ancient time the Olympic heroes were awarded with OLIVE crown but in
modern Olympic they are rewarded with medals and certificates . First position
receives GOLD medal , Second Position gets silver and third position gets Bronze
medal . Up to first to six position they also get certificates.
Olympic Oath
 Olympic oath is taken by the athlete of the host country. He holds the corners of the
flag on behalf of all Competitors .
 I promise that we shall take part ifn these Olympic Games, respecting and abiding
by the rules that govern them, in the true spirit of sportsmanship, for the glory of
sport and the honor of our teams."
International Olympic Committee
 International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) It is the supreme authority of Olympic
Movement Formed on 23June 1894 in Paris , by Baron de Coubertin Headquarters
in Switzerland . IOC organizes summer and winter Olympic games every 4 years.
The Function of IOC
 Main Functions of IOC : Decides the date & place of the next Olympics.
 Formulates & updates the rules & regulations of the games & events.
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  Promotes ethics in sport & education of youth through sport.
 Ensures the celebration of Olympic Games.
 Acts against discrimination affecting the Olympic movement
 Promotes women in sports at all levels.
 Fight against doping in sport vEncourages “Sport for all”.
 Opposes political or commercial abuse of sport & athletes.
Indian Olympic Association
  Indian Olympic Association Established in 1927 Sir Dorabji Jamshed ji Tata was
first founder President of IOA & was elected President in 1928 .The head Office of
IOA is at New Delhi . Indian Olympic Association is the apex sports organization
of Olympic sports in the India.
Function Of IOA
 Development & promotion of Olympic movement.
 Enforcement of Rules & regulations.
 Full charge and control of all matters related to Olympics
 Encouragement of physical, moral & cultural education of youth.
 Recognizing State Olympic Association & National Sports Federation
 To undertake all responsibilities like selection, transportation, training, welfare of
teams participating in Olympic Games with the help of NSF.
 Take disciplinary action against any federation for misbehavior or any other
undesirable activity bringing discredit to the country .
 To provide training and preparation of players for participation at international level
competitions like Olympic Games , Asian Games , Commonwealth Games , South
Asian Games , World Championship , and other International Games.
National Olympic Committees
 At present, there are 206 NOCs recognized by the IOC. The IOC is the sole
authority to recognize an NOC. Together with the IFs, the NOCs are a constituent
of the Olympic Movement under the leadership of the IOC. The mission of the
NOCs is to develop, promote and protect the Olympic Movement in their respective
countries, in accordance with the Olympic Charter. The Indian Olympic Association
(IOA) is the National Olympic Committee of India.

International Sports Federations

 he International Sports Federations are international non-governmental
organizations recognized by the IOC. IFs administer one or more sports at the world
level. The national federations also administer the sports that are affiliated to them.
IFs are independent sport federations recognized by the International Paralympics
Committee (IPC) as the sole representative of a Paralympics Sports. There are 11
international federations recognized by the

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