Name :- M.

Osama Saleem

Roll No :- 2202037

Subject :- Consumer Behaviour

Class :- BBA-6(B) Afternoon

History of GeoImage Australia:

Geo-locating through to mapping, classification and analysis, Geoimage leverages our
partnerships with major providers of satellite imagery (Maxar, Airbus, RESTEC, ESA and NASA)
for acquisition and use the most appropriate state of the art technology and software to provide
suitable solutions to clients. Many of these relationships have been in place for over 20 years. As
an industry leader in remote sensing technologies with over 30 years experience, Geoimage is
uniquely placed to understand our client needs across multiple sectors. Most importantly, how
those needs can be met with the latest geospatial technology applications.

Competitors:
1. Google Earth - Free access to high resolution imagery (satellite and aerial)
Google Earth offers free access to some of the highest resolution satellite imagery, although the
highest resolution images are actually taken from airplanes. Most of the data on Google Earth
was taken in the last 3-4 years. If you are curious to see images of our changing world, Google
Timelapse is also a great free tool.
Pros: free to use (for non-commercial applications), large library (entire world), no account
needed, easily browsable, multiple resolutions available.
Cons: recent images might not be available, not downloadable, different licenses and pricing for
commercial applications.
Ideal for: hobbyists looking at pictures of different places in the world.
2. Sentinel Hub - Browse Sentinel data
Sentinel Hub is one of the most used portals for accessing satellite data. Through Sentinel Hub,
users can access all Sentinel products, as soon as they are made available. This also includes a
trove of historical (archive) satellite images. Sentinel Hub also gives users access to Landsat and
MODIS products.
Sentinel-2 offers 10-meter resolution in red, green, blue and near-infrared, currently the best
available resolution for free satellite imagery. Its 12 spectral bands range from coastal to SWIR
bands. With two satellites circling the Earth, Sentinel-2 covers spans the entire globe and offers
new images of an area every 5 days. 
Through Sentinel Hub, users can also access Sentinel-1 data, currently the only free SAR (C-
band) dataset. SAR stands for Synthetic Aperture Radar and is widely used in applications that
require constant monitoring and detect change over time (especially since SAR can image day
and night and through clouds). It is also heavily used for interferometry (subsidence and ground
motion measured at mm over time), maritime monitoring (ship detection, correlation with AIS to
find dark targets, illegal fishing, and smuggling), as well as polarimetry (classify land cover, crop
mapping, forest mapping, biomass, soil moisture).
Pros: One of the most popular datasets currently available and, with 5-day revisit rates, the
closest people can get to free, real-time satellite imagery. Great forums and education resources
to learn more about satellite data. Disclaimer: SkyWatch is currently under contract by ESA for
the maintenance of the SNAP toolbox and SNAP User Forums. They are terrific and entirely free.
We recommend you use them.
Cons: Only access to open data products. Even at 10m, the resolution is not sharp enough for
many applications, such as car counting, construction monitoring, airplane tracking, etc.
Ideal for: Researchers and scientists with limited budgets and a previous understanding of
geospatial data.
3. USGS Satellite imagery - Landsat, MODIS, and ASTER data
Earth Explorer is a free in-browser platform to access Landsat satellite imagery. Landsat is a joint
NASA/USGS program that provides the longest continuous space-based record of Earth’s land in
existence. The first images are over 40 years old. Landsat-8, the latest satellite in the mission,
was launched in 2013, and is currently the second highest resolution available for free for optical
data. 
Earth Explorer also offers access to MODIS land data products from the NASA Terra and Aqua
missions, and ASTER level-1B data products over the U.S. and Territories. Some imagery is also
available from SPOT, IKONOS, and OrbView 3. Some Sentinel-2B products are also available
(since 2018), however for access  to Sentinel satellite data, we recommend Sentinel Hub or
Copernicus Hub.
Pros: Free to use (see licensing for commercial use) with a large library of satellite data and
some of the highest resolution available for free for optical. It offers direct access to the most
up-to-date satellite data for Landsat. Digital Elevation Models (ASTER and SRTM) and
hyperspectral (Hyperion) are also available. If you are looking for historical satellite images, we
recommend Earth Explorer or Sentinel Hub.
Cons: Limited access to Sentinel products. You will need to manually sort through the images to
select the best ones for your project, which is not suitable for developers looking to build
applications accessing satellite data automatically.
Ideal for: Researchers and scientists with limited budgets and a previous understanding of
geospatial data
4. NOAA - Get new satellite data every 15 minutes
Through their web portal, NOAA offers free access to GEOS-R and NOAA-20 data. GOES-R data
is refreshed every approximately every 15 minutes, making it the closest thing to real-time
satellite data. However, GOES-R satellites are geo-stationary satellites, therefore located in really
high orbits. This means the data they produced is very low resolution (250m and above). They
are mainly used to track weather events. 
Pros: Real-time satellite data, available for free, viewable straight from your browser without
having to register for an account.
Cons: Restricted use for commercial applications, very low resolution. You can distinguish large
cities and coastal regions from grassland.
Ideal for: Weather monitoring.
5. Copernicus Open Access Hub - API access to Sentinel data
Similar to the Sentinel Hub in terms of available datasets, but geared towards developers who
need low-resolution Earth satellite data for their applications. The Copernicus Open Access Hub
offers an API for developers to access the open datasets.
Pros: Open datasets, available directly for download through an API, including SAR datasets.
Cons: Restricted use for commercial applications, low resolution
Ideal for: Developers building applications that require frequent access to the most up-to-date
satellite data and for applications where low resolution data is preferred.
6. Earth on AWS - Free satellite data, available for processing
Most of the open datasets are hosted on Amazon Web Services. Which prompted AWS to offer a
direct way of accessing them, Earth on AWS. They also offer Cloud Credits to students,
researchers, and developers. Available datasets including Sentinel-2, Landsat-8, GEOS, NOAA,
Sentinel-1, and data acquired by the China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite (CBERS) and
processed by Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa Espaciais (INPE). 
Pros: The largest collection of open datasets, available straight through AWS for further
processing.
Cons: Not browsable. Users must know exactly what you are looking for before downloading and
must understand how to request data through an API.
Ideal for: People who were looking to automate the processing of the data using AWS Cloud
Computing and only need low resolution data.
Computing and only need low resolution data.

7. Zoom.Earth - Near real-time satellite data and high resolution archival data
Fairly similar to Google Earth (especially since it’s the Bing competitor), Zoom Earth shows the
most recent satellite images and aerial views in a fast, zoomable map. The platform pulls in
refreshed data every 10 minutes from NOAA GOES and JMA Himawari-8 satellites, and every 15
minutes via EUMETSAT Meteosat satellites.
Daily images are provided by services from NASA’s GIBS (see below). NASA-NOAA satellite
Suomi-NPP, and MODIS Aqua and Terra provide continuous imagery for “AM” at local 10:30am,
and “PM” at local 1:30pm. If you zoom in, you will see historical images, provided by Bing Maps
and Esri, which are updated every few months. Storm tracks and forecast maps are created
using data from NHC, JTWC and IBTrACS.
Pros: Free to use (for non-commercial applications) large library (entire world). No account
needed. The data is easily browsable and multiple resolutions are available by simply zooming
in. 
Cons: recent images might not be available. Data is not downloadable.
Ideal for:  Hobbyists looking at pictures of different places in the world.
8. NASA Worldview - Track wildfires, icebergs, and earthquakes from space
NASA Worldview is a browsable, open platform that will let you access recently updated satellite
data, as well as historical data. The available date picker at the bottom of the screen lets you
easily view past data and monitor change. The platform also offers a way to access data based
on the most recent stories (wildfires, sandstorms, weather events, algae blooms, etc.), selecting
the most appropriate satellite data, area of interest, and date and time for you.
Pros: free to use (for non-commercial applications), large library (entire world), no account
needed, easily browsable. Offers both current and historical data. Additional information
available for large events (wildfires, icebergs, storms, etc.)
Cons: Low resolution, open data only. Data is not downloadable.
Ideal for: Looking for data related to a specific event observable from space, such as wildfires,
storms, etc.

9. NASA EarthData (GIBS) - API access to NASA satellite data

Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS) provides quick access to over 900 satellite imagery
products, covering every part of the world. Most imagery is updated daily - available within a few
hours after satellite observation, and some products span almost 30 years. The data available
through GIBS is the same as in Worldview (see above), but they also offer an API to
programmatically access satellite images in almost real-time.
Pros: One of the largest library of free satellite data, covering the entire world, and including
both up-to-date and historical satellite imagery. 
Cons: Low resolution, open data only.
Ideal for: Developers looking to build an application using satellite data, that requires both up-
to-date, real-time data, as well as archive satellite imagery.

Rules and Regulations of Satellite Imaging in Brazil :

The laws, rules, norms, and agreements governing remote sensing are a complicated mash-up of
both international and domestic laws. This body of remote sensing legislation regulates a variety
of applications of remote sensing satellites, associated technology, and gathered data through
its many sides.
The new regulations were approved two years after the Forest Code, a statute that was intended
to protect the nation's forests but that some environmentalists still believe is insufficient to
complete the job.
According to the rules, owners of Brazil's almost 6 million rural properties would have a year to
register with the CAR online information database, providing information on land use. The
database will be used by the government to enforce laws about how much native forest

– Requirements for EO Data Cubes for Brazil

– Methodology for EO Data Cube Generation
– Software and Data Products
– Land Use and Cover Mapping from EO Data Cubes

Uses of Satellite Imaging in Brazil:

Satellite images have many applications in meteorology, oceanography, fishing, agriculture,
biodiversity conservation, forestry, landscape, geology, cartography, regional planning,
education, intelligence and warfare.
For isolated areas that are not serviced by telephone providers, the Brazilian mining company
Vale has secured new satellite connectivity contracts. For one of its major projects, the US$500
million Sol do Cerrado solar power plant in Jaba municipality, Minas Gerais state, the firm hired
Hughes Network Systems to provide a satellite communication solution, a company
representative told BNamericas. The Sol do Cerrado power plant is a component of Vale's aim to
transition to carbon-neutral mining and is a part of a US$6 billion investment plan the business
outlined in June to cut greenhouse gas emissions and achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. At the
end of the previous year, Vale had also outlined a US$2 billion plan for investments in renewable
energy projects.
Barriers:
Unfortunately, it has several flaws. Satellite data transfer offers very sluggish Internet speeds
and constrained satellite bandwidth due to the lengths of the signals' journeys and all the
potential barriers in their path. Latency on satellite Internet can be a serious issue.

Product & Services:

Our Custom Solutions
SECUREWATCH
SecureWatch is the premier cloud-based subscription service for secure and timely access to
earth
ONEATLAS
OneAtlas provides access to satellite imagery, innovative geospatial analytics and industry-
specifi.
ATLASTSF
atlasTSF In response to worldwide interest in
TSF (tailings storage facilities), Geoimage has devel...
DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS (DSM & DTM)
Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) and GeoSAR
Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are an integral
part
GEOPHYSICAL INTERPRETATION
Geophysical Interpretation Geoimage specialises in processing airborne (and ground)
Geophysical Interpretation Geoimage specialises in processing airborne (and ground)
geophysical sur..
geoimage
groundWATCH
ArOund WATCH
GROUNDWATCH
groundWATCH Geoimage has developed a secure web-based visualisation app, groundWATCH
on an ent.