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    3 Rocks - Lecture (Need Edit)

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    REIN MATTHEW P. MALONZO
    Rocks can be categorized based on their composition and formation. There are three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma and can be intrusive like granite or extrusive like basalt. Sedimentary rocks form through the compaction and cementing of sediments and include clastic rocks like sandstone and chemical rocks like limestone. Metamorphic rocks were originally igneous or sedimentary rocks that were changed by heat and pressure into another form, such as slate from shale.

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    3 Rocks - Lecture (Need Edit)

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    REIN MATTHEW P. MALONZO
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    Rocks can be categorized based on their composition and formation. There are three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma and can be intrusive like granite or extrusive like basalt. Sedimentary rocks form through the compaction and cementing of sediments and include clastic rocks like sandstone and chemical rocks like limestone. Metamorphic rocks were originally igneous or sedimentary rocks that were changed by heat and pressure into another form, such as slate from shale.

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    3 Rocks - Lecture ( Need Edit )

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    Rocks can be categorized based on their composition and formation. There are three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma and can be intrusive like granite or extrusive like basalt. Sedimentary rocks form through the compaction and cementing of sediments and include clastic rocks like sandstone and chemical rocks like limestone. Metamorphic rocks were originally igneous or sedimentary rocks that were changed by heat and pressure into another form, such as slate from shale.

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    18 views2 pages

    3 Rocks - Lecture (Need Edit)

    Uploaded by

    REIN MATTHEW P. MALONZO
    Rocks can be categorized based on their composition and formation. There are three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma and can be intrusive like granite or extrusive like basalt. Sedimentary rocks form through the compaction and cementing of sediments and include clastic rocks like sandstone and chemical rocks like limestone. Metamorphic rocks were originally igneous or sedimentary rocks that were changed by heat and pressure into another form, such as slate from shale.

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    of 2

    EARTH SCIENCE – ROCKS

    Rocks ❖ Types based on Composition


    ➢ Mafic
    • Any naturally occurring solid mass or ▪ Are magmas associated with crystal
    aggregate of minerals or mineraloid matter spreading
    • Categorized by minerals included and its ▪ Derived from magnesium and Iron
    chemical composition ▪ Dark in Color
    • Changes overtime ➢ Felsic
    • Example of Rock Formations: ( Nakabuang ▪ Are magmas associated with crystal
    Arc, Kapupurawan, Biri Island, Limestone compression
    rock formations ) ▪ Derived from Feldspar and Silica
    Rock Cycle ▪ Light in Color
    ❖ General Types
    • Transformational processes that change ➢ Intrusive Igneous Rock (Plutonic
    rocks from one kind to another Igneous)
    ▪ Formed from magma
    ▪ Is inside the earth
    ▪ Rough Texture
    ▪ Has large crystals
    ▪ Cools slow
    ▪ Forms coarse grained rocks
    ▪ Has presence of crystal growth
    ▪ Examples:
    • Granite, Gabbro, Diorite
    Classification of Rocks ➢ Extrusive Igneous Rock ( Volcanic
    1) Igneous Rocks Igneous )
     Comes from the latin word “Ignis” ▪ Formed from lava
    which means fire ▪ Comes from the surface
     Parent material of igneous rocks are ▪ Cools Quickly
    usually magma ▪ Has small crystals
    ▪ Fine Texture
     Formed from magma and molten
    ▪ Forms fine Grained rocks
    rock/lava
    ▪ Lack of crystal growth
    ▪ Examples:
    ❖ Types Based on texture
    ➢ Fine Grained Igneous Rock (Aphantic) • Basalt, Obsidian, Pumice
    ▪ Has smaller crystal due to the faster rate ) G
    of cooling of the magma 1) F
    ▪ Examples: 2) Sedimentary Rocks
    • Basalt, Andesite, Rhyolite  Formed by compaction and cementing
    ➢ Coarse Grained Igneous Rock together of sediments
    (Phaneritic)  Broken pieces of rock like gravel, slit or
    ▪ Larger crystal due to the slower rate of clay
    cooling of the magma  Make up of 75% of the rocks
    ▪ Examples:  Has a process called WEDCC
    • Granite, Gabbro, Diorite (1) Weathering – breaking down of the
    rocks
    (2) Erosion – Transportation of the rocks
    from one place to another
    EARTH SCIENCE – ROCKS

    (3) Deposition – The sediments are ❖ Two types of Metamorphic rocks


    deposited based on their size ➢ Foliation
    (4) Compaction – The deposited ▪ - When a rock with flat or elongated
    sediments that are layered will make minerals is put under immense pressure,
    it compact and will proceed to the minerals line up in layers
    (5) Cementation – wherein the ▪ Example: Granite, when enough
    compacted minerals will form a solid pressure is added, turns into flat sheets
    rock with the minerals acting as a that turns into Gneiss
    glue. ➢ Non-Foliated
    ❖ 3 Main Types of Sedimentary Rocks ▪ are formed the same way, but they do
    ➢ Clastic not contain the minerals that tend to line
    ▪ Formed by chemical weathering debris up under pressure and thus do not have
    ▪ made up of pieces (clasts) of pre-existing the layered appearance of foliated rocks.
    rocks
    ▪ Their names are based on their clast or ▪ Example: bituminous coal, limestone,
    grain size and sandstone, given enough heat and
    ▪ Example: pressure, can turn into nonfoliated
    • Conglomerate – composed of pieces metamorphic rocks like anthracite coal,
    that are pebble sized marble, and quartzite
    • Sandstone – sand sized piece
    • Shale – pieces smaller than sand
    ➢ Chemical ▪ Nonfoliated rocks can also form by
    ▪ created when minerals that are present in metamorphism, which happens when
    rock forms undergo a chemical reaction magma comes in contact with the
    that causes them to cool as precipitates surrounding rock.
    over time before changing back to rock
    form.
    ▪ Example:
    • Limestone, dolomite, halite, and
    gypsum

    ➢ Organic
    ▪ Formed by accumulated sedimentary
    debris caused by organic processes
    (plant or animal)
    ▪ mainly comprises coal and limestones
    ▪ Examples:
    • Lignite, Peat, Anthracite, Coal,
    Limestone

    3) Metamorphic rocks
     Metamorphic rocks are rocks that have
    been changed from their original form
    by immense heat or pressure.

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