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    Equipment For Crystallization

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    Omkar Mudkanna
    This document discusses different types of equipment used for solution crystallization including: 1) Circulating-batch crystallizers which use external or internal circulation to achieve uniform crystal growth and purity. 2) Continuous cooling crystallizers which allow feed to flow through a cooled trough for controlled crystal growth through gentle agitation. 3) Continuous vacuum evaporating crystallizers which use evaporation under vacuum and gentle agitation to minimize nucleation and build crystals on the walls.

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    Equipment For Crystallization

    Uploaded by

    Omkar Mudkanna
    33 views6 pages
    This document discusses different types of equipment used for solution crystallization including: 1) Circulating-batch crystallizers which use external or internal circulation to achieve uniform crystal growth and purity. 2) Continuous cooling crystallizers which allow feed to flow through a cooled trough for controlled crystal growth through gentle agitation. 3) Continuous vacuum evaporating crystallizers which use evaporation under vacuum and gentle agitation to minimize nucleation and build crystals on the walls.

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    This document discusses different types of equipment used for solution crystallization including: 1) Circulating-batch crystallizers which use external or internal circulation to achieve uniform crystal growth and purity. 2) Continuous cooling crystallizers which allow feed to flow through a cooled trough for controlled crystal growth through gentle agitation. 3) Continuous vacuum evaporating crystallizers which use evaporation under vacuum and gentle agitation to minimize nucleation and build crystals on the walls.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    33 views6 pages

    Equipment For Crystallization

    Uploaded by

    Omkar Mudkanna
    This document discusses different types of equipment used for solution crystallization including: 1) Circulating-batch crystallizers which use external or internal circulation to achieve uniform crystal growth and purity. 2) Continuous cooling crystallizers which allow feed to flow through a cooled trough for controlled crystal growth through gentle agitation. 3) Continuous vacuum evaporating crystallizers which use evaporation under vacuum and gentle agitation to minimize nucleation and build crystals on the walls.

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    of 6

    Lecture 17.

    Equipment for Crystallization

    • Classification of Equipment for Solution


    Crystallization
    • Circulating-Batch Crystallizers
    • Continuous Cooling Crystallizers
    • Continuous Vacuum Evaporating Crystallizers
    Classification of Equipment (1)
    • Classification of equipment for solution crystallization
    Operation Methods for achieving Crystallizer features for achieving
    modes supersaturation desired crystal growth
    Batch Cooling Agitated or nonagitated
    Continuous Evaporation Baffled or unbaffled
    Circulating liquid or circulating magma
    Classifying or nonclassifying
    Controlled or uncontrolled
    Cooling jacket or cooling coils

    • The choice of method for achieving supersaturation depends on


    the effect of temperature on solubility
    - For many inorganic compounds in the near-ambient
    temperature range (10-40oC), the change in solubility is small
    and insufficient to utilize the cooling method
    • The majority of industrial crystallizers use the evaporation method
    or a combination of cooling and evaporation
    Classification of Equipment (2)
    • Use of mechanical agitation can result in smaller and more
    uniformly sized crystals of a higher purity that are produced in
    less time
    • Supersaturation and uniformity can be controlled by circulation
    between a crystallizing zone and a supersaturation zone
    • In a classifying crystallizer, the smaller crystals are separated from
    the larger and retained in the crystallizing zone for further growth
    or are removed from the zone and redissolved
    • In a controlled design,
    one or more techniques
    are used to control the
    degree of supersaturation
    to avoid undesirable
    nucleation
    Circulating-Batch Crystallizers
    • Batch crystallizers without agitation or circulation may result in
    undesirably large, interlocked, impure crystals because of
    entrapment of mother liquor, and difficulty in removing crystals
    from the vessel
    • In the design with external circulation, a high magma velocity is
    used through the tubes of the heat exchanger to obtain a
    reasonable heat-transfer rate with a small temperature-driving
    force and minimal crystal formation on the tubes
    • In the design with internal circulation,
    the magma is circulated internally
    through a draft tube by a propeller.
    Energy for evaporation is supplied by
    the hot feed
    • A typical cycle, including charging
    the feed, crystallization, and removal
    of the magma, is 2 to 8 h
    Continuous Cooling Crystallizers
    • A feed flows through a semicylindrical trough
    • The trough has a water-cooled jacket and is provided with a low-
    speed (3-10 rpm), helical agitator-conveyor that scrapes the wall,
    prevents growth of crystals on the trough wall, and promotes
    crystal growth by gentle agitation
    • The crystallization process is
    controlled by the rate of heat
    transfer, with the major
    resistance due to the magma
    on the inside
    • The typical size of trough is
    1 m wide ´ 3-12 m long.
    Standard-size units can be
    linked together
    Continuous Vacuum Evaporating
    Crystallizers
    • In the main body of the crystallizer, evaporation occurs, under
    vacuum, at the boiling surface
    • Near the bottom and inside of the
    draft tube is a low-rpm propeller
    that directs the magma upward
    through the draft tube toward the
    boiling surface under conditions of
    a small degree of supercooling and
    in the absence of any violent
    flashing action
    → nucleation and buildup of
    crystals on the walls are minimized
    • Surrounding the draft tube is an
    annular space where the magma
    flows back downward for re-entry
    into the draft tube

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