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    12V DC To 220V AC Converter

    Uploaded by

    Aedrian M Lopez
    This document describes a circuit to convert 12V DC to 220V AC using transistors. The circuit contains an oscillator that produces a square wave at 50Hz. The signal is amplified by transistors and applied to a step-up transformer. The transformer converts the 12V AC to 220V AC, which can be used to power loads up to 35W. The circuit produces a non-pure square wave AC output and is inexpensive but less efficient than more expensive pure sine wave inverters.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    12V DC To 220V AC Converter

    Uploaded by

    Aedrian M Lopez
    268 views7 pages
    This document describes a circuit to convert 12V DC to 220V AC using transistors. The circuit contains an oscillator that produces a square wave at 50Hz. The signal is amplified by transistors and applied to a step-up transformer. The transformer converts the 12V AC to 220V AC, which can be used to power loads up to 35W. The circuit produces a non-pure square wave AC output and is inexpensive but less efficient than more expensive pure sine wave inverters.

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    12V DC to 220V AC Converter

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    This document describes a circuit to convert 12V DC to 220V AC using transistors. The circuit contains an oscillator that produces a square wave at 50Hz. The signal is amplified by transistors and applied to a step-up transformer. The transformer converts the 12V AC to 220V AC, which can be used to power loads up to 35W. The circuit produces a non-pure square wave AC output and is inexpensive but less efficient than more expensive pure sine wave inverters.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    268 views7 pages

    12V DC To 220V AC Converter

    Uploaded by

    Aedrian M Lopez
    This document describes a circuit to convert 12V DC to 220V AC using transistors. The circuit contains an oscillator that produces a square wave at 50Hz. The signal is amplified by transistors and applied to a step-up transformer. The transformer converts the 12V AC to 220V AC, which can be used to power loads up to 35W. The circuit produces a non-pure square wave AC output and is inexpensive but less efficient than more expensive pure sine wave inverters.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 7

    12V DC to 220V AC Converter

    Inverters are often needed at places where it is not possible to get AC supply from the
    Mains. An inverter circuit is used to convert the DC power to AC power. Inverters can be
    of two types True/pure sine wave inverters and quasi or modified inverters. These true
    /pure sine wave inverters are costly, while modified or quasi inverters are inexpensive.

    These modified inverters produce a square wave and these are not used to power
    delicate electronic equipment. Here, a simple voltage driven inverter circuit using power
    transistors as switching devices is build, which converts 12V DC signal to single phase
    220V AC.

    Table of Contents
     Principle Behind this Circuit
     Inverter circuit Using Transistors
    o Circuit Diagram
    o Components required
    o Working
    o Output Video
     12v DC to 220v AC Converter Circuit Using Astable Multivibrator
    o Circuit Design Explanation
    o 12v DC to 220v AC Converter Circuit Operation
    o Applications of 12v DC to 220v AC Converter Circuit
    o Limitations

    Principle Behind this Circuit


    The basic idea behind every inverter circuit is to produce oscillations using the given DC
    and apply these oscillations across the primary of the transformer by amplifying the
    current. This primary voltage is then stepped up to a higher voltage depending upon the
    number of turns in primary and secondary coils.

    Also get an idea about 12V to 24V DC Converter Circuit

    Inverter circuit Using Transistors


    A 12V DC to 220 V AC converter can also be designed using simple transistors. It can
    be used to power lamps up to 35W but can be made to drive more powerful loads by
    adding more MOSFETS.

    The inverter implemented in this circuit is a square wave inverter and works with
    devices that do not require pure sine wave AC.

    Circuit Diagram
    Components required
     12v Battery
     MOSFET IRF 630 -2
     2N2222 Transistors
     2.2uf capacitors-2
     Resistor
     680 ohm-2
     12k-2
     12v-220v center tapped step up transformer.

     2N2222 Datasheet
     IRF630 Datasheet

    Working
    The circuit can be divided into three parts: oscillator, amplifier and transformer. A 50Hz
    oscillator is required as the frequency of AC supply is 50Hz.

    This can be achieved by constructing an Astable multivibrator which produces a square


    wave at 50Hz. In the circuit, R1, R2, R3, R4, C1, C2, T2 and T3 form the oscillator.

    Each transistor produces inverting square waves. The values of R1, R2 and C1 (R4, R3
    and C2 are identical) will decide the frequency. The formula for the frequency of square
    wave generated by the astable multivibrator is

    F = 1/(1.38*R2*C1)
    The inverting signals from the oscillator are amplified by the Power MOSFETS T1 and
    T4. These amplified signals are given to the step-up transformer with its center tap
    connected to 12V DC.

    Output Video
    https://youtu.be/MhxtwV-0Owg

    The turns ratio of the transformer must be 1:19 in order to convert 12V to 220V. The
    transformer combines both the inverting signals to generate a 220V alternating square
    wave output.
    By using a 24V battery, loads up to 85W can be powered, but the design is inefficient.
    In order to increase the capacity of the inverter, the number of MOSFETS must be
    increased.

    To design a 100 watt Inverter read Simple 100 Watt inverter


    (https://www.electronicshub.org/simple-100w-inverter/)

    12v DC to 220v AC Converter Circuit Using Astable


    Multivibrator
    Inverter circuits can either use thyristors as switching devices or transistors. Normally for
    low and medium power applications, power transistors are used. The reason for using
    power transistor is they have very low output impedance, allowing maximum current to
    flow at the output.

    One of the important applications of a transistor is in switching. For this application, the
    transistor is biased in saturation and cut-off region.

    When the transistor is biased in saturation region, both the collector emitter and collector
    base junctions are forward biased. Here the collector emitter voltage is minimum and
    collector current is maximum.

    Another important aspect of this circuit is the oscillator. An important use of 555 Timer IC
    is in its use as an astable multivibrator.

    An astable multivibrator produces an output signal which switches between the two states
    and hence can be used as an oscillator. The frequency of oscillation is determined by the
    values of capacitor and resistors.

    [Also Read: How To Make an Adjustable


    Timer (https://www.electronicshub.org/adjustable-timer/)00 ]
    Circuit Diagram

    Circuit Diagram of 12v DC to 220v AC Converter – ElectronicsHub.Org

    Circuit Components

     V1 = 12V
     R1 = 10K
     R2 = 150K
     R3 = 10Ohms
     R4 = 10Ohms
     Q1 = TIP41
     Q2 = TIP42
     D1 = D2 = 1N4007
     C3 = 2200uF
     T1 = 12V/220V step up transformer

    Circuit Design Explanation


    Oscillator Design:An astable multivibrator can be used as an oscillator. Here an astable
    multivibrator using 555 timer is designed. We know, frequency of oscillations for a 555
    timer in astable mode is given by:

    f = 1.44/(R1+2*R2)*C

    where R1 is the resistance between discharge pin and Vcc, R2 is the resistance between
    discharge pin and threshold pin and C is capacitance between threshold pin and
    ground. Also the duty cycle of the output signal is given by:
    D = (R1+R2)/(R1+2*R2)

    Since our requirement is f =50Hz and D = 50% and assuming C to be 0.1uF, we can
    calculate the values of R1 and R2 to be 10K and 140K Ohms respectively. Here we prefer
    using a 150K potentiometer to fine tune the output signal.

    Also a ceramic capacitor of 0.01uF is used between the control pin and ground.

    Switching Circuit Design:Our main aim is to develop an AC signal of 220V. This


    requires use of high power transistors to allow the flow of maximum amount of current to
    the load. For this reason we use a power transistor TIP41 with a maximum collector
    current of 6A, where the base current is given by the collector current divided by the DC
    current gain. This gives a bias current of about 0.4A *10, i.e.4A. However since this
    current is more than the maximum base current of the transistor, we prefer a value less
    than the maximum base current. Let us assume the bias current to be 1A. The bias
    resistor is then given by

    Rb = (Vcc – VBE(ON))/Ibias

    For each transistor, the VBE(ON) is about 2V. Thus Rb for each is calculated to be 10 Ohms.
    Since the diodes are used for biasing, the forward voltage drop across the diodes should
    be equal to the forward voltage drops across the transistors. For this reason, diodes
    1N4007 are used.

    The design considerations for both the PNP and NPN transistors are same. We are using
    a PNP power transistor TIP42.

    Output Load Design: Since the output from the switching circuit is a pulse width
    modulated output, it might contain harmonic frequencies other than the fundamental AC
    frequency. For this reason, an electrolyte capacitor needs to be used to allow only the
    fundamental frequency to pass through it. Here we use an electrolyte capacitor of
    2200uF, large enough to filter out the harmonics. Since it is required to get 220V output,
    it is preferred to use a step up transformer. Here a 12V/220V step up transformer is used.

    12v DC to 220v AC Converter Circuit Operation


     When this device is powered using the 12V battery, the 555 timer connected in
    astable mode produces square wave signal of 50Hz frequency.
     When the output is at logic high level, diode D2 will conduct and the current will
    pass through diode D1, R3 to the base of transistor Q1.
     Thus transistor Q1 will be switched on. When the output is at logic low level, diode
    D1 will conduct and current will flow via and D1 and R4 to the base of Q2, causing
    it to be switched on.
     This allows the DC voltage to be produced across the primary of the transformer at
    alternate intervals. The capacitor ensures that the frequency of the signal is at the
    required fundamental frequency.
     This 12V AC signal across the primary of the transformer is then stepped up to 220V
    AC signal across the transformer secondary.

    Applications of 12v DC to 220v AC Converter Circuit


    1. This circuit can be used in cars and other vehicles to charge small batteries.
    2. This circuit can be used to drive low power AC motors
    3. It can be used in solar power system.

    Limitations
    1. Since 555 Timer is used, the output may slightly vary around the required duty cycle
    of 50%, i.e. exact 50% duty cycle signal is hard to achieve.
    2. Use of transistors reduces the efficiency of the circuit.
    3. Use of switching transistors has the possibility of causing cross over distortion in
    the output signal. However this limitation has been reduced to some extent by the
    use of biasing diodes.

    Note

    Instead of 555 timer one can use any astable multivibrator. For example this circuits can
    also be build using 4047 astable multivibrator,whose output current is amplified and
    applied to the transformer.

    Reference:

    https://www.electronicshub.org/12v-dc-220v-ac-converter-circuit/

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