SABARAGAMUWA UNIVERSITY OF SRI LANKA

FACULTY OF GEOMATICS

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE HONOURS IN SURVEYING SCIENCES

YEAR I SEMESTER I EXAMINATION –JANUARY 2022

FC 11216 - ANALYTIC GEOMETRY AND LINEAR ALGEBRA

Time allowed: TWO (2) hours

Each Question Carries Equal Marks. Answer four (4) questions only.

1 a. 2 0  1
 
Let B   0 2  1  and A be a non-singular matrix.
1 0 1 

If 3 A  A2  AB then show that A  B  3I and hence find a 33-matrix A satisfying
3 A  A2  AB .

b. Use properties of determinant to show that,

a bc 2a 2a
2b bca 2b is a perfect cube, where a , b and c are constants.
2c 2c c a b

c.  2 1 3
 
Let P   0 2  1 .
 7  5 0
 
i. Obtain the cofactor matrix of P.
ii. Is P a singular matrix? Justify your answer.
iii. Find the inverse of P.

2. a Solve the following system of linear equations using Gauss elimination method:
2𝑥1 + 𝑥2 + 𝑥3 + 2𝑥4 = 2
4𝑥1 + 2𝑥3 + 𝑥4 = 3
i 3𝑥1 + 2𝑥2 + 2𝑥3 = −1
𝑥1 + 3𝑥2 + 2𝑥3 + 6𝑥4 = 2

𝑥1 + 𝑥2 𝑥3 + 𝑥4 = 2
+
𝑥1 + 𝑥2 + 3𝑥3 − 2𝑥4 = −6
ii 2𝑥1 + 3𝑥2 − 𝑥3 + 2𝑥4 = 7
𝑥1 + 2𝑥2 + 𝑥3 − 𝑥4 = −2

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 b. Consider the following non-linear system of equations
𝑥 2 𝑦 4 𝑧 7 = 𝑒 21 ,
𝑥3𝑧 5
= 𝑒 22 ,
𝑦

𝑥7𝑦3
= 𝑒 2.
𝑧3

Convert the above system into a system of linear equations and use Cramer’s rule to solve it.

c.  1 1 4
 
Let A   3 2  1 .
 2 1  1
 
i. Find the eigenvalues and the eigenvectors of A.
ii. Verify that the determinant of 𝐴 is equal to the product of the eigenvalues of 𝐴.

3. a. State whether the following statements are true or false. Justify your answer for each case (That
is, if true prove, else give a counter example):
i. The product of two upper triangular matrices is upper triangular.
ii. The trace of a matrix is equal to the sum of the eigenvalues of the matrix.
iii A matrix A is orthogonal if and only if A𝑇 A = 𝐼𝑛 , here 𝐼𝑛 is an identity matrix.
iv The direction cosines of the line joining the two points (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 , 𝑧1 ), (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 , 𝑧2 ) are
proportional to 𝑥2 − 𝑥1 , 𝑦2 − 𝑦1 , 𝑧2 − 𝑧1 .
v. Three numbers 2, 1, and 2 are direction ratios of a straight line.

b. Show that 4𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 8𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 1 = 0 represents an ellipse. Find:

i its eccentricity,

ii co-ordinates of its foci,

iii the equations of directrices,
iv its latus rectum.

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4 a. 
ABC is a right-plane-triangle and Cˆ  . Let p be the perpendicular distance from the point C
2
1 1 1
to the side AB, then shows that   .
2 2
AC BC p2

b. i If the normal to ellipse at the end of a latus-rectum passes through one extremity of the
minor axis then show that the eccentricity (e) of the ellipse is given by the equation 𝑒 4 +
𝑒 2 − 1 = 0.
ii The straight line 𝑙𝑥 + 𝑚𝑦 = 1 meets the ellipse 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 1 in two points 𝑃 and 𝑄. Show
𝑎2 𝑏2
𝑎2 𝑙 𝑏2 𝑚
that the co-ordinates of the mid-point of 𝑃𝑄 are (𝑎2 𝑙2 +𝑏2𝑚2 , 𝑎2 𝑙2 +𝑏2𝑚2 ).

c. The co-ordinates of any point on the hyperbola are given by (𝑎 sec 𝜃 , 𝑏 tan 𝜃).
i Find the equation of the chord joining two points 𝜃 = 𝜃 and 𝜃 = 𝜃 on the hyperbola 𝑥 2 −
1 2 𝑎2
𝑦2
= 1.
𝑏2

ii Use part(i) to deduce the equation of the tangent at 𝜃 = 𝜃1 .

iii If 𝑎2 𝑙 2 − 𝑏 2 𝑚2 = 𝑛2 , then show that the line 𝑙𝑥 + 𝑚𝑦 + 𝑛 = 0 touches the hyperbola 𝑥 2 −
𝑎2
𝑦2
= 1.
𝑏2

5. a. i Find the equation of the plane through the point (−1, 3, 2) and perpendicular to the planes
𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 5 and 3𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 8.
ii Find the equation of the plane through the points (2, 2, 1) and (9, 3, 6), and perpendicular
to the plane 2𝑥 + 6𝑦 + 6𝑧 = 9.

b. i Let OABC be a rectangular parallelepiped and OA=a, OB=b and OC=c. Show that the
𝑎2 ±𝑏2 ±𝑐 2
angles between the four diagonals are given by cos−1 (𝑎2 +𝑏2 +𝑐 2 ).

ii A straight line makes angles 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾, 𝛿 with four diagonals of a cube.

4
Prove that, 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛼 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛽 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛾 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛿 = 3.

c Let ABC be a plane triangle whose sides are 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐. The ABC triangle is placed so that the
middle points of its sides are on the X, Y and Z axes. Show that the equation of the plane
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 𝑏 2 +𝑐 2 −𝑎2
containing the triangle ABC is given by + 𝛽 + 𝛾 = 1, where 𝛼 2 = , 𝛽2 =
𝛼 8

𝑐 2 +𝑎2 −𝑏 2 𝑎2 +𝑏2 −𝑐 2
, and 𝛾 2 = .
8 8

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