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Lab Report CHM

This laboratory report describes a flame test experiment to identify metal ions. The objectives were to show how flame tests can identify metal ions and to use flame tests to identify unknown metal ions. The experiment used potassium chloride, barium chloride, sodium chloride, calcium chloride, and two unknown samples (A and B). The results found that potassium chloride produced a lilac flame, barium chloride a green flame, sodium chloride a yellow flame, and calcium chloride a red flame. Unknown samples A and B matched the green flame of barium chloride, identifying them as containing barium ions. The conclusion was that flame tests can be used to identify elements and unknown metal ions based on their characteristic flame colors produced by electron movement when heated.

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37 views

Lab Report CHM

This laboratory report describes a flame test experiment to identify metal ions. The objectives were to show how flame tests can identify metal ions and to use flame tests to identify unknown metal ions. The experiment used potassium chloride, barium chloride, sodium chloride, calcium chloride, and two unknown samples (A and B). The results found that potassium chloride produced a lilac flame, barium chloride a green flame, sodium chloride a yellow flame, and calcium chloride a red flame. Unknown samples A and B matched the green flame of barium chloride, identifying them as containing barium ions. The conclusion was that flame tests can be used to identify elements and unknown metal ions based on their characteristic flame colors produced by electron movement when heated.

Uploaded by

Hani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LABORATORY REPORT

CHM131
(GENERAL CHEMISTRY)

NAME : NORNAZIRAH HANI BINTI HAMDAN

STUDENT NO. : 2022847506

NAME OF PARTNERS : i) MUHAIZATUL AISYAH

PROGRAMME : DIPLOMA OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY


GROUP : AS1161B1

NUMBER AND TITLE OF EXPERIMENT :


FLAME TEST EXPERIMENT

DATE OF EXPERIMENT : 28/10/2022

DATE OF REPORT SUBMISSION :


4/11/2022
NAME OF LECTURER : DR.RAHIMAH

Laboratory Report Marking Scheme

Full Mark(s) Marks (to be filled by lecturer)

Objective of the Experiment

Introduction

Experimental Procedure

Results and Observations

Calculations

Discussion

Conclusion

Answers to Questions

References

Total Marks
DATE: 28/10/2022
TITLE: FLAME TEST EXPERIMENT
OBJECTIVES:
1) TO SHOW HOW FLAME TESTS CAN BE USED TO IDENTIFY SOME TEST
METAL IONS
2) TO IDENTIFY SOME UNKNOWN METAL IONS USING FLAME TESTS.
INTRODUCTION:
The arrangement of electrons around the nucleus of the atom is called
electron configuration. The atom's chemical activity determines how the
electron arranges themselves around the nucleus. When energy is added to
the atom, electrons may move from one energy level to another. Generally,
heat, light, or electricity can be used to add energy to an atom’s energy. An
atom that has been given more energy is said to be stimulated. The atom
returns to its regular state as a result of this extra energy being lost. After
excitation, the state that remains is referred to as the ground state. This extra
energy is taken in by the outer electrons. Electrons that have been excited
return to their ground state when the energy source is removed. The energy
that they had absorbed is now being released. This energy absorption is
released as light energy. Using a spectroscope to analyse this light reveals that
it is always consistent for the same atom. Lines of the same frequency are
present across the emission spectra from the excited atom. This can be shown
with a straightforward flame test. A characteristic spectrum is produced when
an element or its ion is heated sufficiently. A visible spectrum is produced by
the ions utilized in the experiment that follows. To identify the element, utilize
these.

METHOD:

MATERIAL:
KCL

BACL2
NACL

CaCl2
Unknown A
Unknown b
RESULT:

QUESTION:

1) What is the color of the neon light?

Answer: green, brick red, orange, lilac, purple,

2) Why does a sodium street lamp give off a different color light than a neon
light?

Answer: The color light of a streetlamp is yellow because it provides high-


intensity light that can be used to illuminate a large area , substances absorb
and emit different wavelengths of light. Other than that, yellow light is used to
improve driver visibility.

3) Why do some elements produce colorful flames?


Answer: When electrons drop to lower, more stable energy levels, they emit
energy. When the energy emitted is equal to that of visible light the emission
produces a color unique to that element.

DISCUSSION:

According to my result, an orange color imparted to the flame by the copper


(II) chloride that sometimes appears white. While my expectation is a green
color was imparted because a copper (II) compound with a non-halide
produces a green flame and copper ion is an anion that affects the result of the
flame test.

Then, the data showed the color of the flame that was imparted by potassium
chloride is lilac because when heated, the electrons become excited to higher
levels of energy. When electrons move to a lower energy state, they give off
energy in the form of light which are photons.

The color of the flame that was imparted by barium chloride is green. It is
because barium emission spectra contained the wavelengths corresponding to
a green color.

short-facts.com/why-is-barium-chloride-green

Next, sodium chloride is formed from electron transfer from sodium cation to
chloride anion. When the electron does move from chloride ion to sodium ion,
it reaches a higher state of excitement. As the electron returns to its ground
state, it has more energy to disperse, which means the color has a higher
frequency wavelength So, the colour of flame turns yellow.

The colour of the flame imparted from calcium chloride is red because when
the electrons are heated, they become excited, it will jump to any higher
energy level available. The excited electrons are unstable, and they drop back
down to the ground state. Each drop releases light energy of a specific
wavelength.

Lastly, according to the result, we find that unknown a and b are imparted
from barium elements because the color flame is green same as the barium
chloride color flame. It contained barium ions.

CONCLUSION:

Based on the experiment, heat is a factor in electron movement. It can be to


find out what characteristic of element emission from the flame test. We can
also identify what is specific unknown metal ion.

REFERENCES:

https://quizlet.com/58995021/experiment-7-flash-cards/

https://lsleds.com/why-do-sodium-lamps-give-off-a-yellow-illumination-
rather-than-white/

https://www.answers.com/earth-
science/Why_does_flame_test_for_sodium_ion_result_in_yellow_flame
https://socratic.org/questions/54345c5d581e2a091e3f392f
short-facts.com/why-is-barium-chloride-green

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