The document contains 4 questions with multiple parts about open channel flow concepts. Question 1 involves calculating depths for critical and subcritical flow in converging and diverging channels. Question 2 involves plotting water profiles and calculating normal depths. Question 3 sketches hydraulic jump formations and profiles involving changes in slope. Question 4 calculates depths upstream of a weir and derives discharge equations for rectangular and triangular weirs.
The document contains 4 questions with multiple parts about open channel flow concepts. Question 1 involves calculating depths for critical and subcritical flow in converging and diverging channels. Question 2 involves plotting water profiles and calculating normal depths. Question 3 sketches hydraulic jump formations and profiles involving changes in slope. Question 4 calculates depths upstream of a weir and derives discharge equations for rectangular and triangular weirs.
The document contains 4 questions with multiple parts about open channel flow concepts. Question 1 involves calculating depths for critical and subcritical flow in converging and diverging channels. Question 2 involves plotting water profiles and calculating normal depths. Question 3 sketches hydraulic jump formations and profiles involving changes in slope. Question 4 calculates depths upstream of a weir and derives discharge equations for rectangular and triangular weirs.
The document contains 4 questions with multiple parts about open channel flow concepts. Question 1 involves calculating depths for critical and subcritical flow in converging and diverging channels. Question 2 involves plotting water profiles and calculating normal depths. Question 3 sketches hydraulic jump formations and profiles involving changes in slope. Question 4 calculates depths upstream of a weir and derives discharge equations for rectangular and triangular weirs.
a) Water is flowing in a rectangular channel, 2m wide and carrying a flow of 2m3/s. The channel is constricted to a width of 0.5m and gives critical flow. Determine the depth in the constriction and the depth upstream. [10 Marks] b) A channel 1m wide and 1m deep carries a flow of 0.62m3/s on a slope of 0.001 with Manning n = 0.012. The channel terminates in a free discharge. Find the normal depth and depth in the vicinity of the discharge. [10 Marks]
Question two – 20 Marks
a) A rectangular channel 1.25m wide and 30m long with a flat bottom carries a flow of 0.5m3/s. The channel terminates in a free discharge. Plot a sketch of the water profile in the channel. Take n = 0.011. [10 Marks] b) Find the depth for uniform flow in a trapezoidal channel side slopes 1 in 2, and bottom width 3m, when the flow rate is 6m3/s if So = 0.0006 and n is assumed to be 0.016. Compute the corresponding value of e. [10 Marks]
Question Three – 20 Marks
a) Sketch possible flow formations that result in hydraulic jump. [2 Marks] b) Analyze and sketch the water-surface profile in a long rectangular channel with concrete lining, n = 0.013. The channel is 3m wide, flow rate 10m3/s, and there is an abrupt change in channel slope from 0.0150 to 0.0016. Also determine the power loss in the jump. [12 Marks] c) Sketch at least two possible surface water profiles for mild, steep and critical slopes of channel beds. [6 Marks]
Question Four – 20 Marks
a) A wide canal has a bed slope of 1 in 1000 and conveys water at a normal depth of of 1.2m. A weir is to be constructed at one point to increase the depth of flow to 2.4m. How far upstream of the weir will the depth be 1.35m? Take C in Chezy formula as 55. [12 Marks] b) Show that: i. For a rectangular weir with end contractions, Q = 1.84(L-0.1nH)H3/2 where n is number of end contractions. [4 Marks] ii. For a triangular (or V-notch) weir, Q = KH3/2 [3 Marks]
