SCIENCE 8

Name: ___________________________ Learning Module 5

Gr.& Section: _____________________
Beat the Heat
FIRST QUARTER

What is this module all about?

Heat transfer happens around us all the time. Although we do not see how this process takes place, its
effects are evident. We rely on these effects every day in many things we do. Understanding the concepts
behind heat transfer, therefore, helps us do our activities more efficiently.
This time, you will learn more about heat transfer by exploring its effects on materials. You will also
learn about the factors that affect the amount of heat that an object can absorb or release, and describe how
these are related to the amount of heat transferred. In this module, you will also learn the differences between
heat and temperature.
The topic included in this module: the concept of heat and temperature.

What do you need to learn?

In this module, you are expected to meet the competency: differentiate heat and temperature at the
molecular level.

Pre-Test:
Before we proceed with the lesson, let us first test what you know so far about the topic in this
module. Read the directions carefully and answer the test below.
DIRECTIONS: Supply the missing word/words to complete each statement.
1. The device that measures temperature is called __________.
2. __________ is a degree of hotness and coldness of an object.
3. __________ is a form of energy that is transferred from one body to another due to a difference in
temperature.
4. A hot object will have __________ kinetic energy which means __________ moving particles.
5. A cold object will have __________ kinetic energy which means ___________ moving particles.

Refer to the Answer Key on the last page of this module to check your answers.

Motivational Activity: Feel the Heat!

Direction: Do the simple activity and answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper.

Rub your hands together for 30 seconds.

1. In what kind of situation would you do something like this? Why?

2. How do your hands feel while you’re rubbing them?

3. Is rubbing your hands together useful or helpful?

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 Day 1: Temperature (Synchronous Session)
The perception of hot or cold is related not only to the presence of average kinetic energy or the
varying temperature but also to the specific heat capacity of substances to soak up more energy in rotations,
internal vibrations, and bond stretching. This unit focuses on two concepts: temperature and heat.
Sometimes, we mix up these two words and think that they are the same thing.
Temperature and heat are two different concepts, but they are related to each other. Temperature is
usually associated with heat.

Concept Notes:
• Temperature is the degree of hotness and coldness of an object in layman’s term.
At the molecular level, temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules. We
can say that a body is hot if its molecules are moving fast, and cold if the molecules are moving slowly.

• Thermometer is a device that measures temperature.

➢ The most common type of thermometer is the liquid-in-glass thermometer invented by Grand
Duke of Tuscany, Ferdinand II, in 1650.

➢ Most common type of thermometer scales are:

Celsius- introduced by Anders Celsius Celsius (0 – 100)

Fahrenheit- introduced by Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit Fahrenheit (32 – 212)

Kelvin – introduced by William Thompson also known as Lord Kelvin Kelvin (273 – 373)

Rankine- introduced by William Rankine A temperature of -459.67oF is equal to 0oR

• Ice point (freezing point) is defined as the temperature at which ice melts under a pressure of
1.013x105 Pa or 1 atm.
Celsius = 0oC Fahrenheit= 32oF
Kelvin= 273.15 K Rankine= 491.67oR
• Steam point (boiling point) is defined as the temperature at which water boils under a pressure of
1.013x 105Pa 1 atm.
Celsius = 100oC Fahrenheit= 212oF
Kelvin= 373.15 K Rankine= 672oR

Formula for conversion:

Celsius to Fahrenheit oF = oC x 9 + 32
5
Fahrenheit to Celsius 0C = (0F - 32) x 5

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Celsius to Kelvin K = 0C + 273.16

Examples:

Convert 150 OF to Kelvin (use Fahrenheit to Celsius first, then Celsius to Kelvin).
O
C = (150 – 32) 5 / 9 K = 65.56 + 273
= 65.56 = 338.56

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 For detailed explanation, refer to your book Exploring Life Through Science 2nd Edition The New
Grade 8 on pages 70-74.

Exercise no. 5.1:

Directions: Convert the following units. Show your complete solution. Write your answers on a Learning
Activity Sheet.
1.) 0 OC to K 3.) 90 0F to OC

2.) 303 K to OC 4.) 10 0C to 0F

Day 2: Temperature (Asynchronous Activity)

Activity No. 5.1

Time started:______
Time finished:______

(Precaution: Do this activity with the supervision of an adult.)

Note: Copy and answer the activity on a Learning Activity Sheet.

Title: Dye in Water

Materials Needed:
● 3 transparent glasses ● dropper ● hot water ● tap water ● cold water ● food color

Procedure:
1. Fill the three containers with cold water, tap water, and hot water separately.
2. Use the dropper to place a drop of food color into the center of each container. (Note: It is better to
place drops of food color into the 3 containers simultaneously.)
3. Carefully observe and compare the behaviour of the dye in the three containers.

Questions:
1. What similarities and differences did you observe when a drop of food color was added to each
container?

2. In which container did the food color scatter the fastest? In which did it scatter the slowest?

3. How do you relate the temperature of the water to the rate of scattering of the food color?

To help you prepare for the next lesson, watch the video, What’s the Difference between Heat and
Temperature?, from your flash drive or from the given link.
Source link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2wqtK3GNFdQ

Day 3: Heat and Temperature (Synchronous Session)

Heat and temperature are not the same thing. Actually, heat is a form of energy, while temperature is
how hot or cold something is. While this might be the greatest difference between heat and temperature, it’s

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one of many. Explore the fascinating differences between heat and temperature by looking at each term
individually.
Concept Notes

Heat Temperature

Heat is a form of energy that can transfer from a Temperature is the degree of hotness and coldness
hot body to a cold body. of a body.

Heat is the total kinetic energy and potential Temperature is the average K.E of molecules in a
energy obtained by molecules in an object. substance.

It rises when heated and falls down when an

Heat flows from hot body to cold body.
object is cooled down.

It has a working ability. It does not have the working ability.

Its SI unit is “Joule.” Its SI unit is “Kelvin.”

It is measured by the calorimeter. It is measured by the thermometer.

It is represented by “Q.” It is represented by “T.”

Specific Heat - is the amount of heat needed to change the temperature of a unit mass of a substance
by one degree. Unit used is cal/gOC. Different materials have their specific heat.

Ex. Aluminum – 0.22 cal/gOC Copper – 0.093 cal/gOC

Lead – 0.031 cal/gOC Wood – 0.4 cal/gOC

Computing the specific heat needed to change the temperature of the substance by 1 degree is solved
using the formula:

Q = mc(tf – ti) wherein Q is the specific heat needed,

m is mass,
c is the specific heat of substance,
tf and ti are the final and initial temperature of the substance

For detailed explanation, refer to your book Exploring Life Through Science 2nd Edition The New
Grade 8 on pages 75-77.

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 Example:
The specific heat of aluminum is 900 J/ Kg. C. How much heat is needed to change the temperature
of 2kg object made of aluminum from 280C to 450C?

Given :
c = 900 J/ kg.C tf = 450C ti = 280C m = 2kg

Solution:
H = mc(tf - ti)
H = 2kg x 900J/kg.C (450C – 280C)
H = 21, 600 J

Exercise no. 5.2

Directions: Solve for the specific heat of the following items. Show your complete solution. Write your
answers on a Learning Activity Sheet.
1. 50 grams of wood heated from 30 OC – 50 OC

2. 700 grams of copper heated from 60 OC – 75 OC

Day 4: Thermal Expansion (Asynchronous Activity)

Activity No. 5.2

Time started:______
Time finished:______

Concept Notes

Thermal Expansion- It involves matter increasing its volume, not mass when it is heated. Molecules
expand because of the extra energy given to them, making them move and vibrate more.

Thermal expansion can happen in all phases of matter and has several applications.

For a detailed explanation, refer to your book Exploring Life Through Science Series 2nd Edition The
New Grade 8 on pages 80-84.

Illustration
(NO need to copy the images.)

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 To help you prepare for the next lesson, watch the video – Thermal Expansion and Contraction
of Solids, Liquids and Gases - from your flash drive or from the given link.
Source link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9UtfegG4DU8

Title: Hot Air Balloon

(Precaution: Do this activity with the supervision of an adult)

Materials:
• empty bottle ● deflated balloon ● hot water

Procedure:
1. Take the empty bottle and stretch the balloon over the mouth of the bottle.
2. Heat water in a pan. Place the bottle over the hot water, but make sure water is hot but not
boiling.
3. Observe what happens to the balloon.

Data and Results:

Observation
balloon before heating

balloon after heating

Questions:
1. What happened to the balloon when the air inside was heated?

2. Why did the gas expand inside the balloon when heated?

3. Give two applications of thermal expansion.

Day 5: Post-Test (Synchronous Session)

Let us test what you have learned after accomplishing this module. Please read the directions carefully
and answer the test below.

KNOWLEDGE
A. Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer on the space provided before each number.

_____1. For heat to be transferred between two bodies in contact, they must have different_________.
A. temperature C. specific heats
B. latent heat D. thermal expansion
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____2. It refers to the degree of hotness and coldness of an object.
A. thermal expansion C. specific heats
B. latent heat D. temperature

____3. It refers to the increase in the volume of a substance that results from an increase in the substance’s
temperature.
A. heat C. thermal expansion
B. specific heat D. latent heat

____4. This is the normal body temperature of a person.

A. 37 ˚C C. 39 ˚C
B. 38 ˚C D. 40 ˚C

____5. Water’s freezing point is 00C while its melting point is __________________.
A. slightly less than 00C C. 00C
B. slightly more than 00C D. 320C

B. Directions: Identify the word or group of words that best describes each given statement.

______________1. It involves matter increasing its volume, not mass when it is heated.

______________2. It is a device that measures temperature.

______________3. The temperature at which water boils under a pressure of 1.013x 105Pa 1 atm.

______________4. This is the freezing point of water.

______________5. He introduced the Fahrenheit scale.

UNDERSTANDING
C. Directions: Answer the following questions in not more than five sentences.
1. How can heat be beneficial in our daily life?

2. Why do we need to know what temperature is?

Rubrics
Criterion 5 4 3 2 1
Content Gives a very clear Gives a clear Gives a clear Gives a somewhat Fails to give a clear
answer/explanation answer/explanation answer/explanation clear answer/explanation
and shows very neat and shows neat work but with erasures. answer/explanation but shows effort
work

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 You are done with Module 5. Congratulations! You made it!
For clarifications, don’t hesitate to consult your teacher.

Answer Key
Here are the answers in the pre-test. Please look at this part only after accomplishing the test. Honesty is
STILL the best policy. Please check your answers and determine how much knowledge you have attained.

less, slower 5.
more, faster 4.
heat 3.
temperature 2.
thermometer 1.

How many items did you get correctly?

Get ready to learn more in the next learning module!

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means without prior written permission of the author.