EMT1026 Engineering Mathematics 2 IT Appendices

APPENDIX A.1: Common Laplace Transform Pairs

f (t ) F (s ) = L { f (t )}
1. 1 1/s
2. t 1/s2

tn n!
3. , n = 1,2, K
s n +1
1
4. e at
s−a
cos at s
5.
s + a2
2

sin at a
6.
s + a2
2

cosh at s
7.
s − a2
2

sinh at a
8.
s − a2
2

u (t − a ) e − as
9. , a≥0
s
10. δ (t − a ) e− as

APPENDIX A.2: Laplace Transform Properties

Property Name Formula
1. Linearity L{af (t ) + bg (t )} = aL{ f (t )} + bL{g (t )}
2. s - shifting { }
L e at f (t ) = F (s − a )
Transform of Derivative L{ f ' (t )} = sL{ f (t )} − f (0)
3.
L{ f ' ' (t )} = s 2 L{ f (t )} − sf (0 ) − f ' (0 )
Transform of Integral  t  1
4. L ∫ f (τ )dτ  = F (s )
 0  s
5. t - shifting L{u (t − a ) f (t − a )} = e − as F (s )
6. Differentiation of Transform L{t. f (t )} = − F ' (s )
 f (t ) 
Integration of Transform ∞
 = ∫ F (s )ds
7. L ~ ~
 t  s
Convolution Theorem L{ f (t ) ∗ g (t )} = F (s ).G (s ) ,
t
where f (t ) ∗ g (t ) = ∫ f (τ )g (t − τ )dτ .
8.
0

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Integral Transforms 1 Trim 3, 2018/19
 EMT1026 Engineering Mathematics 2 IT Appendices

APPENDIX B.1: Common Fourier Transform Pairs

f (t ) F (w ) f (t ) F (w )
1, −a < t < a 2 sin aw 1 − w4
2

 e −t
2
1. 6. e
0, otherwise π w 2
t2
1 1 − 1 − a 2 w2
2. u (t )e − at 7. 1
e (2 a )
2
e
2π (a + iw) 2a π 2π
1 1 1 1
3. u (− t )e at 8.
2π (a − iw) t w
t
−a t
2 a −a
 a π 2 a3
4. e 9. e 2
sin  t+ 
π (w2 + a 2 )  2 4 π (a 4 + w4 )
−a w
1 π e δ (t − a )
1 −iaw
e
5. 10.
t 2 + a2 2 a 2π

APPENDIX B.2: Fourier Transform Properties

Property Name Formula

1. Linearity ℑ{af (t ) + bg (t )} = aℑ{ f (t )} + bℑ{g (t )}

2. w-shifting { }
ℑ e iat f (t ) = F (w − a )

3. t-shifting ℑ{ f (t − a )} = e −iaw F (w)

ℑ{ f ' (t )} = iwℑ{ f (t )}

4. Transform of Derivative ℑ{ f ' ' (t )} = − w 2 ℑ{ f (t )}

{ }
ℑ f (n ) (t ) = (iw) ℑ{ f (t )}
n

ℑ{ f (t ) ∗ g (t )} = 2π F (w)G (w) ,
5. Convolution Theorem t
where f (t ) ∗ g (t ) = ∫ f (τ )g (t − τ )dτ .
0

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Integral Transforms 2 Trim 3, 2018/19
EMT1026 Engineering Mathematics 2 IT Appendices

APPENDIX C.1: Common z-Transform Pairs

{x k }∞k =0 Z {x k }
z
1. 1 , z >1
z −1
z
2. ak , z>a
z−a
z
3. k , z >1
(z − 1)2
az
4. ka k , z>a
(z − a )2
z (z + 1) , z >1
5. k2 (z − 1)3
az (z + a ) , z>a
6. k 2a k (z − a )3

APPENDIX C.2: z-Transform Properties

Property Name Formula

1. Linearity Z {ax k + by k } = aZ {xk } + bZ {y k }

1
2. Delay Shift Z {xk −n } = X (z )
zn
Z {xk +1 } = zX ( z ) − zx0

Z {xk + 2 } = z 2 X ( z ) − z 2 x0 − zx1
3. Advance Shift
n −1
Z {xk + n } = z n X ( z ) − ∑ z n− j x j
j =0

4. Multiplication by a k { }
Z a k xk = X ( z / a )
d
5. Multiplication by k Z {kxk } = − z X (z )
dz
Z {xk ∗ y k } = X ( z )Y ( z ) ,
6. Convolution Theorem k
where xk ∗ y k = ∑ x j y k − j .
j =0

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Integral Transforms 3 Trim 3, 2018/19