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Common Base Amplifier

The common-base (CB) amplifier has the following properties in 3 sentences: It provides high voltage gain like the common-emitter amplifier, but with a maximum current gain of 1. It has a low input resistance approximately equal to the transistor's emitter resistance re. The output resistance is approximately equal to the collector load resistance RC.

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Muhammad Sohail
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83 views6 pages

Common Base Amplifier

The common-base (CB) amplifier has the following properties in 3 sentences: It provides high voltage gain like the common-emitter amplifier, but with a maximum current gain of 1. It has a low input resistance approximately equal to the transistor's emitter resistance re. The output resistance is approximately equal to the collector load resistance RC.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Sohail
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Common Base amplifier:

The: common-base (CB) amplifier provides high voltage gain with a maximum
current gain of 1. It has a low input resistance.
A typical common-base amplifier is shown in Figure. The base is the common
terminal and is at ac ground because of capacitor 𝐶2 . The input signal is
capacitively coupled to the emitter. The output is capacitively coupled from the
collector to a load resistor.
Voltage Gain:
:
The voltage gain 𝐴𝑣 from emitter to collector is developed as follows
𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑉𝑐
𝐴𝑣 = = (1)
𝑉𝑖𝑛 𝑉𝑒

from the figure: 𝑉𝑒 =𝐼𝑒 𝑅𝑒


also 𝑉𝑐 = 𝐼𝑐 𝑅𝑐 . So equation (1) ⇒
𝑉𝑐 𝐼𝑐 𝑅𝑐
𝐴𝑣 = = (2)
𝑉𝑒 𝐼𝑒 𝑅𝑒

where 𝑅𝑒 = 𝑟𝑒 ∕ ∥ 𝑅𝐸 as 𝑟𝑒 ∕ ≪ 𝑅𝐸
So 𝑅𝑒 ≅ 𝑟𝑒 ∕ also 𝐼𝑒 ≅ 𝐼𝑐
Putting these values in equation (2)

𝑉𝑐 𝐼𝑒 𝑅𝑐 𝑅𝑐
𝐴𝑣 = = ⇒ 𝐴𝑣 = .
𝑉𝑒 𝐼𝑒 𝑟𝑒 ∕ 𝑟𝑒 ∕

Where 𝑅𝑐 is the parallel combination of 𝑅𝐶 and 𝑅𝐿 .


This voltage gain (𝐴𝑣 ) is the same as the common emitter amplifier.
However, there is no phase inversion from emitter to collector.
Input resistance at the Emitter:
𝑉𝑖𝑛 𝑉𝑒
𝑅𝑖𝑛(𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒) = =
𝐼𝑖𝑛 𝐼𝑒

where 𝑉𝑒 = 𝐼𝑒 𝑅𝑒
Now putting the value of 𝑉𝑒 in the above equation
𝐼𝑒 𝑅𝑒
𝑅𝑖𝑛(𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒) = ⇒
𝐼𝑒
𝑅𝑖𝑛(𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒) = 𝑅𝑒
where 𝑅𝑒 = 𝑟𝑒 ∕ ∥ 𝑅𝐸 as 𝑟𝑒 ∕ ≪ 𝑅𝐸
So 𝑅𝑒 ≅ 𝑟𝑒 ∕
Hence 𝑅𝑖𝑛(𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒) ≅ 𝑟𝑒 ∕
Output resistance:
𝑅𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝑅𝑐
Looking into the collector, the ac collector resistance 𝑟𝑐 ∕ , appears in parallel
with 𝑅𝐶 . As we know from the CE amplifier, that 𝑟𝑐 ∕ is typically much larger
than 𝑅𝐶 , so a good approximation for the output resistance is
i.e., 𝑅𝑐 = 𝑟𝑐 ∕ ∥ 𝑅𝐶 as 𝑟𝑐 ∕ ≫ 𝑅𝐶
So 𝑅𝑐 ≅ 𝑅𝐶
Hence 𝑅𝑜𝑢𝑡 ≅ 𝑅𝐶
Current Gain:
The current gain (𝐴𝑖 ) from emitter to collectorgtu8 is
𝐼𝑜𝑢𝑡
𝐴𝑖 =
𝐼𝑖𝑛

Where the ac input current is 𝐼𝑖𝑛 =𝐼𝑒 and the ac output current is 𝐼𝑜𝑢𝑡 =𝐼𝑐
𝐼𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝐼𝑐
Since 𝐼𝑒 ≅ 𝐼𝑐 ⇒ 𝐴𝑖 = = ≅1
𝐼𝑖𝑛 𝐼𝑒

Power Gain:
The power gain (𝐴𝑝 ) of the CB-amplifier is the product of the voltage gain
and the current gain
𝐴𝑝 = 𝐴𝑣 𝐴𝑖
Since, 𝐴𝑖 ≅1 the total power gain is
𝐴𝑝 ≅ 𝐴𝑣

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