10

SCIENCE
Quarter II – Week 2
Electromagnetic Spectrum:
A Journey to High Frequency
EM Waves

CONTEXTUALIZED LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PUERTO PRINCESA CITY
Science – Grade 10
Contextualized Learning Activity Sheets (CLAS)
Quarter II - Week 2: Electomagnetic Spectrum: A Journey to High Frequency EM Waves
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, Section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for the exploitation of such work for a
profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment
of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this CLAS are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.

Published by the Schools Division of Puerto Princesa City

Development Team of Contextualized Learning Activity Sheets

Writer: Liza C. Magallon

Content Editor: Rena M. Brillantes

Language Editor: Meguilito D. Campillos

Proofreader: Meguilito D. Campillos

Reviewer: Rolando A. Taha EdD.

Illustrators: Liza C. Magallon, Robbie P. Cayanan

Layout Artist: Robbie P. Cayanan

Management Team:
Servillano A. Arzaga, CESO V, SDS
Loida P. Adornado PhD. ASDS
Cyril C. Serador PhD. CID Chief
Ronald S. Brillantes, EPS-LRMS Manager
Rolando A. Taha EdD. EPS-Science
Eva Joyce C. Presto, PDO II
Rhea Ann A. Navilla, Librarian II

Division LR Evaluators: Ronald S. Brillantes, Mary Jane J. Parcon, Liezel O. Arosio,

Carissa M. Calalin, Carmencita B. Daculap

Division of Puerto Princesa City-Learning Resource Management Section (LRMS)

Sta. Monica Heights, Brgy. Sta. Monica, Puerto Princesa City
Telephone No.: (048) 434 9438
Email Address: [email protected]
Name: Grade & Section:

Lesson 1
Electromagnetic Spectrum:
A Journey to High Frequency EM Waves

MELC: Compare the relative wavelengths of different forms of electromagnetic waves

(S10FE-IIa-b-47).
Objectives: 1. Describe electromagnetic waves
2. Demonstrate the wavelengths of different forms of high frequency EM waves
3. Determine the types of waves that make up each form of high frequency EM
waves

Let’s Explore and Discover

In the morning, you are usually awakened by rays of
Unlocking light passing through your windows. On a weekday, this
of signifies that you should prepare for school. Sometimes, you
Difficulties
boil water for a cup of milk and place slices of bread for
breakfast in your electric bread toaster.
Electromagnetic At home, when you want to watch your favorite TV show
(EM) wave is a
and even listen to news, you just press the button in the
disturbance in a field
that carries energy remote control. In the bathroom of malls, you no longer turn
and does not require a the faucet on or off. You just simply put your hands under
medium to travel. the faucet, and water flows out and stops once you remove
(Source: Herma D. your hands from it.
Acosta et. al., Science
Did you know that electromagnetic waves are involved
10-Learner’s Material,
Pasig City: DepEd- in these activities? What do you think are electromagnetic
IMCS, 2015, 166.) waves? How are they formed?
In 1865, James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) formulated the electromagnetic
theory, that established a closer relationship between electromagnetism and light.
He presumed that a changing electric field induces a magnetic field and that a
changing magnetic field, in turn, generates an electric field. From this belief, Maxwell
predicted the existence of electromagnetic waves.
According to Maxwell, electromagnetic waves are disturbances produced by
accelerated charges, such as vibrating electrons, which cause a changing electric
field E and a changing magnetic field B. These waves move through empty space at
the speed of light (c = 3 x 10⁸ m/s). These waves are transverse, and have an electric
and a magnetic components. Each component is perpendicular to the other and
both perpendicular to the direction of wave motion (see Figure 1).

1
 “ Figure 1. Electric and magnetic
fields in an electromagnetic wave
are perpendicular to each other
and to the direction of propagation
of the wave.

(Source: Physics, Electromagnetic Wave, New York: Stack Overflow, February 7,

2020, accessed October 28, 2020,
https://physics.stackexchange.com /questions/353660/em-waves-how-
they-propagate.)
Heinrich R. Hertz (1857-1894), a German scientist, proved the predictions of
Maxwell. He showed how electromagnetic waves can be generated and detected using his
apparatus (see Figure 2). This is the reason why electromagnetic waves are also called
Hertzian waves.

Figure 2. Hertz Apparatus

(Source: John D. Jenkins, Hertz Apparatus, 800x600 256 color display, accessed October
28, 2020, Vintage Radio & Scientific Apparatus, Spark Museum of Electrical
Invention, Washington, http://www.sparkmuseum.com/BOOK_HERTZ.HTM.)

The Hertz apparatus contains a

primary coil A and a secondary coil B. The
secondary coil is linked to two metal balls
through an air gap. When an alternating
current is produced in A, a high voltage is
induced in B, thus, generating sparks
between the metal balls. The sparks across
the gap send out electromagnetic waves (see Figure 3. Hertz Experimental Setup
Figure 3). (Source: Hertz Experimental Setup, accessed
October 29, 2020, https://selfstudy
point.in/hertz-experiment/.)

Hertz studied the propagated waves by bending a piece of wire to create a short air
gap between its ends. The air gap served as a detector, which was a distance away from the
oscillating spark. Hertz noticed that whenever sparks were produced across the gap
between the metal balls in the secondary coil, a spark also occurred in the detector. This
means that waves sent by the induction coil could be detected at some distance away.

Hertz calculated the speed of the electromagnetic waves and he found it to be equal
to the measured speed of light, just like Maxwell predicted. Hertz showed that the
electromagnetic waves generated may be focused, reflected, and refracted like light waves.

With his electromagnetic theory and Hertz’s fndings, Maxwell found that light itself
must be a form of an electromagnetic wave. This conclusion meant that light and
electromagnetism are closely related.

2
 Since electric and magnetic disturbances radiate from a source, the phrase
“electromagnetic radiation” is used interchangeably with the phrase “electromagnetic
waves.”

Electromagnetic waves are formed when an electric field comes in contact with a
magnetic field. They are hence known as “electromagnetic” waves. The electric field and
magnetic field of an electromagnetic wave are perpendicular (at right angles) to each other.
They are also perpendicular to the direction of the EM wave.
(Source: “Electromagnetic Waves,” The Economics Times, accessed October
29,2020, https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/electromagnetic-
waves.)

Electric waves are radiations in the form of heat, light, and electromagnetic energy,
which are propagated in space at the speed of light. When electromagnetic radiation in the
form of light is broken up into different colors, the band of colors is called the visible
spectrum.

The Electromagnetic Spectrum is a continuum of electromagnetic waves arranged

according to frequency and wavelength. It is a gradual progression from the waves of lowest
frequencies to the waves of highest frequencies. According to increasing frequency, the EM
spectrum includes: radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and
gamma rays. These types of electromagnetic waves are defined by the energy
carried/possessed by the photons. From among the waves, the gamma rays have photons
of high energies while radio waves have photons with the lowest energies.
(Source: Herma D. Acosta et al., Science 10-Learner’s Material, Pasig City:
Department of Education,2015, 147.)

In your week 1 learning activity sheet, it has been mentioned that Electromagnetic
Spectrum (EMS) (see Figure 4) is divided into two categories: the Low Frequency EM
Waves (Radio, Microwave, Infrared, and Visible) and the High Frequency EM Waves, your
lesson focused on Low Frequency EM Waves. This time, join me in this week’s learning, we
will take a journey in the world of High Frequency EM waves.

Figure 4. Electromagnetic Spectrum

(Source: Allen Gathman, Electromagnetic Spectrum, accessed November 8, 2020,
https://www.flickr.com/photos/93525584@N00/5428089105.
License by-nc-sa 2.0)

3
 Let’s Practice
1.)The wavelength of (TELIVOTARUL SARY) __________________
ranges from 400 x 10-3 m down to about 100 x 10-3 m.

Assemble is the 2.) (X-RYAS) ________________ are electromagnetic waves whose

key! wavelength ranges between 100 x 10-9 m and 0.1 x 10-9 m.
Directions:
3.) (MAGMA ARYS’) ___________________ wavelength ranges from
Arrange the slightly less than 10-10 to approximately 10-14 m.
following jumbled
words in each Let’s Pose and Think
sentence. Write
your answer on the What are the terms you have formed? Arrange each term
space provided. according to their increasing wavelengths.

Objectives: (1) Block UV rays of the sun; and (2) discover the
effects of UV rays.
Screen the UV Out! Materials: Ziplock snack bag, newspaper, sunscreen/sunblock,
black construction paper, permanent marker.
Directions:
Procedure: (1) Cut a piece of newspaper to fit snugly inside a
This activity should
Ziplock snack bag; (2) outside the bag, draw two lines with a
be done early in the
marker dividing the bag into three equal parts from the top of the
morning so as to
bag to the bottom; (3) apply a thin coat of sunscreen in the
expose the materials
leftmost part; (4) cover the middle part with black construction
throughout the day.
paper; (5) the right part should be left fully exposed; (6) place the
snack bag in a place fully exposed to sunlight; (7) recover the
snack bag in the afternoon. (NOTE: For a more noticeable result, continue exposing the
material for several days. Perform the same activity during a cloudy day or indside the
house. Observe and compare the degree of effect to that during a bright sunny day.)

Let’s Pose and Think

(1) Based on your observation after the activity, how do the three divisions of the
newsprint vary?

(2) What does this indicate?

(3) How does this realization impact your personal life?

(Source: Herma D. Acosta et. al., Science 10 Learner’s Material,

Pasig City: Department of Education, 2015, 161.)
4
 Let’s Do More

The UV Rays

Directions:

Analyze the
illustration given on
Figure 5. Answer
each question Figure 5. The three forms of UV rays: UVA, UVB, and UVC.
provided. ( Source: Lynnea Waters, Ultraviolet Rays, How UV radiation causes DNA
mutations, Bitesize Bio Marketing Science Squared Limited, UK,
September 19, 2017, accessed October 30, 2020, https://bitesizebio
.com/36762/how-uv-radiation-causes-dna-mutations/.)

Let’s Pose and Think

(1)How do UVA, UVB, and UVC rays differ from one another?

(2) A study conducted by Hiroshima University researchers found that using Ultraviolet C
light with a wavelength of 222 nanometers which is safer to use around humans
effectively kills SARS-CoV-2, the first to research in the world to prove its efficacy against
the virus that causes Covid-19. An in vitro experiment by HU researchers showed that
99.7% of the SARS-CoV-2 viral culture was killed after a 30-second exposure to 222 nm
UVC irradiation at 0.1 mW/cm2 (“A Safer UV light effectively kills virus causing COVID-19 study
shows,” Hiroshima University, date modified September 17, 2020, accessed November 3, 2020,
https://www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2020/09/200917105345.htm.)

Lamps (such as Light-emitting diodes, LEDs) may emit UV wavelengths at 222 nm

or 254 nm (“Lamps,” U.S. Food and Drug Administration, date moAugust 19, 2020, accessed November
3, 2020, https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices/uv-lights-.)
Do you think LED lamps can inactivate the SARS-CoV-2 virus (the virus that causes
the Corona Virus Disease 2019 or COVID-19)? Why do you say so?.

X-rays were first observed and documented in 1895 by

Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen, a German scientist who found them
quite by accident when experimenting with vacuum tubes. A
Passage Hitting! week after he first observed them, he took an X-ray photograph
of his wife’s hand (see Figure 6), which clearly revealed her
Directions: Read
wedding ring and her bones. The photograph electrified the
the passage. Answer
general public and aroused great scientific interest in the new
the questions
form of radiation. Roentgen called it “X” to indicate it was an
provided.
unknown type of radiation. The name stuck, although many of
his colleagues suggested calling them Roentgen rays.
5
 Gamma rays were first observed in 1900 by Paul Villard
when he was investigating radiation from radium. A few years later,
Ernest Rutherford proposed the name “gamma rays,” for this new
radiation, and the name stuck. Like X-rays, the exact nature of
gamma rays took a little while for scientist to work out. In 1914,
when Rutherford observed that they could be reflected off the layers
of a crystal, it was clear that they were akin to X-rays (in other
words another form of light), but with much shorter wavelengths.
Figure 6. Mrs. Roentgen’s hand
with ring
(Source: Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA), “Discovering the
Electromagnetic Spectrum,” December 22, 2014,
accessed November 3, 2020, imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov.)

Let’s Pose and Think

1. Why do bones appear in the x-ray film while the soft tissues do not?

2. What allows the gamma rays to penetrate many kinds of materials such as
walls?

3. How do x-rays and gamma rays differ from each other?

Let’s Sum It Up
Directions: Think of word/s that you have learned from this lesson and complete the
following starter phrases. Be guided of the given example.

Example
I believe that I know about Electromagnetic Waves.
First, I believe that EM waves are from magnetic and electric fields.
1. What words suggest that we need to estimate?
Second, I believe that EM waves can travel through air, solid material or vacuum.

Finally, I believe that EM waves can split into a range of frequencies.

I believe that I know about _____________________________________________________

First, I believe that ____________________________________________________________

Second, I believe that __________________________________________________________

Finally, I believe that___________________________________________________________

Good job! You are almost at the end of this journey. Before you move to the next activity
sheet, please do self reflection, and answer Let’s Assess on the next page.

6
 Let’s Assess
Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct. Otherwise, if the statement is
incorrect, write the word(s) that will make the statement right. Write your answer on the
space provided before each number.

1. Electromagnetic waves are disturbances produced by accelerated

charges which generate a changing electric field and a changing
magnetic field.

2. James Clerk Maxwell predicted the existence of electromagnetic

waves, which were first generated and detected by Heinrich Hertz.

3. The term ‘electromagnetic radiation’ is used interchangeably with

the ‘wavelengths.’

4. The EM waves are arranged in order of increasing frequency or

decreasing wavelength.

5. Electromagnetic waves are classified as high frequency EM waves

only.

6. The high frequency EM waves include ultraviolet rays, x-rays, and

gamma rays.

7. Ultraviolet radiation is the electromagnetic wave that can cause

sunburn.

8. X-rays are electromagnetic waves that have low energy and can
penetrate some solid matter.

9. Gamma rays are electromagnetic radiation that have the shortest

wavelength but highest energy.

10. The high frequency EM waves carry more energy than low frequency
waves.

7
 Answer Key
Let’s Practice
• ULTRAVIOLET RAYS; (2) X-RAYS; (3) GAMMA RAYS.
For Let’s Pose and Think: Ultraviolet rays, X-rays, Gamma rays.

(1)The newsprint in the fully-exposed part of the newspaper faded more

dramatically than the other parts; (2) It indicates that sunlight,
specifically the UV rays in it, affect the pigments of different objects; (3) I
realized that we need to protect our skin from UV rays by using
protective clothes or lotion that can block UV rays in sunlight.

Let’s Do More Let’s Sum It Up

Let’s Pose and Think Student will provide his/her word and complete the

(1) X-rays are high energy starter phrases. His/her statements are correct
Let’ Pose and Think
waves that can penetrate provided that the informations stated are related to
(1) UVA and UVB travel several centimeters into most
solid objects, this allows to the chosen word.
into the troposphere
while UVC only reaches form visual images of bones in
the mesosphere; they the body.
differ in terms of
(2) Gamma rays have very
wavelength and depth to
which they penetrate
high penetrating power, it can Let’s Assess
penetrate many kinds of (1)TRUE; (2) TRUE; (3) Electromagnetic waves;
Earth’s atmosphere;
materials such as concrete
more UVA penetrates (4) TRUE; (5) low-frequency EM waves & high frequency EM
walls to 3 m thick and human
Earth than UVB and
tissues. waves; (6) TRUE; (7) TRUE; (8) high; (9) TRUE; (10) TRUE00
UVC. (2) Yes. Because
lamps have UV
(3) Gamma rays are emitted by
wavelengths of 254 nm
the nucleus of a radioactive
or 222 nm which
nuclide (atom), while x-rays
according to HU
are emitted by electrons that
researchers, UVC with a
surround the nucleus; or
wavelength of 222 nm
gamma rays have shorter
effectively kills SARS-
wavelengths than x-rays.
CoV-2 causing Covid 19.

References
Book
Acosta, Herma D., Liza A. Alvarez, Dave G. Angeles, Ruby D. Arre, Ma. Pilar P. Carmona, Aurelia S.
Garcia, Arlen Gatpo, Judith F. Marcaida, Ma. Regaele A. Olarte, Marivic S. Rosales, Nilo G.
Salazar. Science 10 Learner’s Material, Pasig City: Department of Education, 2015, 147,
161, 166.

Electronic Resources
The Economics Times. “Electromagnetic Waves.” Accessed October 29,2020.
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/electromagnetic-waves.
Goddard Space Flight Center. “Discovering the Electromagnetic Spectrum.” Last modified December
22, 2014. Accessed November 3, 2020. imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov.
Hiroshima University. “A Safer UV light effectively kills virus causing COVID-19, study shows.”
Last modified September 17, 2020. Accessed November 3, 2020.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/09/200917105345.htm.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. “Lamps.” Last modified August 19, 2020. Accessed November
3, 2020. https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-
devices/uv-lights.

8
FEEDBACK SLIP

A. FOR THE LEARNER

Thank you very much for using this CLAS. This learner’s
material is aimed at ensuring your worthwhile learning through the
help of your family members. For feedback purposes, kindly answer YES NO
the following questions:

1. Are you happy and contented with your learning experiences

using this CLAS?

2. Were you able to follow the processes and procedures that were
indicated in the different learning activities?

3. Were you guided by anybody from your family while using this
CLAS?

4. Was there any part of this CLAS that you found difficult? If yes,
please specify what it was and why.

B. FOR THE PARENTS / GUARDIANS

Do you have any suggestions or recommendations on how we

can make improvements to this CLAS to better serve the learners?

Yes (Please indicate what this is/these are.)

None

Contact Number: __________________________________

NAME OF SCHOOL:

Teacher’s Name and Signature:

Parent’s / Guardian’s Name and Signature:

Date Received:

Date Returned: