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Preposition and Connector

This document provides information on different types of prepositions and connectors in English. It discusses prepositions of direction, time, place, and extended time. It also covers spatial relationships, common verb-preposition combinations, adjective-preposition combinations, and differences between connectors like though, although, yet, and still. Connectors like and, but, so, before, or, while are also explained.

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Gayan Indunil
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458 views4 pages

Preposition and Connector

This document provides information on different types of prepositions and connectors in English. It discusses prepositions of direction, time, place, and extended time. It also covers spatial relationships, common verb-preposition combinations, adjective-preposition combinations, and differences between connectors like though, although, yet, and still. Connectors like and, but, so, before, or, while are also explained.

Uploaded by

Gayan Indunil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PREPOSITIONS AND CONNECTORS

PREPOSITIONS:

• Preposition is a word or group of words used before a noun, pronoun or noun phrase to
show direction, time, place, location, spatial relationship or to introduce an object. •
Examples- to, in, into, on, onto, at, on, since, for, by, during, until….

PREPOSITIONS OF DIRECTION - TO, IN, INTO, ON AND ONTO:

• She drove to the store.


• Don does not ring the bell. Come right into the house.
• Drive onto the grass and park the car there.
• Difference between in and into whether there is movement
• Into is used when something is going or being put into another location. In is used to
describe where someone or something already is.
• Example- she is in the room.

Similarly, is on and onto: Use onto to describe movement towards an end


position. Example: The path leads onto the main road.

PREPOSITIONS OF TIME- IN, AT AND ON:

• ‘In’- parts of the day, months, years and seasons


• Example- He reads in the evening.
• The weather is cold in December.
• She was born in 1996.
• ‘AT’- times of the day and with noon, night, midnight
• I go to work at 8am.
• I go to work at noon.
• ‘ON’- with days
• I work on Saturdays, on Wednesdays.

PREPOSITIONS FOR EXTENDED TIME- SINCE, FOR, BY, DURING, UNTIL,


WITH AND WITHIN:

• I have lived in Australia since 2005.


• (I moved here in 2005 & still live here).
• He will be in Toronto for 3 weeks.
• (He will spend 3 weeks there).
• She will finish the work by 6pm.
• (finish between now and 6pm).
• They are in school from August until May.
• (Starting in August & ending in May)
• She will graduate within 2 years.
• (not longer than 2 years).

PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE- IN, AT, ON, INSIDE:

• IN- the point itself


• They will meet in the lunchroom.
• AT- the general vicinity
• She was standing at the corner.
• ON- the surface
• He left the phone on the bed.
• INSIDE- something contained
• Place the pen inside the drawer.

Difference between over and above

• Both are used to refer to an object higher than a point.


OVER ABOVE

Location & motion Location only

With numbers Not with numbers

Something is moving and is directly perpendicular

Example: The bird flew over the house. (Motion, location)


The carpets were on the shelf above the cups. (Location only)

TO REFER TO AN OBJECT LOWER THAN A POINT- BELOW, BENEATH,


UNDER AND UNDERNEATH:

• Underneath- something is covered by another thing.


• The jacket is too small for me to wear a jumper underneath.
• Under- 1 thing is directly under the other. (In, to or through a lower place /position) •
My dog used to sleep under our bed, but he’s grown too big now to do that. Or We sat
under the stars and admired the sky.
• Beneath- more formal than under/ underneath. Used in same context. •
Below- referring to the same group or set.
• Who lives in the flat below yours?
• Read and sign the below document.

SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS - ACROSS, ALONG:

• Across- means on the other side of something, from one side to the other of
something which has ides or limits such as a city, road, or river.
• Example – we took a boat across the river.
• Across the room, we could see some old friends.
• Along- in a line next to something long and thin. Eg- road, path
• We went on a walk along the river.

COMMON VERB + PREPOSITION COMBINATION:


• About- worry, complain, read
• At- arrive, smile, look
• From- differ, suffer
• For- account, allow, search
• In- occur, result, succeed
• Of- approve, consist, smells
• On- concentrate, depend, insist
• To- belong, contribute, lead, refer
• With- agree, disagree, argue, deal

ADJECTIVE + PREPOSITION COMBINATION:


• Accustomed + to
• Aware + of
• Beneficial + to
• Capable + of
• Characteristic + of
• Composed + by/of
• Different + from
• Disappointed + in/with
• Employed + at/ by
• Essential + to

Adjective + preposition combination cont.…


• Familiar + with
• Good + at/for
• Grateful + for/to
• Interested + in
• Happy + about/for/with
• Opposed + to
• Proud + of
• Responsible + for
• Similar + to
• Sorry + about/for

CONNECTORS - UNDERSTANDING

• AND- Also(informal), Formal- In addition, Additionally, Moreover, Furthermore •


But- However, Even so, Though, Nevertheless (anyways), Nonetheless, Still, Yet, In
contrast, On the other hand, On the contrary.
• So, Because (Cause-effect)- Therefore, Thus, Consequently, Hence, For this reason,
As a result, That is why
• So (Similarity)- Similarly, Likewise
• Before- Beforehand, Before this, First, Then, Next, Afterwards
• Or- Alternatively, Otherwise
• While (same time) - Meanwhile, At the same time/moment
DIFFERENCES:
• EVEN THOUGH & EVEN SO
• Even though precedes (comes before) the fact, while even so follows (comes after) it. •
Eg- Even though her handwriting is not clear, I can understand it.
• Her handwriting is not clear enough, but even so I can understand. •
THOUGH & ALTHOUGH
• Used in same context but although is more formal.
• Most formal- Nonetheless, then Nevertheless followed by However.

DIFFERENCES:

• YET & STILL


• Yet is used to refer to something a person is waiting for or expecting, but that hasn’t
happened so far.
• EG- It isn’t raining yet. OR The research has not been completed yet. • Still to
refer something that began in the past and is continuing into the present. • Eg- He
still lives far away.
• It is still snowing.
• Whereas & while in terms of comparison are same. Most probably won’t be given as
options for a single blank.
• Whilst is more formal than while.

DIFFERENCES:

• We use a noun, gerund (- ing form of verb) or a pronoun after in spite of and despite.

• Example- Despite having a headache, I had a great party.


• In spite of the pain in her leg, she completed the race.
• ALTHOUGH & EVEN THOUGH
• We use subject + verb after these.
• Eg- Although we have met before, we don’t really know each other. •
She didn’t get the job, even though she had the qualification.
• IN EXAM, WE GET OPTIONS IN ALTHOUGH WITH DESPITE, AND EVEN
THOUGH AND INSPITE OF.
• Otherwise Despite is more formal than in spite of.
• Even though is more formal than although.

BASIS OF BLANKS:

• Read from full stop to full stop- to eliminate the unnecessary words like –to-, adverbs (-
ly) or names of universities to simplify the sentence as well as to find the tense of the
sentence.
• Check basic grammar applying- to +v1, be+v3….
• Check if any collocation is applying.
• Check the requirement – noun, verb, adjective, adverb
• Check positive / negative required

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