Creating, Compiling, and Executing a Java

Program

Lecture 4

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, ITER

Siksha ’O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

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Contents

1 Creating, Compiling, and Executing a Java Program

2 Structure of a Java program

3 Programming Style and Documentation

4 Programming Errors

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Creating, Compiling, and Executing a Java Program

You can use any text editor or IDE to create and edit a Java
source-code file.

A Java compiler translates a Java source file into a Java

bytecode file. The following command compiles Welcome.java:
javac Welcome.java

Once the bytecode file is generated, then this bytecode file can be
executed using the following command:
java Welcome

The bytecode is similar to machine instructions but is architecture

neutral and can run on any platform that has a JVM.
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Java Program Development Process

Figure 1: Java Program Development Process

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The Java Program Execution Process

Figure 2: The Java Program Execution Process

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Structure of a Java program

Figure 3: Basic Structure of a Java program

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Programming Style and Documentation

Programming style deals with what programs look like.

Documentation is the body of explanatory remarks and comments

pertaining to a program.

Good programming style and appropriate documentation reduce

the chance of errors and make programs easy to read.

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Appropriate Comments and Comment Styles

It is good practice to include a summary at the beginning of the

program.
You should also include comments that introduce each major
step.
// Line comment
/* */ Block Comment
/** */ Javadoc Comment

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Proper Indentation and Spacing

A consistent indentation style makes programs clear and easy to

read, debug, and maintain.

Indentation is used to illustrate the structural relationships

between a program’s components or statements.

Indent each subcomponent or statement at least two spaces

more than the construct within which it is nested.

A single space should be added on both sides of a binary

operator, as shown in the following statement:

System . o u t . p r i n t l n ( 3 + 4 * 4 ) ; Bad s t y l e
System . o u t . p r i n t l n ( 3 + 4 * 4 ) ; Good s t y l e
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Block Styles

p u b l i c c l a s s Test
{
p u b l i c s t a t i c v o i d main ( S t r i n g [ ] args )
{
System . o u t . p r i n t l n ( ” Next − l i n e s t y l e ” ) ;
}
}

p u b l i c c l a s s Test {
p u b l i c s t a t i c v o i d main ( S t r i n g [ ] args ) {
System . o u t . p r i n t l n ( ” End− of − l i n e s t y l e ” ) ; }
}
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Programming Errors

Programming errors can be categorized into three types: syntax

errors, runtime errors, and logic errors.
Syntax Errors : Errors that are detected by the compiler are
called syntax errors or compile errors. Syntax errors result from
errors in code construction.
Runtime Errors : Runtime errors are errors that cause a program
to terminate abnormally. They occur while a program is running; if
the environment detects an operation that is impossible to carry out.
Logic Errors : Logic errors occur when a program does not
perform the way it was intended to.

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Example

p u b l i c c l a s s Test {
p u b l i c s t a t i c main ( S t r i n g [ ] args ) {
System . o u t . p r i n t l n ( ” Block S t y l e s ) ;
System . o u t . p r i n t l n ( 5 / 0 ) ;
System . o u t . p r i n t l n ( ( 9 / 5 ) * 35 + 3 2 ) ;
}
}

void is missing in line 2 and closing quotation mark is missing in

line 3(Syntax error).
division by zero is not possible in line 4(Runtime error).
the output of line 5 will be 67 instead of 95(Logical error).
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References

Y Daniel Liang ‘Introduction to JAVA Programming, Comprehensive Version’,

Pearson, 2014.

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