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Allah Ditta

Muslim scientists made many important contributions in the early Islamic period in fields such as mathematics, astronomy, optics, chemistry, and medicine. Some of the key figures mentioned include: 1) Al-Khwarizmi who wrote foundational works on algebra and trigonometry and made advances in geography and astronomy. 2) Jabir ibn Hayyan who is considered the father of chemistry and discovered important acids and processes like crystallization. 3) Ibn al-Haytham who made significant contributions to optics, vision, and how light travels. 4) Al-Zahrawi who invented many modern surgical instruments still used today like the syringe and forceps.

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70 views7 pages

Allah Ditta

Muslim scientists made many important contributions in the early Islamic period in fields such as mathematics, astronomy, optics, chemistry, and medicine. Some of the key figures mentioned include: 1) Al-Khwarizmi who wrote foundational works on algebra and trigonometry and made advances in geography and astronomy. 2) Jabir ibn Hayyan who is considered the father of chemistry and discovered important acids and processes like crystallization. 3) Ibn al-Haytham who made significant contributions to optics, vision, and how light travels. 4) Al-Zahrawi who invented many modern surgical instruments still used today like the syringe and forceps.

Uploaded by

Jawad Hussain
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© © All Rights Reserved
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ISLAMYAT ASSIGNMENT-2
BIG ACHIVEMANTS OF MUSLIMS SCIENTIST IN EARLY ISLAMIC PERIOD
SUBMIT TO: Prof. MUFTI AHSAN SAEED QURASHI
SBUMIT BY: ALLAH
DITTA (10)
The big achievements of Muslims scientist in

early age of Islam

1:-MUSA-AL-KHAWARZIMI:-(780-847 A.D)

ACHIEVEMENTS:-

1:-He composed oldest work on maths,aljebra and trignometry.

2:-He wrote terties on aljebra.

3:-He was considered as an authority in mathematics.

4:-He also worked on geography.

5:-He was an outstanding astronomer.

2:-JABAR BIN HAYAN;-(721-815 A.D)

ACHIEVEMENTS:-
1:-Father of modern chemistry.

2:-Discovered sulphuric acid,nitric acid and hydrochloric acid.

3:-He discovered the processes like crystalization, reduction and

calcination.

4:- He also prepared methods of leather, steel and dying of cloth.

5:-He also wrote treties on chemistry.

3:-AL-KINDI(BORN IN 20TH CENTURY):-

ACHIEVEMENTS:-

1:-He wote treaties on geometrical and physiological optics.

2:-He ascertains law governs the fall of bodies.

3:-He worked on waves, tides and weights.

4:-HIS other works are on reflection of light and optics.

HIS TREATISES:-

1:-DE ASPECTIBUS

2:-DE MEDICINARUM COMPSITARUM GRADIBUS.


4:-ZAKARIYA AL -RAZI:-(865-925) known as RAZES in the

west.

ACHIEVEMENTS:-

1:-He is known as father of pedeiatrics.

2:-He believed in 5 principles in metaphysics creator, soul,

matter,times and space.

3:-He clssify chemical substances.

4:-He was the first scientist to classify substances in to vegetables,

animals and minerals.

5:-He was the most brilliant pillar of Islamic medicine along with

ibne sina.

5:-ABU ALI SINA(980-1037 A.D) AVICENNA in the west.

ACHIEVEMENTS:-

1:-He also contributed in medical science along with al razi.


2:-He wsa the first to use intervesical injection during operation.

3:-He was the first to use catheaters of animal skin.

5:-He also worked on astronomy and logic.

IBNAL HYTHAM

1. They made important contributions to the understanding of

vision, optics and light.

2. His methodology of investigation, in particular using

experiment to verify theory, Among his many contributions to

optics was the first correct explanation of how vision works

3. He used the Chinese invention of the camera obscure (or

pinhole camera) to show how light travels in straight lines from

the object to form an inverted image on the retina.

Al-Zahrawi

1. This array of weird and wonderful devices shows the sort of


instruments being used by the 10th-century surgeon al-Zahrawi,
who practised in Cordoba.

2. His work was hugely influential in Europe and many of his


instruments are still in use today.
3. Among his best-known inventions were the syringe, the forceps,
the surgical hook and needle, the bone saw and the lithotomy
scalpel.

Al-Battani (858 – 929)

1. Also known as Albatenius. Arab mathematician, scientists and


astronomer who improved existing values for the length of the year
and of the seasons. .

2. He calculated 54.5″ per year for the precession of the equinoxes


and obtained the value of 23° 35′ for the inclination of the ecliptic.

3. Rather than using geometrical methods, as other scientists had


done, al-Battani used trigonometric methods which were an
important advancement.

Ibn Rushed (1126 – 1198)

Also known as Averroes. Arab philosopher and

scholar who produced a series of summaries and commentaries on

most of Aristotle’s works and on Plato’s Republic. , Ibn Rushd


conducted astronomical observations in Morocco, during which he

discovered a previously unobserved star.

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