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Lab07.Filesystem Management

Linux uses a filesystem to organize and manage files. It uses partitions to logically separate storage space and mount points to attach filesystems. Files have attributes like ownership, permissions and links that control access. Commands like ls, cd, mkdir and rm allow navigating and managing the filesystem. Disk space can be monitored and quotas set using tools like df, du and quotas.

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47 views

Lab07.Filesystem Management

Linux uses a filesystem to organize and manage files. It uses partitions to logically separate storage space and mount points to attach filesystems. Files have attributes like ownership, permissions and links that control access. Commands like ls, cd, mkdir and rm allow navigating and managing the filesystem. Disk space can be monitored and quotas set using tools like df, du and quotas.

Uploaded by

BCO
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Linux 101

Filesystem Management
Filesystem Basics

mount <device> <mountpoint>


/ umount
mounting
…
bin dev var home

dir1

hard
a b c d
link dir2 dir3 dir4

Partition
Partition

super … …
block

index nodes, i-nodes data blocks


Managing Links

LINK
Different identity for the same file

Hard link Soft link (symbolic)

ln [options] target [link]


-s, --symbolic
-f, --force
-I, --interactive

Advantages
• make data available in multiple places without duplication
• give multiple names to the same command

Hard links cannot be created between filesystems


File Ownership
Linux file security is build upon:
• file ownership
• file permissions

• owner
• owner
ownership permissions • group
• group
(two tiered) (three tiered) • others

Files can be owned by non-login accounts


User and Group are represented internally by numbers

can only be run by root


chown [options] [newowner][:newgroup] filename

chgrp [options] newgroup filename


File Permissions
group permissions

- r w x r – x r - x
file type code owner permissions others (world) permissions

r read 4
w write 2 Symlinks always have 777
x execute 1 permissions.

Changing the permissions on a


SUID s in owner execute bit
symlink affects the targeted file.
SGID s in group execute bit
Sticky bit t in world execute bit
Changing Permissions

chmod [options] [mode[,mode]] filename


octal number NNNN
mode
symbolic form = <permission-set> <op> <perms>
u + r
g - w
o = x
a X
s
Permissions can only be adjusted by owner and root. t
Set Default Mode:
umask <mask> u
g
Mask is subtracted from 0666 for files and o
0777 for directories.
File Attributes
-
chattr + attr file
=

Attributes:
a - append only
i - immutable
s - secure deletion
t - no tail merge
A - no access time updates
j - journal (not on ext2)
Disk Quotas

quotas require support in the kernel

in the filesystem

mount options in /etc/fstab:


usrquota grpquota

edquota <user>
edquota -t set grace period
quotacheck on a filesystem basis
Locating Files

Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS)

shareable unshareable
static /usr /etc
/opt /boot
/home /var/run
variable /var/mail /var/lock

find [path…] [expression…]


locate <search_string>
Searches for binary, configuration and
whereis documentation of a program
which
Searches environment path for the first occurrence
of the program

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