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M2 - (Unit-1)

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M2 - (Unit-1)

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ee 8 UNIT FIRST ORDER ODE PART-A SHORT QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS Qt. Define differential ‘equation. Answer t A differential equation can be defined as an equation that contains differential coefficients o derivatives in it. Examples @ » ede+edy=0 d +nr=0 i) ae Gil) yf -2y"+ "= 0. Q2. Whats an exact differential equation? Give an example. Answer = Model Paper-t, Q1(3) Exact Differential Equation ‘An equation of the form Mdx + Ndy'= 0 (where Mand N are functions of x and y) is said to be Exact differential equation. au _ an oy or Example: (x? + y)de+(° +x)dy=0 The general solution of this form is obtained as, fou + fuy ne (etme Q3. Define linear differential equation. Give an example. Answer : AA differential equation of the form Samy =9 (Where P, Q are functions of x of constant) is said to be linear, if the dependent variable and its derivatives are of first degree. Example: © ¢2ytgnx=sinx a The general solution of linear differential equation is obtained as, yp) = Joxurase Where, Integrating factor (LF) = J SPECTRUM ALLINFONE JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS SIA GROUP Pang s equanga the functions of variable ‘x, then the ‘on in vis defined as, Q8. ‘Solve: ce Answer ~ 2xy)dx + (siny —x)ay=0 Given differential ‘equation is, (~2eayde + inp Equation (1) is of the form, Mads + Nay = 9 “dy = 0 w= (I) ; ; Q) ‘Omaring equations (1) and (2), M=x—2ey @) =) Partially differentiating equation (3) with espectto'y’, Ns siny 2 on (5) Partially differentiating equation (4) with respect to ‘x’, ai ax From equations (5) and (6), aM. _ an ay 7 Oe 2x =O ‘Thus, the given differential equation is exact. The gerieral solution of an exact differential equation is given by, Jit act [rayne . (constant) (terms independent of x) J (2-20)aer f sinyay é of Bde-2y f ste f sinydy~e ap BaF fecoy-e => Sry 3cosy=3e — 3rty — 3eosy = 3¢ (2x +y + 1)dx + (2y +x + B)dy = 0. Q6. Solve: Model Papor-2, Qt(a) Answer. > . Given differential axtyr aes Ore 9O°9 equation is, ~ {for the SIA GROUP Loco ‘QB on the TILE Cover before you buy Loo . MATHEMATICS-I [UNTU-HYDERABAD, Fquation (I) is of the form, . Mdv + Ndy =0 oe Comparing eq ety el : =) x48 ~) Partially differentiating equation (3) with respect tg > OM. 94140 ~O From equations (5) and (6), aM, oy" ‘Thus, equation (1) is art exact differential equation. ‘The solution of an exact differential equation is given frace frdec (constant) (terms independent of x). J[(2ety+1)de+ f (20+8)dr=e by, = Stayty txt gyec Btytytet Solve (sin y + y sin x)dx (cos x—x cosy)dy Answer : : Given differential equation is, (in y + y sin x) de ~ (cose ~x cosy) dy > Giny + ysine) de + (xcosy—cosx) dy=0 (1) Equation (1) is of the form , : Mdr+Ndy=0 + » @) Comparing equations (1) and (2), . M= siniy + ysine @ N=xcosy—cosr : od Partially differentiating equation 3) with respect to ‘y’, aM. . ahem cosy + sine . ~@) Partially differentiati an ar ‘equation (4) with respect to", ‘osy ~(—sinx) eo NIT-1 FIRST ORDER ODE aN A 2 f(snytysing)act Jo=e > siny fdrty fsinxdc=e >> xsiny-ycosr=e . xsiny—y coss QB. Show that (xt — xy? + y)ex{2xly — dxy? + siny) dy =0is an exact differential equation. ‘Answer: Given differential equation is, (a= 2? + ye — (ety — iy? + siny)dy = 0 Equation (1) is of the form, Max + Nay =0 = Q@ ‘Comparing equations (1) and (2), M=x!-2y7+y" . N =-(2x'y— 419+ siny) = 4x9? — 2e'y—siny «Partially differentiating equation (3) with respect to BM 0d 4y = Bea) =) Partially differentiating equation (4) with respect to ON ways —dxy-0 al = Pe-aw-») 6) From equations (5) and (6), aM _ aN “oy” ax <:._ Thus the given differential equation is exact. Q9, Solve (e+ 1)cos x dx + e” sin x dy =0. Answer . ° Given differential equation is, (e+ Neos x de +e" sinx dy=0 Equation (1) is of the form, Mds+Ndy=0 Where, M= (e+ 1) cos x sinx SPECTRUM ALL-IN-ONE JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS ———————______ ally with respect t0 'x', am ay e cos x ferete e008 5 + Equation (1) is an exact differential equation. ‘The general solution of exact equation is given by, f af cterms independent of xin N)dy = ¢ (yeoman > fo iycosrde+ f ode (+1) Q10,-Solve sec? x tan y dx + y tan x dy =0 Model Paper-1, Q1(b) Answer + Given differentiaf equation is, seckr tany dx + sec?y tax dy = 0 oI) Equation (1) is of the form, Mads + Ndy =0 w=) Comparing equations (1) and (2), M=sec?x tany ' (3) N= sec?y tan . (4) Partially differentiatniy equation (3) with respect to ‘y", 2M scetysecty eo Partially differentiating equation (4) with respect to ‘x’, 2M sey see , aN secysecs am _ aN “ay. ax ‘Thus, equation (1) is an exact differential form, ‘The general solution ofan éxact differential equations - given by, faacs fray ¢ (eoastant) (Terms independent of x) * > foestrianydce foe > tany f sectar, =e A= [omaha @) Where, Titegrating factor (LF) = o'er Mx as LF ‘Substituting the corresponding values of LF ding cquation (3), sponding values of LF and Q in 109 = fiadere, = we fuse : > Dae 25 : The solution isxy'= +e : a2. Sone: Saynen Answer : Model Paper a¥(a) Given differential equation is, & tyne* Al) Equation (1) represents linear differential equation ofthe form, B+rlx)y-O(x) 2) © = Comparing equations (1) and (2), Pi) = 1,0) =e" “The general solution ofa Hinear dierent! equaton i given by, . . yo thm f Ox) x18 deve . 3) FT MATHEMATICS-II [JNTU-HYDERABAp) Where Int regrating Factor (LF)= J A=} _ Je Substituting the corresponding values of Q and J.F in equation @) ye)= Karte = ges fadere > yee worse 3 13, solve: + ytanx = seex. Answer Given diferenia equton is #+(tanx)y = seex _) Equation (1) represents linea differential equation ofthe # + Pls \y=o(x) =@) ‘Comparing equation (2) with equation (1), o Pls) tanx and Q(x) = see x ‘The general solution of a linear differential equation is « sivenas, yxtF= f O(s)x1F dete + -G) Where, Inepraing Factor (LF) = of *) = fst ‘gnome LF = secx Substituting the corresponding values of @ and Fin equation GB pron fmeesnies « = re fucedree 7 yseer=tane +e 14, Wr Answer 7 Bernoulli wi J seer=tane +e, rite the Bemoulli's equation in * Pand Q are the functions of et "serutin dened ag ARE the te & Semage | (here, n is real constant, Took for the SIA GROUP Loco 5 on the TTLE CovER betore youbuy Pee uNIT-1 FIRST ORDER ODE jewton's Law of cooling. at! answer Mov! Paper-3, ata) Newton's Inw of cooling states that “Temperature of body varies at a rate proportional to the difference in temperature between surrounding medium and the body”, Mathematically it is represented as, a dt Where, (0-0) 6, ~ Temperature of the surroundings 6 ~ Temperature of the body k—Constai 16. State law of natural growth. June-t4, ato) OR Define law of natural growth and decay. Answer t Lav of natural growth and decay states that rate of disintegration of radioactive substance is proportional to NV radioactive substance at time f, ay ie, FnN Where, k= Constant and Negative sign indicates disintegrat eee Q17. The number N of bacteria in a culture grew at a rate proportional to N..The value of N was initially 100 and increased to 332 in one hour. What was the value of N after 1% hours? Answer = Given that, Model Paper'3, Q1(b) an aN Integrating on both sides, k+c, = = we (l) When From equation (1), N=100¢" Also given when f= 1, N= 332 => 332=100e 332 332 =) dap ak tos (jaa) SPECTROM ALL-IN-ONE JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS, 2 Ne 1008 To find V when ¢ ' ' i 2 From equation (2), soi} N= 1006 100 ( any? 100 (io) N> 6049 Explain tho method of differential equation solvable for ‘y’. nz 100 J Fort= Qt Answer t A differential equation is first order but not first degree is expressed as, Fox, (I) ‘Where, dy P Ifthe equation (1) is solvable for ‘y’, then y= AEP) (2) Differentiating equation (2) with respect to ‘x’, p= = ate) ~@) Equation (3) is reduced to two variables x and p. The solution will be in the:form of Fx. p, 0) = (4) ‘The elimination of p between equation (2) and (4) gives the relation betwee wdc, which is the required solution, kh b+rey® -o From equation (2) if - 1 FIRST ORDER ODE unit DE 1.7 PART-B ESSAY QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS 41.4 EXACT, LINEAR AND BERNOULLI'S EQUATIONS gat Define differential equation, order and degreo of a differential equations. answer! . pitferential Equations For answer refer Unit-l, QI. order. The order of a differential equation is defined as the order of the highest derivative in the equation, Examples. 24 te taye de fy ADE dared dy ye Where, * isthe yest derivative 2 Order = 1 in SF Df +e-Dyee Where, > is the highest derivative ve Onder =2 Degree Degree is defined as the highest power of the higher order derivative in the equation. Examples . @ ai) 2. Degree = 6 Gaz. What is an exact differential equation? Mention the stops Involved in determining an exact differential equation. Answer t , Exact Differential Equati For answer refer Unite1, Q2. * Procedure ‘The sequence of steps involved in Step 1 inthe form Md + Nay JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS ‘SIA GROUP rs SPECTRUM ALL-IN-ONE determining an exact differential equation are, 4.8 Step Inq exactness, * Step, the ditterential ‘equation is tested for fey OM ay a Step 3: The f the formula, "SP isto determine the general solution using Given differential equation is, (ae + hy + ghate + (he + by + d= 0 Equation (1) is of the form, Mae + Ndv=0 =) w= (2) ‘Comparing equations (1) and (2), Maar ipse -@) Nehe+ byes @ Partially differentiating equation (3) with respect to", (8) Partially differentiating equation (4) with respect to‘x*, ay Wensoro a an h 6) From equations (5) and (6), away yor - Thus, the given differential equation is exact, ral soluti jifferential equation is Jution of an exact differential (Tbe gents 5 Jiorireene » _ forepire = foaeonfaafercafur free ae eheterth FP anysasist 2h o2e © paanawt eae for th SIA GROUP LOGO Look Answer t / Given differential equation is, (ety 2d (ey t Ad ty Equation (1) is ofthe form, ade + Nay=0 a Comparing equation (2) with equation (1), Sao 43) Morty aytd ‘a Partially differentiating equation (3) with respect to *y', ots) ly differentiating equation (4) with respect to*x’ aN 1-040 aN 6 = or From equations (5) and (6), aM. _ aN. “ay ~ ax ‘Thas, the given differential equation is exact. . ‘The general solution of an exact differential equation is given : fitacr fname * (rconstant) (Terms independent of x) J[(xty=2)der f(y+4)aree z Sra rfac-2f ae T yaresfayne y 2 25. Solve (x+y? atpxdx (sy pyayeo ‘Anewer : Model Paper-1, 02(a) Given differential equation is, (+ Pardes (2 By dy aay . O) From equation (5) and (6), aM aw ay ae the given differential equation is exact. ‘The general solution of an exact differential equation is by) ave Jfstac f mdy =e (constant) (tens independent of x) [(eroranacs [evyd oe a flerytearldet [Up rbiyly “€ G27. Solve (y* + 2xy)dx + (2xy + x?}dy = 0. Answer = Given differential equation is, (y2+2y)dr+(20 +7 )dy= 0 ol) Equation (1} is of the form, Mae + Ndy=0 2) Comparing equations (1) and (2), Mayet 20 .Q) Nady tx (4) Partially differentiating equation (3) with respect to y, Bn ay + 2x aM. = “dst w= (5) Partially differentiating equation (4) with respect to x, = Maryn From equations (5) and (6), aM... ON. ae” By = 6) the give The ms Biven ag,” 8Mera ey EHNaT ogo ee MHon oF an exact differential equation is Sf sacs Nav =C rm nent a 5) Ginn ire equtn eB = as £ een ae ‘The above equation can be writterias, (+84 Qa ide=0 -() Equatiori (1) is the form of, . Mate + 8 @ ‘Comparing equations (1) and (2), Me 2y-2 -0) Nealtst Panially diffeentitng,equation'(3) with reipect to aM. Sf ae Partially differentiating equation (4) with respect 10x, 6) jal equition is exact. jven differei : ean a ton ofanexot dierent equations i “The general sol as, Ndy + Mes suet Gy eonstan! ros nace formers tw 9 “fer farne > of ‘axdy if GO Ox for the SIA GROUP Lo Lo | [JNTU-HYDERABAD, Model Paper-2, 02 Answer: Given differential equation is, dy, voose tsiny +) de BS Gins txcosy+ydy=-(eosxtsiny ty) de, (eos sin y ty) de (sine +x 608 +2) dy 0 .(1) + Equation (1) is of the form, Mads + Ndy=0 on (2) Comparing equations (1) and (2), Meycosxtsiny+y ~@) (Ad) N=sinx +x 008 y+ Partially differentiating equation (3), with,respect toy, aM. ME wcos(yteosytt : Fe mcosxteasy +t (9) Partially differentiating equation (4) with respect to x, (6) > Fp Te08a+cosy +1 ax From equations (5) and (6), Thus, the given diferential equ is exact, The general solution of an exact differential equation is sivenas, f Mace f vay (yconstant) (Terms independent of x) > Frocmstsayisyaes fy on the TITLE Cover before you buy yr UNIT-1 FIRST ORDER ODE Jracsyfiaeome = sing) +siny(@) +90) =e Seer = ysine+ysiny tayse ‘The solution is, y sin x +x si 30. Define linear differential equations. Mention the steps Involved In determining the linear ‘equations. ‘Answer t Linear Differential Equation For answer refer Unit-1, Q3. Procedure ‘The sequence of steps involved in determining linear ‘equations are, Step 1 ‘The frst step isto write the given equation in the form * Seppe qthree Step 2 7 In second step, the functions P and Q are identified. ‘Step 3 The next step is to evaluate the integrating factor ier J Step 4 Final steps to determine the general solution using the formula, 5 © yx (R= JoxuFutcre dy _2y 934 solve ax ‘Answer : Given differential equation is, G 23x = Byes dex o@ Equation (1) represents a linear differential equation of the form, . Serawy=o0 . w=) ‘Comparing equation (2) with equation (1), PG)==2, a) =38 . ‘The general solution of ven as, pen = fort rtcec Where, y= noe Integrating factor (LF) = Lastogrre =x7Glogr+) a2, solve: ha axty =x? Answer : ‘Model Paper-3, Q2(a) Given differential equation is, ) Equation (1) represents a linear differential equation of the form, \ (2) ‘Comparing equation (2) with equation (1), PQ@)=38, Q00=8 ‘The general solution of a linear differential equation is Bivenas, yx(LF)» [O(x) «LF dete 8) Where, Integrating Factor (LF) = ef M#* J Jt | MATHEMATICS" [JNTU-HYDE; \ i : ics-Hl “ ib —caponding values in equaipoel Substituting the ¢ = “sponding values in equation (3). ” (=) re we dite a Leyes Di ittere re rent “SPECt to + ating above equation with equation with, doy Dividing equation (1) by, dee a at Equation (2) represents a linear differential equation of the form, @ dy Lipy-9 8) ax? 9 Comparing equations (2) and (3), , 2 1 pane 1 general solution ofa finear differential equation is given as, Jeger te =) x where, LF= en ing factor, Integral ipe 2 Let, 7 Aled faeare = Hreafreare a loose f re'ai]ve = Mpenaet-e'|te P-2-1]+e A] + ee. + 2xy's x/1—x?. Given siren equation is, aving? ary & Divi de Sy MAING equation (1) by 1 — 42, wl o 2 Look for! SIA GROUP Loco on the trig COVER betore youb Qu buy, 1.13 oA) es ‘ax Q35. Solve (1+x’): y Answer = Model Paper-t, Q2(0) Given differential equation is, a2) Zeye wlll ase yey a Dividing equation (1) by (1+ =), oy ~Q a Ter Equation (2) represent a linear differential equation of the form, 2s pye -@) Ssry=0 @ Comparing equation (3) with equation (2), SPECTRUM ALLIN-ONE JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS The general solution of a linear differential equation is givenas, yxLF = fQxbeydere (A) Where, ww (5) y dete 6) -( Let, Differentiating equation (7), with respect to ‘x’, ar ee = a=e We rae ‘Substituting equations (7) and (8), in équation (4), yee furse Solve: x{¥+ 2y = logx. Given differential equation is,» 4 xf +2y=loge The above equation can be written as, Y atx 7 1) Equation (1) represents a linear differential equation of the form, ay Be py=0 = Q) Comparing equation (2) with equation (1), o- BE pal, IA GROUP 43 CO — <_< 7 | TU-HYDERAg, lag MATHEMATICS: 1 [JN yy x IPE a yrupe fers LE 6, = chet Integrating factor, (LF)=32 Substituting the corresponding values in ‘equation (3), Mes [PME ag = w= fstogrdese Po ste fade f Lips) fedeve = w= tops(8)- [Lace = vot = Slee ote 2, ' 2 Bee 5 ee gar. Solve : $Y +ycotx = cos x. Answer = Given differential equation is, BY (cotx)y ~eose i) ion (1) represents a linear differential equation of the Equation (1) represents. form, . B+ Play ~ 0 a nd 2), =Q) ‘Comparing equations (1) 3 : cot x, Oe) = 088 Phx) ~ cots, G ution ofa finear differential eguation i given Where, it yee! ntegrating Factor (LE) Integrating 2 2 Li esine isttuting the,corresponding values of O and tpi, Substituting the, equation. psine= mine $f Binscosnte-+e = nines 4 [sinante re sow = =o082" > pine = $F te = =O082K 4g => 4ysinx =—cos2x + 4e. > dysiny + cos2x = de 2: dysiny He0s2t = de, fine Bernoulli's equation. Wr involved in solving a Bernoulli's rite the steps ‘equation, Answer : ll’s Equation > For answer refer Unit-1, Q4, ‘Thesteps involved insolving a Bemoulli’s equation are, © Initially, the given ditterential equation should be SOnverted into the standard form of Bernoulli, equation. * ie Ser egin (i) The second step is to divide the entire equation bys {0 obtain an equation ofthe form, y~" Gi) The nent st ob Tet sD is 10 replace ye by tand solve to obtain ‘linear equation in ¢p, (y Finally replace by ya ‘The general sol (510 achieve the desired i Look for the GROUP Loco on the TILE COVER before you bay vo yT-1 FIRST ORDER ODE 1.15 uN! gue. solve: +X = xytsin x answer? | Given differential equation i, # +E Sasi a) Equation (1) represents a Bernoulli’ equstion of the form, # + Py =ov Converting equation (1) into a linear differential equation by aividing it with Fas, : ~) Q) A) di = H-(b)p~-rsine (5) Equation (5) represents a linear differential equation of the form, dts py Lepr 20 (6) ‘Comparing equations (5) and (6), | p= =b,g=-xsine. The general solution ofa linear differential equation is given by, * youre [gx LFde +e 0) Where, i Integrating Factor (1.F) = elem wel SPECTRUM ALLIN-ONE JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERING ‘STUDENTS cap ed. PECIRON ALIN ONE JOURNAL SIA GROUP {3 ” Substituting the corresponding values in equation (7), Mo -fasines barre os ef sinedete & 2 (Ceosr) +e 2 2 seosete comr=e ¥ -cosx =e _ d 40! solve $Y + 2y tanx ‘Answer ‘ Model Paper2, 02(0) Given differential equation is, ~() 2) 6) Substituting above values in equation (2). dv Ps 2¢ansye=1 # y¢anyv=-1 (4) is Equation (4 represents linear differential equation of the form, uy : re a= (3) Comparing equation (5) with equation (4), 1 P=—2tanr,Q= ‘The general solution of a linear differential equation is - givens, (6) YxLE, foxracte Inte, “Sating factor (LE) = g/nt > LE = ¢/-2tanse SS OLF = ¢-2hp(me) > ret Substiv ’stituting the ‘Corresponding values in equation (6), Prone = ftccostedetc S ye0sts = — fcostnte+ = Ff arcosandere - aL / a+ feos2xa]+e ape }ee 1.2 APPLICATIONS: NEWTON'S LAW OF COOLING, LAW OF NATURAL GROWTH AND DECAY If the temperature of a cup of coffee is 92°C when freshly poured in a room hav- ing temp 24°C, in one minute itwas cooled to 80°C. How long a period must elapse, _before the temp of the cup becomes 65°C? (ii) A body kept in air with temp 25°C cools from 140°C to 80°C in 20 minutes. Find when the body cools down to 35°C, 41. (i) ’ Answer: @_— Giyen that, Room temperature (0,) = 24°C Let 0, be the temperature of coffee at time ‘r, From Newton ‘s law of cooling, a) dt (0-9,) dO. = 4 (0-24) =o Bk dO = — kt > 0-4 Look for the SIA GROUP Loco = fit for JN 0-24) =- tos ( 0,0=92 initial condition : = 7 a equation (1), log (92 — 24) = — kay +e Jog (68) = , Seosttting the value of “ein equation (1 ; tog (0-24) =~ #t + log 68 at reduces to 80° C ji ; ‘The temperature duce: int ning =1,0=80 as Jog (80 - 24) =~ A(1) + log 68 => log 68—log 56=* Substituting the value of kin equation (2) 68 = log(0-24) == log ($3) 1+ logs p 8 65° ; log (65-24) = log ($8, => log - log 68 =- log ($8) =- 0.496 0.496 minutes ()Giventhat, The body is kept atthe temperature of 25°C Let O be the temperature of the body at time“. From Newton's law of cooling, = ir = 0-25) a. = a F 7-K0~25) * = =25 ~~ far * 10810~25| eens g al Initial condition, 0, O=140 From equation, (), og | 140-28 | = ~kO)+e = log | 115 | On th © TITLE COVER before you buy es y- | - UNIT-1 FIRST ORDER ODE 117 ‘Substituting the value of *c’ in equation (1), When, Jog | 0-25 | © kr+ log | 115 From equation (1), = kt = log 115 —log (0-25) we Q) Also given that the temperature reduces to 80°C after 20 minutes. = ie,* 1=20, 0=80 ~ 20) = log 115 ~ log (80-35) When, #10, N= 400 =>, K20) = log 115 -log 55 From equation (1), A ioe (23 = 100.0 a) 4o0= 100 / Substituting the value of *&° in equation (2), = 1 (3 = 5 tol Ff) eg 15-1 (0-25) Z 2A ae 2) => 10k=log 4 4 5 tog pies log 1$-log(35-25) = key = ke i9 oe bs Tod 3 = Jog 4°" 2041 . we N= 100e"4"" f 20flog 115 —Iog 10} +2) ‘Thus, when ¢= 3 hrs. From equation (2), N= 100 €*"” = 100 et? = 100 « (4)? = 100 « 1.5157 N= 151,57 If 30% of radioacti 10 days, how long will it take for 90% of disappear? ‘Answer = Given that, increases from 100 to 400 grams in 10 hours. 30% of a radioactive substance disappears in 10 days. How much was present after 3 hours? . Let, N be the amount of radioactive substance. Assume Answer + Model Paper-2, x(a) | ‘1’ be the time in days. ea According to law of natural growth and decay, ‘Since, the rate of disintegration of radioactive substance ay is proportional to V. a a “N = Mew dt an y . 3 ae aN pa i ‘ ais ‘Where, kis a constant and negative sign indicates ; disintegration, Integration on both sides, eae am log N= kt +c, alt. = Nee Integrating on both sides, aoe 1 Lav futr oe [havaf Nea => log, N=-ktte oe (l) A GROUP {3 Len ve From Non equation (1), ot0g,, "the value of cin elation (1, WRN =~ kr + top, x, SRN t09, vy =— kr = tg @ id NaN AUE= 10 days, 1% of substance disappeared after 10 days. Therefore amount lef, -N,-03N, . =07%, bs ++ From equation (2), 07. = New 0s (ery = (0.7) "9 on Substituting the value of e* in equation (2), = N=NCO.TY = N=N(O7"" ~@) Let 1, be the time taken for 90% of the substance to disappear. ‘Then, amount left after 4, days, N=N,- 09M, N=0.1N, ting the value of Vin equation (3), Substit o.1Ny= Not ot = 07 2 both sides, 23026 wey WO 203867 1, = 64.55 days vii lays for 90% of the radi “a teowil take 6455 days iy ‘dou 84. Ina hours. Determine the number of ing, set plies itself in 15 ROUTS. Answer: (ade Paper O36, oa of active ferment in the Let be the amount _ Acconiin to aw of tral growth and decay, a (ly substance to disapPeat Where, Cisa constant ‘eis rate constant Let ‘x’ be the initial amount of active in the yeast ig, Mexatr=0 From equation (1), = ce” Initial bacteria has doubled at From equation (1), 2e=Ce™ > denne > det Jog? =3k = k= df og2 8) Auris, From equation (1), Mace = sel8(fioe3) sxe eet ['+ From (2) and @ xen + Sree? =n => M=32, Taking log, on vons0.1)~ me0) Toor for the SIA GROUP Loco | UNIT-1 FIRST ORDER ODE 4.3 EQUATIONS NOT OF FIRST DEGREE 1.3.1 Equations Solvable for P 45, Explain the method of solving differential equation when it does not contain ‘x’ or ‘y" terms.” Answe (Equation That do Not Contain x Consider the differential equatio’ of the form Fo,p)=0 ice. ‘x’term is not present ofl) Ifthe equation (1) is solvable for ‘y ‘Then ay 4) Integrating equation (2), Fe) The solution of equation (1) is obtained by substituting ‘p value in equation (1). qi (2) Equation That do Not Contain ‘y", Consider the differential equation of the form FOx,p)=0 ‘y' term is not present ol) Differentiating equation (1) with respect to ‘y’, = 4 me) a Integrating equation (2); x=Fp) The solution of equation (1) is obtained by substituting, the value of ‘p" in equation (1). __* Pp Q46. Solve p= tan [-aesh ns Given equation is Ph Answer : ‘Model Paper-2, Q3(b) (+p) Equation (1) can also be written as . — np pou |x Al) = tan(p) x oe +tan'(p) (2) “Tp Differentiating equation (2) with respect to ‘y’, | Ea-en'o| SPECTRUM ALL-IN-ONE JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS 1.19 2 qd Lp 20 dp, 1 dp Toph ep Tap =o" _2_ dp _2* dp Tp dy (+p yy = 2p (I +p)? dp=dy Integrating equation (3), fa- [rasp dp (sph aye aT ~ G) te syre- +p Solve x = 4(p + p?)' Lanswe Given equation is, x=4ptp’) Differentiating equation (1) with respect to *y", = de. dp. G4 + 39h dy i. 4p prs spne x dy= 4p + 3p"\dp Integrating equation (2), fa - J (0+3p)dp SIA GROUP {3 “" 1.20 x IL [JNTU-HY! MATHEMATICS-IL ean, - " : Tegrating equation (2) Ma 271080 + p>) Differentiating equation (2) with respect tox’, 2-18 dpat = obese [ser] > de Integrating equation (3), x= B71 2ltan'@)]+e = hams +: The required solution is, * 4 +2tan'(p) +e G49. Solve y = ptanp + logcosp. Answer + Given equation is. y= planp+logeosp Differentiating equation (1) with respect to", rr & -tann secs 4 p = {tanp +pseeip—tanpl - = Q@ ~@) [a-focre = oxmtpte “The required solution is, tanp + ¢ 4.3.2 Equations Solvable for y 050, Solve y = sin p~ PCOS P Answer! Given equation is, inp pcos P a Differentiating equation (1), wit respect to ‘x’, Hd cin p-cosr) Y = cosp_f apt = Scop -[p(-sinp) 2 cosp 2] = B=Foos ple Csin p)+ (W)e0s 9] & ea => p= [eosp +psinp—cosp) 4 ae a = deesinpdp ® Integrating both sides of equation (2), Jde= Jsinp dp > xrenncosp > Ising Here, ‘c’ is constant S cosp=e-x andsinp= fimcosp — ..(3) Substitting equation 3) in equation (1), ¥> 11605" - peos p (€-2)cos" (ex) = are ys MEST y = cort(ens)= MEER -y = Gs pap xh + xR 2px) =0 = apt 2px) +x Bc 2pe)=0 = 0-2pe)(29+x2)=0 —2x'p = 0 and 2p +x. 1s =0 Integrating on both sides, [ho-[e = log p=-2logx + loge => log p+2logx=loge => logptlogx*=loge [ra logx= fogx’ ;log x + log y=10g>9'] = logprt=loge . = pe > aa On substituting equation (2) in equation (2) , x x 3 fact xt = yt GG Cag? 1.21 4.3.3, Equations Solvable for x Q52, Solve x=y+alogp Answer Given equation is, xeytalogp A) Differentiating the equation (1) with respect to ‘y", aloe?) | Integrating on both sides, y=ct(-l)alog (=p) => y=e-alog(1—p) 2) ‘Substituting equation (2) in equation (1), —alog(i=p)+alogp Q53, Solve xp?=a+bp Answer . Model Paper-1, 03(0) Given equation is, xp =atbp Equation (1) can also be written as, 0) 2) ~-B) tenn oy en i ROP & 0 Integrating the above equation, fa foa = pz Substituting the equation (9) in equation (7), yeert+fe) (10) Equation (10) is the required solution of Clarau’s ~@) 6) equation, (Q55. Reduce (y - px)(p— 1) =p to clairaut's form and find the solution. Answer : Given equation is . 0-9 @-1)=p 0) Equation (1) can also be writen as vom Pr mt . Seep ee a) Equation (2) in Clairaut's form, Pieeniing equation (2) with respecte‘ y depts Py dp a ZP|« p ie ' ea wn) Integrating equation (3), Ja- fo spre a ‘Substituting equation (4) in equation (1), @-e)(e-N=e ©. The solution of (y— px) (p — G 56. Reduce p = log(px — y) to Clairaut’s form and find the solution. 1)=pis, x)(c Answer Given equation is, P= log (px—y) O) Taking anti-log on both sides, Anti log p=pr-y = @=pr-y [+ Anti loge =e") = yaprne 2) Equation (2) is in Clairaut's form. Differentiating bare (2) with respect to‘, 2 apts Bek 1.23 ‘057. Find the general and singular solution of the differential equation y = px + a®p?+b?. Answer: Given equation is, yopet ap eb mo) Differentiating equation (1), with respect t0 ‘x's y d aapnh-ty dt fe reehe eh ae ; dy d Ap? » dp > Paper slap rb) p <2 papts B+ (ap ony =, P(r+(aip'+b'}!)=0 Q) =, Bro 0) Integrating euaion (2) A) tion (4) in equation (1), yrert deo rc) “From equation (2), xtatp (a’p'+6)? =0 => ap(a'p' +b) = dx = alp=xaip +h = p=pre- 2 > apt —statpt eB . > @pla- #i- ee = £o-a=0 = yA _ @ re == ‘Taking square root on both sides, > @) be . Pa 6) ra Substitution equation (6) in equation (1), . = be a (ox) (4) in equation (1), . yo art et? = log(er-y) ‘ ‘ bet PFT i > = Dx x’ + b'a*-b'x" = Substituting the corresponding values in equation (2), P : vexPty Po ’ PP yy =p 2 > varP+y ay = vers 2 0) Equation (3) is in clairaur's form a) ‘Substituting equation (4) in equation (3), poets teva :, The general solution is yeats Look for the SIA GROUP Loco ik on the trig GOVER before you buy

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