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Module I Question Set

This document contains questions about key concepts in solid state physics and band theory including: 1) Definitions of unit cell and primitive cell in a lattice. 2) The constraints on wave functions including that they must be single-valued and continuous. 3) Definitions of momentum and energy operators. 4) The time-dependent and time-independent Schrodinger equations for a particle in 1D. 5) A qualitative explanation of the Kronig-Penney model and how it leads to the formation of energy bands using the Bloch theorem.

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26 views

Module I Question Set

This document contains questions about key concepts in solid state physics and band theory including: 1) Definitions of unit cell and primitive cell in a lattice. 2) The constraints on wave functions including that they must be single-valued and continuous. 3) Definitions of momentum and energy operators. 4) The time-dependent and time-independent Schrodinger equations for a particle in 1D. 5) A qualitative explanation of the Kronig-Penney model and how it leads to the formation of energy bands using the Bloch theorem.

Uploaded by

dsre
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1) What do you mean by unit cell & primitive cell in Lattice?

2) What is a Wave Function? What are the constraints the wave function must obey?
3) What are momentum and energy operators?
4) For a particle confined in one dimension, with potential distribution U(x), write the general
Schrodinger’s equation. Explain each of the terms. Derive time independent form of
Schrodinger’s equation from the time dependent form.
5) Explain qualitatively the Kronig-Penney model for atoms in a crystal mentioning the
significance of Bloch theorem. How does this model lead to formation of energy bands?
6) What is Wave Vector?
7) Explain the term “Density of States”.
8) a) State the Fermi-Dirac statistics for probability of occupancy of an energy state. Explain the
significance of Fermi energy level.
b) Find the probability of occupancy of an energy level E, if (E-EF)= 6 kB T.

9) a) Define effective mass of an electron in a crystal and derive an expression for effective
mass in relation to Energy and wave-vector. State the conditions where the effective mass is positive,
negative and infinity.

b) With E-k diagram explain direct and indirect band-gap semiconductor.


c) Explain with band-diagram the conduction properties of insulator, semiconductor and
conductor.

10) Derive the equation for intrinsic carrier concentration of a semiconductor from effective Density of
States and probability of occupancy of an energy level from Fermi-Dirac statistics.

11) What is Fermi level? What would be the probability of occupancy at absolute zero?

12) A germanium sample is doped with 1016 boron atoms per cm3 . Find the electron
concentration. Intrinsic carrier concentration of germanium is 2.5 × 1013/cm3 at 300K.

13) Find the conductivity of an intrinsic semiconductor sample with electron and hole mobility of
μn=1350 cm2/V-s and μ p=500 cm2 /V-s respectively, and intrinsic carrier concentration of
ni =1. 5 ×1010 /cm3. Also find the mobility if the sample is doped with NA = 1014 /cm 3.
2 2
n h
12) The Eigen energies of an infinite potential well of width a = 2 nm is given as En = 2 2
8π a
where n is the energy level. Find the frequency of radiation if an electron moves from energy
level n = 4 to level n = 1.

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