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M Detector

This document summarizes the code for an Arduino metal detector. It uses pulses to charge a capacitor and measures the capacitor voltage to detect changes from nearby metal objects. It takes multiple measurements, subtracts outliers, and compares the average to a running sum to determine if the LED should be turned on, indicating metal detection. The period of LED flashing adjusts based on the difference from the average, with faster flashes for larger differences.

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Estefanybp Bazarcito San Juan
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45 views2 pages

M Detector

This document summarizes the code for an Arduino metal detector. It uses pulses to charge a capacitor and measures the capacitor voltage to detect changes from nearby metal objects. It takes multiple measurements, subtracts outliers, and compares the average to a running sum to determine if the LED should be turned on, indicating metal detection. The period of LED flashing adjusts based on the difference from the average, with faster flashes for larger differences.

Uploaded by

Estefanybp Bazarcito San Juan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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/*

* Metal detector
* We use the code of this project,
* with minor changes:
* https://www.instructables.com/id/Simple-Arduino-Metal-Detector/
*/

const byte npulse = 12; // number of pulses to charge the capacitor before each
measurement

const byte pin_pulse = A0; // sends pulses to charge the capacitor (can be a
digital pin)
const byte pin_cap = A1; // measures the capacitor charge
const byte pin_LED = 12; // LED that turns on when metal is detected

void setup() {
pinMode(pin_pulse, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(pin_pulse, LOW);
pinMode(pin_cap, INPUT);
pinMode(pin_LED, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(pin_LED, LOW);
}

const int nmeas = 256; //measurements to take


long int sumsum = 0; //running sum of 64 sums
long int skip = 0; //number of skipped sums
long int diff = 0; //difference between sum and avgsum
long int flash_period = 0; //period (in ms)
long unsigned int prev_flash = 0; //time stamp of previous flash

void loop() {

int minval = 2000;


int maxval = 0;

//perform measurement
long unsigned int sum = 0;
for (int imeas = 0; imeas < nmeas + 2; imeas++) {
//reset the capacitor
pinMode(pin_cap, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(pin_cap, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(20);
pinMode(pin_cap, INPUT);
//apply pulses
for (int ipulse = 0; ipulse < npulse; ipulse++) {
digitalWrite(pin_pulse, HIGH); //takes 3.5 microseconds
delayMicroseconds(3);
digitalWrite(pin_pulse, LOW); //takes 3.5 microseconds
delayMicroseconds(3);
}
//read the charge on the capacitor
int val = analogRead(pin_cap); //takes 13x8=104 microseconds
minval = min(val, minval);
maxval = max(val, maxval);
sum += val;

//determine if LEDs should be on or off


long unsigned int timestamp = millis();
byte ledstat = 0;
if (timestamp < prev_flash +12) {
if (diff > 0)ledstat = 1;
if (diff < 0)ledstat = 2;
}
if (timestamp > prev_flash + flash_period) {
if (diff > 0)ledstat = 1;
if (diff < 0)ledstat = 2;
prev_flash = timestamp;
}
if (flash_period > 1000)ledstat = 0;

//switch the LEDs to this setting


if (ledstat == 0) {
digitalWrite(pin_LED, LOW);
}
if (ledstat == 1) {
digitalWrite(pin_LED, LOW);
}
if (ledstat == 2) {
digitalWrite(pin_LED, HIGH);
}

//subtract minimum and maximum value to remove spikes


sum -= minval; sum -= maxval;

//process
if (sumsum == 0) sumsum = sum << 6; //set sumsum to expected value
long int avgsum = (sumsum + 32) >> 6;
diff = sum - avgsum;
if (abs(diff)<avgsum >> 10) { //adjust for small changes
sumsum = sumsum + sum - avgsum;
skip = 0;
} else {
skip++;
}
if (skip > 64) { // break off in case of prolonged skipping
sumsum = sum << 6;
skip = 0;
}

// one permille change = 2 ticks/s


if (diff == 0) flash_period = 1000000;
else flash_period = avgsum / (2 * abs(diff));
}

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