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OOPS Interview Questions and Answers

Most Asked OOPS Interview Questions for

Freshers 2022

In this page you will find the most asked OOPS Interview questions for Freshers. Go through them to know
what OOPS Interview questions are being asked to freshers in 2022 and prepare for your interview with us.

Page Highlights:

What is OOPS?
Most Asked OOPS Interview Questions for Freshers

 Read More : OOPS

Introduction to Object Oriented Programming (OOPS)

Object oriented programming uses paradigm that organizes software architecture around files rather than functions and logics. An object is a data field with
its own set of attributes and actions. The fundamental idea behind OOPS is to reuse objects throughout the program.

Top 30 OOPS Interview Questions and Answers

What is a class?

A class is nothing more than a description of an object. It is a model, design, or prototype that describes an object’s features.

What is an object?

An object is termed as an instance of a class, and it has its own state, behavior, and identity.

Define a constructor.

A constructor is a method used to initialize the state of an object, and it gets invoked at the time of object creation.

Rules for constructor are:

Constructor Name should be the same as the class name.

A constructor must have no return type.

What is the difference between multiple and multilevel inheritance?

Multiple Inheritance Multilevel Inheritance

when a class inherits more than one base class when a class inherits from another class which itself is a subclass of
some other base class

Example:-
A class defining a child inherits from Example:-
A class describing a sport car will inherit from one base class
two base classes Mother and Father car which in turn inherits another class Vehicle

What is a superclass?

A superclass or base class is a class that acts as a parent to some other class or classes.

For example, the Vehicle class is a superclass of Class Car. or, BMW is a type of car, so the superclass for BMW is Class Car.

Differentiate between overloading and overriding.

overloading overriding

two or more methods have same name but child class redefining methods present in the base class or parent class
different parameters or signatures with the same parameters/signatures

resolved during compile time resolved during run time

What is the use of ‘finalize’?

Finalize is a method used to free up unmanaged resources and cleanup before Garbage Collection(GC). It performs memory
management tasks.

What is a try/ catch block?

6

A try/ catch block is used to handle exceptions. The try block defines a set of statements that may lead to an error. The catch block
basically catches the exception.

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What is exception handling?

Exception handling in Object-Oriented Programming is a very important concept that is used to manage errors. An exception
handler allows errors to be thrown and caught and implements a centralized mechanism to resolve them.

What is Encapsulation?

Encapsulation is a feature of an entity that holds all secret data. The members of that class can only see the hidden details. Public,
Protected, Private are the different levels.

What is Inheritance? Explain the use of Inheritance?

Inheritance is a concept where one class shares the structure and behavior defined in another class. Inheritance applied to one
class is called Single Inheritance, and if it depends on multiple classes, then it is called multiple Inheritance.

Uses:-

For Method Overriding (so runtime polymorphism can be achieved).

For Code Reusability.

What are Static Binding and Dynamic Binding?

Static Binding is a binding in which the name can be combined with the class during collection time, and it is also called early
binding.
Dynamic Binding is a binding in which name can be identified with the class during execution time, and it is also known as Late
Binding.

Can you call the base class method without creating an instance?

Yes, you can call the base class without instantiating it if :

It is a static method.
The base class is inherited by some other subclass.

How Can We Call The Base Method Without Creating An Instance?

Yes, it is possible to call the base method without creating an instance. And that method should be the static method. Doing
inheritance from that class use the Base Keyword from a derived class.

What are the differences between method and constructor?

Constructors Methods

constructor name should match with the name of the class Methods should not have the same name as the class
name

used to initialize and allocate memory of to the object used to execute certain statements written inside them

constructors are invoked by the system whenever objects are invoked when it is called
created

they are invoked using new keyword while creating an instance of invoked during program execution
the class

does not have a return type has a return type

cannot be inherited by subclass can be inherited by a subclass

What is Abstract Class and Abstract Method?

Abstract Class:-
An object cannot be inherited from the abstract class.
Subclass created or inherit abstract class to access members of the abstract class.
An abstract class can contain abstract methods or non-abstract methods.

Abstract Method:-
An abstract method has a signature but does not have a body
It is compulsory to override abstract methods of the superclass in their sub-class
Class containing abstract method should be made abstract class

What is the difference between extends and implements?

Extends Implements

A class can extend another class interface A class can implement an interface

A subclass extending superclass may not override all of the A class implementing interface has to implement all the
superclass methods methods of the interface

A class can only extend a single superclass A class can implement any number of interfaces 6

An interface can extend more than one interfaces An interface cannot implement any other interface

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Syntax: Class child Extend Class

Extends Parent
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What is a need for Object-oriented programming?

Need for OOPS:-

more protection and control over data access
OOPS offers data hiding functionalities
code reusability
data redundancy
code maintenance

What are the various types of constructors?

There are three types of constructors:

Default Constructor – With no parameters.

Parametric Constructor – These constructors are those having parameters. Create a new instance of a class and also pass
arguments simultaneously.
Copy Constructor – This creates a new object as a copy of an existing object.

What is a destructor?

It is a method which is called when the object is destroyed. Destructor name is the same as class name with “~” symbol before the
name.

What is a virtual function?

Virtual function is a special member function that is declared within a base class and redefined by derived class to go with its own
task. It is declared using a token, and is implemented by using the virtual keyword.

What is a friend function?

A friend function is capable of accessing private/protected data of a class in which it is declared as a friend in spite of not being a
member of that class.

What is an abstract class?

Abstract classes are special classes which are declared but are initialized, which means that it is not possible to create an object
for the abstract class.

What are the characteristics of an abstract class?

There can only be one  class

Derived class used abstract class to create interfaces
They are used for upcasting

Can a class inherit the constructor of its base class?

No, a class cannot inherit the constructor of its base class.

What are the disadvantages of OOPS?

Cannot be applied in all scenarios

Programs are comparatively more complex than those of Procedural programming
OOPS Projects need more planning and designing as using oops is tricky
Long programs need more time for testing

What are access specifiers?

Access specifiers are used to hide or show data to the end user. It is used in data hiding or data abstraction.

What is hybrid inheritance?

Hybrid inheritance is the combination of multilevel inheritance and hierarchical inheritance.

What is casting?

In C++ we create a pointer reference between parent and child classes and form an “is a” relationship between them, This is known
as casting and they are of two types:-
Upcasting
Downcasting

How run time polymorphism is achieved?

Run time polymorphism helps resolve the problem of early binding at compile time.

#include <stdio.h>
6

using namespace std;

// This is Base class

class Base

{
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{

public:

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virtual void show()

cout << "Showing Base Class" << endl;

};

// This is Derived class function

class Derived : public Base

public:

// This function is declared in the base class as well

void show()

cout << "Showing Derived Class" << endl;

};

int main()

// pointer reference to base class

Base *base_object;

// creating derived class object

Derived derived_object;

// mapping base object to address of derived class object

base_object = &derived_object;

// since we use pointers so we use -> rather than .

base_object->show();

return 0;

What are copy constructors?

These are the special type of constructors which takes an object as an argument and uses it to copy value of data members of one
object to another object.

OOPS Interview Questions for Experienced

Can you explain what Access Modifiers are?

Access modifiers are used to figure out the scope of the method or variables accessible from other various objects or classes.

Access modifiers can be of five types:

Private
Public
Protected
Friend
Protected Friend

What is Abstraction?

Abstraction refers to revealing only the most important information while concealing the details. Data abstraction refers to exposing
only the most important aspects of the data to the outside world while concealing the implementation information.

In OOPs, class helps us in achieving abstraction.

What are the limitations of inheritance?

Increases the time and effort required to execute a program as it requires jumping back and forth between different classes
The parent class and the child class get tightly coupled
Any modifications to the program would require changes both in the parent as well as the child class
Needs careful implementation else would lead to incorrect results

What is the difference between Abstraction and Encapsulation?

Abstraction Encapsulation

Gives a class a general structure and leaves the Creates and defines an object’s permissions and constraints as well as the
implementation to the implementers. variables and methods that make up the object.

Abstraction is accomplished by the use of an Encapsulation is accomplished by the use of four different access level
interface and an abstract class. modifiers: public, protected, no modifier and private.

What is the difference between a class and a structure?

Class Structure

Class is a referencing type. Structure is a value type.

CLR allocates memory for its instance in Memory is allocated on the stack.
heap.

Support Inheritance. Does not support Inheritance.

Variables of a class can be assigned as Structure members cannot have null values. 6

null.

Class can contain constructor/destructor Structure does not require constructor/destructor and members can be initialized
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q
automtaically.
Class Structure
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What Are Different Types Of Arguments?

A parameter is a variable used during the declaration of the function or subroutine and arguments are passed to the function, and it
should match with the parameter defined.

There are two types of Arguments. They are :

Call by Value – Value passed will get modified only inside the function, and it returns the same value whatever it is passed into the
function.
Call by Reference – Value passed will get modified both inside and outside the functions and it returns the same or different
value.

Why Java does not support multiple inheritance?

Java was designed to be a simple language and multiple inheritance introduces complexities like the diamond problem. Inheriting
states or behaviors from two different type of classes is a case which in reality very rare and it can be achieved easily through an
object association.

What are similarities between a class and a structure?

The following are some of the similarities between a class and a structure:
Access specifiers, such as public, private, and protected, are identically used in structures and classes to restrict the access of
their data and methods outside their body.
The access level for class members and struct members, including nested classes and structs, is private by default. Private
nested types are not accessible from outside the containing type.
Both can have constructors, methods, properties, fields, constants, enumerations, events, and event handlers.
Both structures and classes can implement interfaces to use multiple-inheritance in code.
Both structures and classes can have constructors with parameters.
Both structures and classes can have delegates and events.

Explain Is Java a pure Object Oriented language.

Java is not an entirely pure object-oriented programming language. The following are the reasons:

Java supports and uses primitive data types such as int, float, double, char, etc.
Primitive data types are stored as variables or on the stack instead of the heap.
In Java, static methods can access static variables without using an object, contrary to object-oriented concepts.

How many types of inheritance are present?

Encapsulation is a feature of an entity that holds all secret data. The members of that class can only see the hidden details. Public,
Protected, Private are the different levels.

What is Inheritance? Explain the use of Inheritance?

Various types of inheritance are :

Single Inheritance: Single child class inherits characteristics of the single-parent class.
Multiple Inheritance: One class inherits features of more than one base class and is not supported in Java, but the class can
implement more than one interface.
Multilevel Inheritance: A class can inherit from a derived class making it a base class for a new class, for example, a Child inherits
behavior from his father, and the father has inherited characteristics from his father.
Hierarchical Inheritance: One class is inherited by multiple subclasses.
Hybrid Inheritance: This is a combination of single and multiple inheritances.

What is Interface?

In general, an interface is a system that allows two or more unrelated entities to communicate. According to this definition, remote
control is an interface between you and a television set, the English language is an interface between two people, and the protocol of
behavior enforced in the military is the interface between people of different ranks.

Within the Java programming language, an interface (in the glossary) is a type, just as a class is a type. Like a class, an interface
defines methods. Unlike a class, an interface never implements methods; instead, classes that implement the interface implement
the methods defined by the interface. A class can implement multiple interfaces.

What are the various types of constructors in C++?

Default Constructor: The default constructor is the constructor which does not take any argument. It has no parameters.

class A

int x;

A()

x = 0;

} 6

Parameterized constructor: The constructors that take some arguments are known as parameterized constructors.

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class A

int x;

A(int y)

x = y;

Copy constructor: A copy constructor is a member function that initializes an object using another object of the same class.

class A

int x;

A(int y)

x = y;

// Copy constructor

A(A a)
{

x = a.x;

Also Check: Most Asked Technical Interview Questions

FAQs on Software Engineering Interview Questions

Question: What is the basic of software engineering?

Answer:-

Software Engineering include analysis, development, integration and testing of software.

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