GELEGO-GUBA ROAD PROJECT SUPERSTRUCTURE ANNEXURE 1-1

2) 7.0M R.C.SLAB SUPERSTRUCTURE DESIGN BY LRFD METHOD

Span : 7.00 m , Slab 8.90
Consultant: Beza Consulting engineers
Designed by : MWH 0.8 7.30 (clear roadway width) 0.8
Case: Statical calculation
Assume
- Main reinforcements are placed parellel to
center line of roadway. 0.25 m
- The bottom of the slab is assumed level. 0.15 0.42 0.15
0.42 m
8.60
2.1. PARAMETERS
Clear span Lc= 7.00 m
No. of bays(span) = 1
No. of piers= 0
Curb width (top) = 0.75 m
Curb width (bottom) = 0.8 m
Curb depth = 0.25 m
Width of abutment = 0.4 m
Center to center of abutment perpendicular to Support S = L = 7.40 m
Total length of superstructure = 7.8 m
Clear width of superstructure = 7.30 m
Total width of superstructure = 8.90 m
No of lane = 2
Cross fall = 2%
Railing depth = 0.40 m
Railing width = 0.30 m
Post depth = 0.25 m
Post width = 0.30 m
Post height = 0.90 m
Average post spacing = 1.50 m
Skewness angle = 0 Deg.

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 GELEGO-GUBA ROAD PROJECT SUPERSTRUCTURE ANNEXURE 1-1

2.2. Loading type: HL -93 (ERA standard specification)

2.3 Material Properties
Type of concrete: Grade 30 ERA Table 9.1
fc'= 24 Mpa ```
fc=0.4fc'= 9.6 Mpa
gc = 24 KN/m3
Type of steel for reinforcement:
For bar with size greater than or equal to f20, For bar with size less than f20,
Grade-60 Grade-40
fy = 420.00 MPa fy = 300.00 MPa
fs = 168 Mpa fs = 150.0 Mpa
n= 9
Es = 200000.0 Mpa K=nfc/(nfc+fs) = 0.3396
Ec = 23172.2 Mpa ERA(eqn.9.4) J=1-K/3 = 0.89
modular ratio n=Es/Ec= 9.0 R=1/2*fc*k*j = 1.45 Mpa
f moment = 0.9
f shear = 0.9 { ERA,table 9-7
b= 0.85
of rupture =fr =0.63sqrt(fc') = 3.09 MPa ERA, Eqn.(9.5)

z in Eq. 9.15 = 30000 N/mm (AASHTO 2004,Art. 5.7.3.4.-2 for moderate exposure)

For rebar f => 20 mm

rb = 0.85b1fc'/fy*(600/(600+fy)) = 0.0243
For rebar f < 20 mm
rb = 0.85b1fc'/fy*(600/(600+fy)) = 0.0385
Load Factors
Dead load limit state factor = 1.25 ERA, Tab. 3-3
Live load limit state factor = 1.75 ERA, Tab. 3-2
Dead load service state factor = 1.00 ERA, Tab. 3-2
Live load service state factor = 1.00 ERA, Tab. 3-2
Fatique Live load factor = 0.75 ERA, Tab. 3-2

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 GELEGO-GUBA ROAD PROJECT SUPERSTRUCTURE ANNEXURE 1-1

2.4. Dead load moments: W

Dead load moments at different points a
Mo[KN
Dmin=1.2(S+3000)/30 where s is in mm a x [m] VA [KN/m] m/m] b
Dmin. = 0.416 m 0 0.00 41.366 0 Se= 7.40
take Dslab= 0.42 m 0.05 0.37 37.2294 14.5401 Ra Rb
Dead load: 0.1 0.74 33.0928 27.5498
W_slab=Dslab*24= 10.08 KN/m2 0.15 1.11 28.9562 39.0288Ra=Rb=Va W*S/2 41.37 KN
Post & railing load = 0 " 0.2 1.48 24.8196 48.9773 M=W*S /8 76.5271 KN-m/m
2

Weight of wearing surface ws= 1.1 " 0.25 1.85 20.683 57.3953
========= 0.3 2.22 16.5464 64.2828
Total DL= 11.18 KN/m2 0.35 2.59 12.4098 69.6397
0.4 2.96 8.2732 73.466
0.404 2.99 7.94898 73.7012
0.45 3.33 4.1366 75.7618
0.5 3.70 0 76.5271
2.5. Live load moments:
point of maximum live load moment= (S/2-0.711)/S 0.404 Se
Distribution of live load laterally: (see section 12-8 Eq. 12.40)
The equivalent width of longitudinal strips per lane for both shear and moment with one lane, I.e., two lines of wheels, loaded may be determined as:
E1 = 250+0.42sqrt(L1W1) L1 = 7400 mm = 7.40 m
= 3658.5 mm/lane load W1 = 8900.0 mm

The equivalent width of longitudinal strips per lane for both shear and moment with more than one lane loaded may be determined as:
E2 = 2100+0.12sqrt(L1W1)<=W/NL L1 = 7400 mm
= 3074 mm/lane load W1 = 8900.0 mm
E= 3.074 m

Impact factor I = 1+IM/100 Where IM = 33 % (for Servicibility limit state design) = 1.33 Tab.3-8
a) HS20-44

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 GELEGO-GUBA ROAD PROJECT SUPERSTRUCTURE ANNEXURE 1-1

wheel load W= 72.500 KN

Live load/m = LL/m = W/E = 23.586 KN/m
Total LL/m+I = 2P = 62.739 KN/m ( For two line of wheel or axel loading)
b) Design Tandem/Military Loading
wheel load W= 55.000 KN
Live load/m = LL/m = W/E = 17.8929 KN/m
Total LL/m+I = 2P = 47.5950 KN/m ( For two line of wheel or axel loading)
c) Lane load load = 9.3 KN/m
load per meter width= 3.026 KN/m
3.0 m
9.3 KNm

7.40

Case -1 Moment and shear at rear wheel position ( truck moving to the right )

a) HS20-44 Loading
p P P/4
4.3 4.3
X=a*s

A B
X1
X2

X3
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 GELEGO-GUBA ROAD PROJECT SUPERSTRUCTURE ANNEXURE 1-1

a x x1 x2 x3 VA VA(KN) Mo Mo(KN/m)
0 0 0.00 3.100 7.4 1.42 89.02 0.000 0.00
0.05 0.37 0.00 2.730 7.03 1.32 82.75 0.488 30.62
0.1 0.74 0.00 2.360 6.66 1.22 76.47 0.902 56.59
0.15 1.11 0.00 1.990 6.29 1.12 70.20 1.242 77.92
0.2 1.48 0.00 1.620 5.92 1.02 63.93 1.508 94.61
0.25 1.85 0.00 1.250 5.55 0.92 57.65 1.700 106.66
0.3 2.22 0.00 0.880 5.18 0.82 51.38 1.818 114.06
0.35 2.59 0.00 0.510 4.81 0.72 45.10 1.862 116.82
0.4 2.96 0.00 0.140 4.44 0.62 38.83 1.832 114.94
0.404 2.989 0.00 0.111 4.411 0.61 38.34 1.827 114.59
0.45 3.33 0.00 0.000 4.07 0.55 34.51 1.832 114.91
0.5 3.7 0.00 0.000 3.7 0.50 31.37 1.850 116.07

case -2 Moment and shear at middle wheel position ( truck moving to the left )
P/4 P P
4.3 4.3

A B
X=a*s X1

X2

X3

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 GELEGO-GUBA ROAD PROJECT SUPERSTRUCTURE ANNEXURE 1-1

a x x1 x2 x3 rA RA VA VA(KN) Mo Mo(KN/m)
0 0 3.100 7.40 0 1.419 89.021 1.419 89.021 0.000 0.000
0.05 0.37 2.730 7.03 0 1.319 82.748 1.319 82.748 0.488 30.617
0.1 0.74 2.360 6.66 0 1.219 76.474 1.219 76.474 0.902 56.590
0.15 1.11 1.990 6.29 0 1.119 70.200 1.119 70.200 1.242 77.922
0.2 1.48 1.620 5.92 0 1.019 63.926 1.019 63.926 1.508 94.610
0.25 1.85 1.250 5.55 0 0.919 57.652 0.919 57.652 1.700 106.656
0.3 2.22 0.880 5.18 0 0.819 51.378 0.819 51.378 1.818 114.059
0.35 2.59 0.510 4.81 0 0.719 45.104 0.719 45.104 1.862 116.820
0.4 2.96 0.140 4.44 0 0.619 38.830 0.619 38.830 1.832 114.938
0.404 2.989 0.111 4.41 0 0.611 38.339 0.611 38.339 1.827 114.594
0.45 3.33 0.000 4.07 0 0.550 34.506 0.550 34.506 1.832 114.906
0.5 3.7 0.000 3.70 0 0.500 31.369 0.500 31.369 1.850 116.067

b) Design Tandem/Military Loading

a x x1 x2 VA VA [KN] Mo M [KNm]
0 0.00 6.20 7.40 1.838 87.47 0.000 0.00
0.05 0.37 5.83 7.03 1.738 82.71 0.643 30.60
0.1 0.74 5.46 6.66 1.638 77.95 1.212 57.69
0.15 1.11 5.09 6.29 1.538 73.19 1.707 81.24
0.2 1.48 4.72 5.92 1.438 68.43 2.128 101.28 1.2
0.25 1.85 4.35 5.55 1.338 63.67 2.475 117.80
0.3 2.22 3.98 5.18 1.238 58.91 2.748 130.79 p P
0.35 2.59 0.30 4.81 0.243 11.58 1.789 85.12 x =a*s Le= 7.40
0.4 2.96 3.24 4.44 1.038 49.40 3.072 146.21
0.404 2.99 3.21 4.41 1.030 49.02 3.079 146.53 c) Lane load

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 GELEGO-GUBA ROAD PROJECT SUPERSTRUCTURE ANNEXURE 1-1

0.45 3.33 2.87 4.07 0.938 44.64 3.123 148.64 X1

0.5 3.70 2.50 3.70 0.838 39.88 3.100 147.54 X2

Summary of maximum live load shear and moments at different points Lane load moments at different points
a x [m] VA [KN/m] Mo[KNm/m]
Mo [KNm] Mo [KNm]
VA [KN] VA [KN] Design
(HS20-44) DESIGN
x (HS20-44) (Tandem) Mo
a + (Tandem) VA
[m] + +
+ [KN/m]
[KNm/m
Lane
Lane
Lane
Lane
] 0.00 0.00 11.1944 0
0.00 0.00 100.22 0.00 98.67 0.00 100.22 0.00 0.05 0.37 10.075 3.935
0.05 0.37 92.82 34.55 92.79 34.54 92.82 34.55 0.10 0.74 8.95554 7.455
0.10 0.74 85.43 64.05 86.91 65.14 86.91 65.14 0.15 1.11 7.8361 10.562
0.15 1.11 78.04 88.48 81.03 91.81 81.03 91.81 0.20 1.48 6.71666 13.254
0.20 1.48 70.64 107.86 75.15 114.54 75.15 114.54 0.25 1.85 5.59722 15.532
0.25 1.85 63.25 122.19 69.27 133.33 69.27 133.33 0.30 2.22 4.47777 17.396
0.30 2.22 55.86 131.46 63.39 148.19 63.39 148.19 0.35 2.59 3.35833 18.846
0.35 2.59 48.46 135.67 14.94 103.97 48.46 135.67 0.40 2.96 2.23889 19.881
0.40 2.96 41.07 134.82 51.63 166.09 51.63 166.09 0.404 2.99 2.15115 19.945
0.404 3.33 40.49 134.54 51.17 166.47 51.17 166.47 0.450 3.33 1.11944 20.503
0.450 3.33 39.46 135.41 45.76 169.14 45.76 169.14 0.50 3.70 0 20.710
0.50 3.70 34.51 136.78 39.88 168.25 39.88 168.25

Summary of total dead and live load moments at Service load

Ms =MDL+MLL and Vs =VDL+VLL Summary of factored dead and live load moments
Mu =1.25MDL+1.75MLL
a x Vs [KN/m] Ms[KNm/m] and Vu =1.25VDL+1.75VLL
0 0 141.5819 0.00 a x Vu [KN/m]
Mu[KNm/m]
0.05 0.37 130.0519 49.09 0 0.000 227.085 0
0.1 0.74 120.0013 92.69 0.05 0.370 208.976 78.64
0.15 1.11 109.9857 130.84 0.1 0.740 193.456 148.43
0.2 1.48 99.9702 163.51 0.15 1.110 177.997 209.45
0.25 1.85 89.9547 190.73 0.2 1.480 162.538 261.66
0.3 2.22 79.9391 212.47 0.25 1.850 147.079 305.07
0.35 2.59 60.8723 205.31 0.3 2.220 131.62 339.68
0.4 2.96 59.9080 239.56 0.35 2.590 100.322 324.46
0.45 2.989 59.1230 240.18 0.4 2.960 100.702 382.5

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 GELEGO-GUBA ROAD PROJECT SUPERSTRUCTURE ANNEXURE 1-1

0.455 3.33 49.8925 244.90 0.45 3.330 100.702 383.16

0.5 3.70 39.8769 244.78 0.455 3.367 85.2435 390.7
0.5 3.700 69.7846 390.1
DESIGN TANDEM + LANE LOADING HAS GOVERNED !!
2.6. Design for flexure

a) Main reinforcement parallel to traffic

h= 420 mm
The cracking moment given by Eq.12.39 as follows: b= 1000 mm
Ig =bh3/12 = 6.17E+09 mm4
Mcr =frIg/yt = 90.74 KNm/m yt= 210 mm
fr = 3.086 MPa
The maximum factored live load plus dead load moment is;
Mu = 390.701 KNm/m Dprov. = 420 mm
Reinforcement b= 1000 mm
Mu = 390.70 KNm/m fy = 420.00 MPa
Design moment strength, fMn = fAsfy(d-a/2)ø fc' = 24.00 MPa
Asume 5 dia 28 as= 3077.2 f= 0.9
a=Asfy/(0.85fc'b)= 63.354118 mm fbar = 28 mm
fMn = fAsfy(d-a/2) = 406.326017634 cover = 25 mm
As=Mu/(øfy(d-a/2)= 3077.2 OK! dprov = 381 mm
a= 63.3541176 as= 615.4 mm2

Required As= 3077.2 mm2

Spacing 200.0 mm
Use diam 28 C/C 200 mm
Provided As 3077 mm2
r max. = 0.75rb = 0.75*0.85*β1*(fc'/fy)*600/(600+fy) β1= 0.85
= 0.01821 fc'= 24.00
r prov. = As/bd = 0.00808 OK! fy= 420.00
2.7. check depth
The depth required to resist the design moment is

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 GELEGO-GUBA ROAD PROJECT SUPERSTRUCTURE ANNEXURE 1-1

d= 367.57 ok

Checking Distribution of Flexural Reinforcements

To control flexural cracking of the concrete, tension reinforcement shall be well distributed within the maximum
flexural zones. To prevent this kind of cracking, the calculated stress in the reinforcement at service load ,fs, in
MPa shall not exceed the value computed by ,
fs = Z/(dcA)1/3 <=0.6fy ----------- Eq(9.14)
Where :Z = crack width parameter in N/mm
For modernate climate, Z= 30000 N/mm
dc = depth of concrete measured from extreme tension fiber to center of
bar ; for calculation purpose, the thickness of clear cover used to
compute dc shall not be taken greater than 50mm.
dc= 39.0 mm For single layer of tensile reinforcement,the depth (t) of the concrete shall be 2*dc
A = area of concrete having the same centroid as the principal tension
renforcement and bounded by the surfaces of the cross-section
and a straigth line parallel to the neutral axis, divided by the
number of bar. dc 2*dc =t
= 78000 mm b
Therefore,
fs = 207.0 Mpa < 252 Mpa ok

b) Distribution steel for main reinforcment parallel to traffic

To take into account for load distribution normal to traffic use distribution steel,
Percentage =1750/sqrt(s) = 20.3433368 % dia of dist. bar = 16 mm as= 201.0 mm2
Where S span length in mm- ERA 2002, Page 12-36
As dist = 626 mm2/m
Provide f 16 c/c 321 mm
Check for Shear TAKE SPACING= 320 mm
Vmax = 227.085245 KN/m
shear carried by concrte= 2*bw*d*sqrt(fc')
= 3733.02237 KN/m Ok!

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 GELEGO-GUBA ROAD PROJECT SUPERSTRUCTURE ANNEXURE 1-1

c) Shrinkage and temperature reinforcement(AASHTO)

Reinforcement for shrinkage and temperature stresses shall be provided near surfaces
of concrete exposed to daily temprature changes. The steel shall be distributed equally on both sides.

As,min= 1/8in2/ft 265 mm2/m diam= 12 mm

spacing= 427 mm
use f 12 c/c 400 mm
Extension length required at bar cut-off
Extension length reqd beyond the point at which it is no longer required is given by ;
ext reqd = max( 15*dia of bar,deff,1/20 of clear span length )
= 420 mm
Bar cutoff 7.72
Length of standard hook = m
cover to hooked bar at end = 0.04 m Bar BAR S BAR S1
Total superstructure length = 7.40 m Number 22.00 21.00
Length 8.54 7.00 m

Factored Moment and Shear diagram

Moment and
Shear

500
400
300
200
100
0
00 37 .74(Half
11 .48 .85 .22 .59 .96 .33 .37 .70
0. 0. X (m)
0 1. Span)
1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3

Moment(KN-M/M)
Shear(KN) 10
 0
00 37 .74(Half
11 .48 .85 .22 .59 .96 .33 .37 .70
0. 0. X (m)
0 1. Span)
1 GELEGO-GUBA
1 2 2 2 ROAD
3 3PROJECT
3 SUPERSTRUCTURE ANNEXURE 1-1

Moment(KN-M/M)
Shear(KN)

REINFORCING BAR SCHEDULE

TOTAL TOTAL
SIZE LENGTH
BAR NUMBER LENGTH WEIGHT SHAPE
[mm] [m]
[m] [Kg] BAR TYPE & SPACING
S 28 22 8.54 187.95 908.6 For bar S Provide f 28 c/c 400 mm
S1 28 21 7.00 147.00 710.6 For bar S1 Provide f 28 c/c 400 mm
S2 16 25 8.52 213.00 336.2 For bar S2 Provide f 16 c/c 320 mm
S3 12 19 7.72 146.7 130.2 For bar S3 Provide f 12 c/c 400 mm
S4 12 20 7.60 152.0 135.0 For bar S4 Provide f 12 c/c 400 mm

C2 12 8 7.72 61.76 54.8 For bar C1 Provide f 12 c/c 400 mm

C-1 12 40 2.69 107.51 95.46 For bar C2 Provide f 12 8

ESTIMATED QUANTITIES
ITEM No DESCRIPTION UNIT QUANTITY
GRADE 30 CONCRETE m3 31.29
REINFORCEMENT STEEL Kg 2371

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 1. SUPERSTRUCTURES

1.1 CONCRETE

GRADE 20 25 30 35
Total
Length/ Total Length/ Length/ Total Length/ T.
Depth Width Depth Width Volume Depth Width Depth Width
T. Span Volume T. Span T. Span Volume Span
(m3)
Str. Type (m3) (m3)

1 Slab 0.42 7.80 8.60 28.17

2 Curb 0.25 7.80 0.80 3.12
3 Railing 0.40 7.80 0.30 1.87
4 Post 0.40 0.90 0.30 1.51

Total Volume (m3) 0.00 0.00 34.68

1.2 REINFORCEMENT

Dia. 12 16 20 24
Total Total Total Total
Total Total Total
Length Length Weight Length Length Weight Total Length Weight Length
Bar. Type No. (m) (m) (Kg) No. (m) (m) (Kg) No. Length (m) (Kg) No. length (m)
1 S
2 S1
3 S2 25 8.52 213.00 336.23
4 S3 19 7.72 146.68 130.24
5 S4 20 7.60 152.00 134.97
6 C-1 40 2.69 107.51 95.46
7 C-2 8 7.72 61.76 54.84
415.50 336.23 0.00
Total Weight
(Kg)
2370.98

2. SUBSTRUCTURES
35
Total
Volume
(m3)

0.00

24 28 30 32
Total Total
Total Total Total Total Total
Weight Length Weight Length Weight Length Weight
(Kg) No. length (m) (Kg) No. length (m) (Kg) No. length (m) (Kg)
22 8.54 187.95 908.605
21 7.00 147.00 710.639
0.00 1619.24 0.00 0.00