Computer Programming I - CSC111

Introduction

Dr. Mejdl Safran

[email protected]
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Syllabus
• Textbook

‒ Java: An Introduction to Problem Solving and

Programming,7ed, W. Savitch, Pearson
International (Textbook)

‒ Java How to Program, 7ed, Deitel and Deitel,

Pearson International (Reference)

‒ Introduction to Java Programming, Comprehensive

Version, 10ed Y. Daniel Liang, Prentice Hall
(Reference)

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Content
• Chapter 1: Intro to computers and Java
• Chapter 2: Basic computation
• Chapter 3: Flow of control: Branching
• Chapter 4: Flow of control: Loops
• Chapter 5: Defining classes and objects
• Chapter 6: More about objects and methods
• Chapter 7: Arrays

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Assessment Methods & Policy

Assignments , Quizzes & Attendance 10%

Class Project 5%
Lab Exams 10% + 15%
Midterms 10% + 10%
Final exam 40%

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Homework Assignments & Quizzes
• Homework will be assigned and graded
• All homework assignments will be given with a strict deadline, and
students are required to submit assignments on or before the
deadline.
• Cheating will not be tolerated.
• All homework assignments or project documents should be
submitted using MS-Word and/or appropriate computer software.
• No hand written submission will be accepted.
• In-class quizzes will be given throughout the semester

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Chapter Outline
• What a computer is
• What a computer program is
• The Programmer’s Algorithm
• How a program that you write in Java is changed into
a form that your computer can understand
• Characteristics of Java

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Hardware & Software
• Computer systems consist of hardware and software.
• Familiarity with hardware basics helps us understand
software.

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Components of computer system
• Most modern computers have similar components
including
‒ Input devices (keyboard, mouse, etc.)
‒ Output devices (display screen, printer, etc.)
‒ A processor (CPU): processes a program’s
instructions
‒ Two kinds of memory:
1) Main memory (RAM): temporary storage
2) Secondary Memory: persistent storage
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Components of computer system

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Programs
• A program is a set of instructions for a computer to
follow.
• We use programs almost daily (email, word
processors, video games, bank ATMs, etc.).
• Programs are stored in files.
• Programs files are copied from secondary memory to
main memory in order to be run.
How to write a program 10
Levels of Abstraction
• Human thought
• Pseudo-Natural Language (Arabic, English)
• High-level Programming Language (C, C++, Java, …)
• Machine Code

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The Programmer’s Algorithm
• An algorithm is a finite sequence of instructions that
produces a solution to a problem.

• The programmer’s algorithm:

‒ Define the problem
‒ Plan the problem solution
‒ Code the program
‒ Compile the program
‒ Run the program
‒ Test and debug the program 12
Defining the problem
• The problem must be defined in terms of:
‒ Input: data to be processed
‒ Output: the expected results
‒Look for nouns in the problem statement that suggest
output and input
‒ and processing: the statements to achieve
‒Look for verbs to suggest processing steps

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Example: sum and average of 5 numbers
• Input:
‒ Five numbers: x1, x2, x3, x4, x5
• Processing:
‒ Sum = x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5
‒ Average = Sum/5
• Output:
‒ Sum
‒ Average
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Planning the solution
• When planning, algorithms are used to outline the solution
steps using Englishlike statements, called pseudocode
• Simple pseudocode:

1. Start program
2. Get five numbers (x1, x2, x3, x4, x5)
3. Add them (sum = x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5)
4. Compute average (avg
(avg = sum / 5)
5. Print sum & avg
6. End program 15
Coding the program
• Coding is writing the program in a formal language called
programming language.
• The program is written by translating the algorithm steps
into a programming language statements
• The written program is called source code and it is save in a
file with “.java” extension.

Why coding in programming languages

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Why coding in programming languages
• High-level languages are relatively easy to use
• Java, C#, C++, Visual Basic, Python, Ruby.
• Unfortunately, computer hardware does not
understand high-level languages.
• Therefore, a high-level language program must be
translated into a low-level language (machine code).

How to translate source code into machine code

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Compiling computer programs
• A compiler translates a program from a high-level language
to a low-level language the computer can run.

Source code Compiler Machine code

• The compiler
checks correctness of the source code (syntax errors)
translates the source code into a machine code if no errors were
found
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 Platform dependent compiling
• Most high-level languages need a different compiler for each type of
computer and for each operating system.
• Most compilers are very large programs that are expensive to
produce.
program

compiler compiler compiler

How to run a Java program on

each computer, with no need to machine code machine code machine code
recompile
Win Mac Unix
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Compiling Java Programs
• The Java compiler does not
translate a Java program into
machine code for a particular javac

computer.
• Instead, it translates a Java
program into bytecode. java

• Bytecode is converted into

machine code using Java
Interpreter
• Platform independent! 20
Running Java Programs The bytecode
(.class file)

Class
Loader
• The Java Virtual Machine (JVM):
‒ Class Loader Bytecode
Verifier
‒ stores bytecodes in memory
Bytecode
‒ Bytecode Verifier Interpreter
‒ ensures bytecodes don’t violate JVM
security requirements
‒ Bytecode Interpreter: OS

‒ translates bytecodes into machine Hardware

codes 21
Testing and Debugging the program
• Testing
‒ Be sure that the output of the program conforms with the
input
‒ Two types of errors:
‒ Logical errors: the program runs but provides wrong output
‒ Runtime errors: the program stops running suddenly when
asking the OS executing a non accepted statement (divide by
zero, etc.)
‒ Debugging
‒Find, understand and correct the errors 22
Some characteristics of Java
• Object-oriented programming (OOP)
Treats program as a collection of objects that interact by means and actions
Encapsulation (information hiding)
Data Abstraction (implementation hiding)
Inheritance (Undergraduate is a subclass of Student)
Polymorphism (single action in different ways)
• Platform independent
• Portable
• Architecture neutral
• “Write-once, run anywhere”
• Secure
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• Bytecode verifier of the VM
Setting up your Development Environment
• Download latest JDK from
https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk10-
downloads-4416644.html
• Java Development Kit (JDK) is required to develop and
compile programs
• Java Runtime Environment (JRE) is required to run programs
• Users must have JRE installed
• Developers must have the JDK installed
• JDK includes the JRE
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What is an IDE?
• IDE = Integrated Development Environment
• Makes you more productive
• Includes text editor, compiler, debugger, syntax
highlighting and code completion, etc.
• Eclipse is the most widely used IDE
• Alternatives:
• NetBeans (Oracle)
• IntelliJ IDEA (JetBrains)
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Installing Eclipse
• Download and install the latest Eclipse for Java from:
http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/packages/
• Unzip the content of the archive file you downloaded
• To start Eclipse
• On PC, double-click on Eclipse.exe
• On Mac, double-click on Eclipse.app in Application folder

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 Run Java program – command line
public class HelloWorld {

public static void main(String[] args) {

System.out.println("Hello");

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 Run Java program – Eclipse
public class HelloWorld {

public static void main(String[] args) {

System.out.println("Hello");

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Print triangle of symbols

public class PrintTriangle {

public static void main(String[] args) {

System.out.println("*");
System.out.println("**");
System.out.println("***");
System.out.println("****");
System.out.println("*****");
System.out.println("******");
System.out.println("*******");
}
}
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println()
println() vs. print()
System.out.print("My name is "); System.out.print("Student name:\t");
System.out.print("Mejdl"); System.out.print("Saad");

My name is Mejdl Student name: Saad

System.out.println("My name is "); System.Out.print("Student name:");

System.out.print("Mejdl"); System.out.print("Saad");

My name is
Syntax error
Mejdl

System.out.print("My name is \n"); System.out.println("Student name:");

System.out.print("Mejdl"); system.out.println("Saad");

My name is
Syntax error
Mejdl
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