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Applet

An applet is a Java program that runs in a web browser. It is embedded in an HTML page and runs on the client side to provide dynamic content. Applets have advantages like less response time since they run on the client side, but require a plugin to execute. Graphics in applets can be displayed using methods in the Graphics class like drawString() and drawImage() can be used to display images by getting the Image object from the Applet class.

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70 views6 pages

Applet

An applet is a Java program that runs in a web browser. It is embedded in an HTML page and runs on the client side to provide dynamic content. Applets have advantages like less response time since they run on the client side, but require a plugin to execute. Graphics in applets can be displayed using methods in the Graphics class like drawString() and drawImage() can be used to display images by getting the Image object from the Applet class.

Uploaded by

Alok
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Java Applet

Applet is a special type of program that is embedded in the webpage to generate


the dynamic content. It runs inside the browser and works at client side.

Advantage of Applet
There are many advantages of applet. They are as follows:

o It works at client side so less response time.


o Secured
o It can be executed by browsers running under many platforms, including
Linux, Windows, Mac Os etc.

Drawback of Applet
o Plugin is required at client browser to execute applet.

Java Application(Frame) Java Applet


Java Applications are the stand-alone Java Applets are small Java programs
programs which can be executed which are designed to exist within HTML
independently web document
Java Applications must have main() Java Applets do not need main() for
method for them to execute execution
Java Applets cannot run independently
Java Applications just needs the JRE
and require API’s
Java Applications do not need to extend Java Applets must extend
any class unless required java.applet.Applet class
Java Applications can execute codes from
Java Applets Applications cannot do so
the local system
Java Applications has access to all the Java Applets has access only to the
resources available in your system browser-specific services
Hierarchy of Applet

Lifecycle of Java Applet

1. Applet is initialized.
2. Applet is started.
3. Applet is stopped.
4. Applet is destroyed.
Lifecycle methods for Applet:
The java.applet.Applet class 4 life cycle methods and java.awt.Component class
provides 1 life cycle methods for an applet.

java.applet.Applet class

For creating any applet java.applet.Applet class must be inherited. It provides 4


life cycle methods of applet.

1. public void init(): is used to initialized the Applet. It is invoked only


once.
2. public void start(): is invoked after the init() method or browser is
maximized. It is used to start the Applet.
3. public void stop(): is used to stop the Applet. It is invoked when Applet
is stop or browser is minimized.
4. public void destroy(): is used to destroy the Applet. It is invoked only
once.

How to run an Applet?


There are two ways to run an applet

1. By html file.
2. By appletViewer tool (for testing purpose).

Simple example of Applet by html file:

To execute the applet by html file, create an applet and compile it. After that
create an html file and place the applet code in html file. Now click the html
file.

//First.java
import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.Graphics;
public class First extends Applet{

public void paint(Graphics g){


g.drawString("welcome",150,150);
}

}
myapplet.html

<html>
<body>
<applet code="First.class" width="300" height="300">
</applet>
</body>
</html>

Displaying Graphics in Applet

java.awt.Graphics class provides many methods for graphics programming.

public void paint(Graphics g): is used to paint the Applet. It provides


Graphics class object that can be used for drawing oval, rectangle, arc etc.

Commonly used methods of Graphics class:


1. public abstract void drawString(String str, int x, int y): is used to draw the
specified string.

2. public void drawRect(int x, int y, int width, int height): draws a rectangle
with the specified width and height.
3. public abstract void fillRect(int x, int y, int width, int height): is used to
fill rectangle with the default color and specified width and height.

4. public abstract void drawOval(int x, int y, int width, int height): is used to
draw oval with the specified width and height.
5. public abstract void fillOval(int x, int y, int width, int height): is used to
fill oval with the default color and specified width and height.
6. public abstract void drawLine(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2): is used to
draw line between the points(x1, y1) and (x2, y2).

7. public abstract void drawArc(int x, int y, int width, int height, int
startAngle, int arcAngle): is used draw a circular or elliptical arc.
8. public abstract void fillArc(int x, int y, int width, int height, int
startAngle, int arcAngle): is used to fill a circular or elliptical arc.
9. public abstract void setColor(Color c): is used to set the graphics current
color to the specified color.
10.public abstract void setFont(Font font): is used to set the graphics current
font to the specified font.
Example of Graphics in applet:

import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.*;

public class GraphicsDemo extends Applet{

public void paint(Graphics g){


g.setColor(Color.red);
g.drawString("Welcome",50, 50);
g.drawLine(20,30,20,300);
g.drawRect(70,100,30,30);
g.fillRect(170,100,30,30);
g.drawOval(70,200,30,30);

g.setColor(Color.pink);
g.fillOval(170,200,30,30);
g.drawArc(90,150,30,30,30,270);
g.fillArc(270,150,30,30,0,180);

}
}
myapplet.html
<html>
<body>
<applet code="GraphicsDemo.class" width="300" height="300">
</applet>
</body>
</html>

Displaying Image in Applet

Applet is mostly used in games and animation. For this purpose image is
required to be displayed. The java.awt.Graphics class provide a method
drawImage() to display the image.

Syntax of drawImage() method:


public abstract boolean drawImage(Image img, int x, int y, ImageObserver
observer): is used draw the specified image.
How to get the object of Image:
The java.applet.Applet class provides getImage() method that returns the object
of Image. Syntax:
public Image getImage(URL u, String image){}
Other required methods of Applet class to display image:
public URL getDocumentBase(): is used to return the URL of the document in
which applet is embedded.
public URL getCodeBase(): is used to return the base URL.

Example of displaying image in applet:

import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;

public class DisplayImage extends Applet {

Image picture;

public void init() {


picture = getImage(getDocumentBase(),"sonoo.jpg");
}

public void paint(Graphics g) {


g.drawImage(picture, 30,30, this);
}

myapplet.html
<html>
<body>
<applet code="DisplayImage.class" width="300" height="300">
</applet>
</body>
</html>

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