Library Noise Detector and Short

Information Provider System

ii
 ACKN, - LEDGEMENT

We, the designers, would like to thank our parents for the support that they

have given us in building the design that we have made; our friends who

willingly participated in testing our design effectively; Engr. Eliseo R. Francisco

who has been patient in giving us lectures and recommendations in the making

of the design; Prof. Benigno Agapito Jr. who checked the format of our

document; Prof. Susana Alabastro who patiently proof read our documents; and

especially God Almighty, who gave us strength and patience in making our

design and documenting our sources.

Caryl S. Ferrer
Harvey L. Lim
Aubrey Rae P. Ronquillo

iii
 TABLE , F C, NTENTS

TITLE PAGE i

APPROVAL SHEET ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS iv

LIST OF TABLES vi

LIST OF FIGURES vii

ABSTRACT viii

Chapter 1: DESIGN BAKCGORUND AND INTRODUCTION 1

The Design setting or context or frame of reference 1

Statement of the Problem 4
The Objective of the Design 4
The Significance of the Design 5
The Conceptual Framework 6
The Scope and Delimitation 7
Definition of Terms 8

Chapter 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND RELATED STUDIES 13

Noise Detection: Bandwidth Uncertainty

and Adjustable Channels 13
Room Noise Detector 14
Snore Alarm Electronic Device 15
Noise Sensor Simplifies Automated Noise Monitoring 18
WHO Standard Environmental Noise 19
Decibel Loudness Chart 19

Chapter 3: Design Methodology and Procedures 23

Design Methodology 23
Design Procedures for Actual Design 23
Hardware Design 26
1. Block Diagram 26
2. Schematic Diagram 27

iv
 3. List of Materials 34
Hardware Components 35
Software Design 30
Software Components 38
Prototype Development 40

Chapter 4: TESTING, PRESENTATION, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA 42

Testing of the Operation of the Library Noise Detector

with Short Message Provider 42
Testing of the Operation of Noise Detector 42
Quantifying the Noise in the Circuit 43
Testing of Noise Detection with Different Source of Sound 44
Testing of Noise Detection with Varying Distances 46

Chapter 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 49

Conclusion 49
Recommendation 50

BIBLIOGRAPHY 51

Appendix A Material Listings and Price Lists 53

Appendix B Data Sheets 54
Appendix C Program Listing 59
Appendix D User’s Manual 83

v
 LIST , F TABLES

Table 2.1: World Health Organization suggested

Environmental Noise Level. 19
Table 2.2: Environmental Noise 19
Table 2.3: OSHA Daily Permissible Noise Level Exposure 20
Table 2.4: Perceptions of Increases in Decibel Level 21
Table 2.5: Sound Levels of Music 22
Table 3.1: List of Materials 34
Table 4.1: Testing of the Operation of Noise Detector 42
Table 4.2: How the noise is quantified in the circuit 43
Table 4.3: Noise Detection with Different Sound Sources 45
Table 4.4: Testing Operation with sound level meter 47

vi
 LIST , F FIGURES

Figure 1.1: Conceptual Framework 6

Figure 2.1: Circuit diagram of room noise detector. 14
Figure 2.2: Snore Alarm Electronics Device 15
Figure 2.3: Schematic Diagram of Snore Alarm Electronic Device 17
Figure 3.1: Block Diagram 26
Figure 3.2: Diagram of whole library noise detector 29
Figure 3.3: Diagram with Microcontroller Z86733 30
Figure 3.4: Schematic Diagram of Microcontroller
PIC16F877 for the 8x8 LED Matrix 31
Figure 3.5: Diagram of the Noise Detector 32
Figure 3.6: Schematic Diagram of Power Supply 33
Figure 3.7: PCB Layout for Noise Detector 35
Figure 3.8: PCB Layout for PIC16F877 Microcontroller 35
Figure 3.9: PCB Layout for Z86E08 Microcontroller 36
Figure 3.10: System Flowchart 39
Figure 6.0: Picture of the actual Library Noise Detector
With short Information provider 85

vii
 ABSTRACT

The Library Noise Detector with Short Information Provider is a portable device
that is used in detecting noise in the library. The device is used to control
excessive noise inside the library. The system uses an operational amplifier as a
sensor to detect noise and microcontroller in displaying the output in the
message display. The design was developed as an alternative or additional help
in controlling the noise and prevent disturbances in a specific area of the library.

Keywords: library, sensor, noise, noise detector, microcontroller, operational

amplifier, message display

viii
 Chapter 1

DESIGN BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION

a. The design setting Or cOntext Or frame Of reference

Noise is widely known in science and technology. Its general meaning in

such fields, as in everyday life, is useless or interfering signal of some form. It is

any unwanted sound due to a variety of causes. Often, noise is a nuisance

because it interferes with a measurement that it is being made or with some

signal that is being transmitted. The amount of signal, divided by the amount of

noise that is also present, is often called ‘signal – to – noise ratio’ . Techniques

such as electronic filtering are often used to improve the signal – to – noise ratio.

This is useful if the signal that is being looked for is at particular frequency; the

filter allows that frequency to pass through, but not the other frequencies which

are present in the noise. The study of noise is important, because by

understanding the processes that cause it we can try to reduce it. Judgments of

whether or not environmental sounds are noises are subjective, but the fact is

that unwanted sounds can precipitate severe psychological effects. In addition,

above certain levels of intensity, noises can cause physical harm.

Such uses of the term noise have been extended to the fields of electricity

and electronics and, in general, to all areas that involve some form of frequency

range. Noise is generated within electron tubes and electrical conductors in

general, and all circuits posses an inherent level of random noise. External

interferences also contribute to electrical and electronic noise.

1
 Broadly speaking, the term noise is used in information theory to refer to

any form of disturbance of informationFbearing signals, or to any meaningless

addition to such signals. This does not, however, include redundant signals

added as means of checking the accuracy of the signals.

Noise levels are usually measured in decibel unit. A decibel is one tenth

of a bel 2B3. Devised by engineers of the Bell Telephone Laboratory to quantify

the reduction in audio level over a 1 mile (1.6 km) length of standard telephone

cable, the bel was originally called the transmission unit or TU, but was renamed

in 1 9 2 3 or 1 9 2 4 in honor of the laboratory' s founder and telecommunications

pioneer Alexander Graham Bell. In many situations, however, the bel proved

inconveniently large, so the decibel has become more common.

The decibel 2dB3 is a logarithmic unit of measurement that expresses the

magnitude of a physical quantity relative to a specified or implied reference level.

Its logarithmic nature allows very large or very small ratios to be represented by

a convenient number, in a similar manner to scientific notation. Being essentially

a ratio, it is a dimensionless unit. Decibels are useful for a wide variety of

measurements in acoustics, physics, electronics and other disciplines. The

decibel is not an SI unit, although the International Committee for Weights and

Measures (CIPM) has recommended its inclusion in the SI system. Following the

SI convention, the d is lowercase, as it represents the SI prefix deciF, and the B

is capitalized, as it is an abbreviation of a nameFderived unit, the bel (see below).

The full name decibel follows the usual English capitalization rules for a common

2
noun. The decibel symbol is often qualified with a suffix, which indicates which

reference quantity has been assumed. For example, " dBm" indicates that the

reference quantity is one milliwatt. Noise is always present everywhere but

prohibited to areas that needs to have a peaceful environment such as libraries.

Library is a study place for people especially for students. It is a place

where books, journals, compact discs, microforms, other media, and online

access systems connect searchers to cultural, factual, educational, and

recreational information. This information may be found in the local library or at

other sites in an expanding global network of bibliographic databases. Public

libraries provide access to materials of general interest and are open to

everyone. School libraries support student research and enrich curriculum by

integrating cultural and educational resources into classroom instruction.

Corporate libraries provide businesses with access to current research and

developments in their fields and sustain productivity and competitiveness. In the

mid 1990’s, there were approximately 76,500 school, 15,200 public, 6,000

corporate, 4,600 college and university, and 4,100 law, medical, and religious

libraries in the United States, and Mexico. These range in size from the Library

of Congress to the smallest elementary school library. In addition, there are

libraries serving the media and professions. American libraries currently are

expanding and enriching their services in an economy dominated by converging,

computing, and communication technologies while facing severe cutbacks in

public funding and government support.

3
 A quiet ambiance is essential in the library; it should have a peaceful and

noiseless environment all the time to avoid distractions to library users. But

most of the time, as the people in the library increase; noise is always present

and cannot be easily managed by the library staffs. With this implication, the

groups decided to design a system that can help detect noise in the library with

an alert message provider to let the people become aware whenever they are

making loud noises. The device will monitor the library without further

intervention of the library staffs.

b. Statement of the ProbIem

Generally, the library is a learning place for everyone. In places like this

where people are always present the tendency of having noise cannot be

avoided. When library becomes a noisy environment the main library rule to

observe silence is violated. As the people in library increase, there is a bigger

probability to have uncontrollable noise inside the library. In this case, the

library staffs have a hard time controlling and informing the people that they are

creating intolerable noise that can disturb others.

c. , bjective of the Design

The design aims to create a device that will detect excessive noise inside

the library as well as inform the library users of the rules and regulations that are

strictly implemented.

The following points were considered in order to implement the design

project:

4
 1 . To be able to lessen the library staff’ s task in maintaining a quiet

ambience;

2. To interface noise detector circuit with a microcontrollerFbased

message display; and

3. To design an effective and efficient device for the use of school

libraries.

d. The Significance of the Design.

The design provides the library staff with a means of immediately

controlling the noise level inside the library with any arrangement of the people.

It further provides a means of instructing students to accept responsibility for

maintaining a level of noise in to the library conducive to studying. The message

provider presents a good alternative in posting or displaying the library rules and

regulations.

For the designers being also student is and having the right to use the

library, it is important for them to implement the design to help the library staff

in managing and making the library a better learning place. All the people using

the library will benefit from the design especially when they are annoyed of the

noise and distractions created by unconcerned people.

5
e. ConceptuaI Frame5ork

In order to build the design, Ideas and principles related to the design

were studied and discussed. Figure 1 . 1 shows the conceptualized design of the

system. This conceptual framework illustrates how the system of the design

works starting from its inputs then how it will be processed until it produces an

output.
OUTPUT
- A chime sound from a
wireless alarm after a
noise is detected
-A short message to alert
that silence should be
observed (LED Matrix)

Figure 1.1 Conceptual Frame work

The inputs are the noise and the user settings which are independent

variables that come from the user and the surroundings. The noise is the main

input for the design that needs to be detected. The noise level that the detector

should identify can be varied through a potentiometer. After the noise is

detected, the two microcontrollers will act as the communication medium for the

detector and the output devices. The Z8 6 7 3 3 microcontroller will process the

signal that the detector sends and then pass the alert message made or chosen

by the user to the PIC1 6 F8 7 7 microcontroller for it to output in the 8 x8 LED

Matrix. A chime sound will first occur after the detected noise is processed and

6
then followed by a short alert message. This concept describes how the device

was designed for its environment and its users.

f. ScOpe and DeIimitatiOn

The device covers and delimits the following:

ScOpe

1. The noise level that the detector should detect can be varied

through a potentiometer.

2. LCD display is used to see the saved messages or user input

message. The keypad can be used to input lowercase and

uppercase letters and numbers as well or a combination of different

format of characters.

3. The LED matrix is used for message display.

4. Select button and delete button are provided.

5. A chime sound will occur once a noise is detected and the selected

message will appear.

6. It automatically returns to a monitoring mode with a default

message upon completion of its response mode.

7. The device is a stand alone; it does not need a computer or other

devices to change message and do other things.

8. It will use the principle of noise detector.

7
 DeIimitation

1. The detection of noise may be delayed considering the distance

and the volume of noise from the microphone.

2. The message length can reach up to 35 characters only.

3 . The standby mode has a default message that cannot be changed

by the user.

4. There are only limited numbers of messages to choose from the

design project.

5 . The different messages to choose from are installed in the

microcontroller which is limited to four different rules and

regulations of a library.

6 . User input message should be placed before the noise detector

detects a noise.

7 . The scrolling messages experience delay because it also considers

the blank spaces as a character.

g. Definition of Terms

These are the technical terms which are mentioned in the design

documentation and design as follows:

1. AIarm 7 a device that signals the occurrence of some undesirable

event (Electronics for the Electrician).

8
2. AnaIog 7 implies a continuous signal in contrast with digital, which

breaks everything into numbers ( Instruments and Measurements for

Electronics).

3. AssembIy F translation of computer language; the translation of

assembly language into machine language (IBM PC Assembly

Language).

4. Breadboard – a thin plastic board used to held electronic components

that are wired together (Electronic Devices).

5. DecibeI 7 literally means one tenth of a bel. A unit named after

Alexander Graham Bell. It is not an absolute unit but rather it is

indicated the relation between two powers (Communications

Engineering, Black Book).

6. Detector 7 a device that recovers information of interest contained in

a modulated wave (Electronic Sensors for the Evil Genius).

7. Device – an invention serving a particular purpose, especially a

machine used to perform one or more relatively simple tasks

(Instruments and Measurement for Electronics).

8. EIectret Microphone 7 a type of condenser microphone which

eliminates the need for a power by using permanentlyFcharged material

(Electronic Sensors for the Evil Genius).

9
9. FrequenCy 7 the number of complete cycles per second in alternating

current direction. The standard unit of frequency is the hertz (Hz)

(Electronic Devices).

10. IC 7 or “Integrated Circuit”; a tiny complex of electronic components

contained on a thin chip or wafer of semiconducting material (Digital

Design).

11. Keypad - a set of buttons arranged in a block which usually bear digits

and other symbols but not a complete set of alphabetical letters

(Electronics for Electrician).

12. LED F lightFemitting diode; a semiconductor diode that emits light

when conducting current and is used in electronic equipment,

esp. for displaying readings on digital watches, calculators, etc.

(Electronic Devices).

13. Library - a collection of books, newspapers, records, tapes, or other

materials that are valuable for research (The World Book Dictionary).

14. MiCroControIIer F a single chip that contains the processor,

nonF volatile memory for the program, volatile memory for input and

output, a clock and an I/O control unit (Electronics for Electrician).

15. Noise 7 an unwanted energy, usually of random character, present in

transmission system, due to a variety of causes (Communications Engineering,

Black Book).

10
16. NoiSe LeveI 7 are measured with noise level meters, generally

with a weighting that mirrors human sensitivity to different

frequencies (Communications Engineering, Black Book).

17. ,perationaI AmpIifier 7 special type of amplifier exhibiting very high

gain, very high input impedance, very low output impedance, and good

rejection of common diode signals (Electronic Devices).

1 8. PCB – used as dielectric fluids in transformers and capacitors,

lubricants, and stabilizing additives in flexible PVC coatings of electrical

wiring and electronic components (Electronic Devices).

19. PIC 7 or “Programmable Interface Controller”; a type of microcontroller

that is widely used due to their low cost, serial programming and reF

programming with flash memory capability (Electronics for Electrician).

2 0 . Potentiometer – an electronic component that is used to vary the

amount of current flows through a circuit. (Electronic Devices).

2 1. Prototype - building an actual circuit to a theoretical design to verify

that it works, and to provide a physical platform for debugging it if it

does not (Fundamentals of Electronics, vol.3).

2 2 . SenSor - a device that measures or detects a realFworld condition,

such as motion, heat or light and converts the condition into an analog

or digital representation (Electronics Sensors for the Evil Genius).

23. SignaI 7 to 7 noiSe ratio - the amount of signal, divided by the

amount of noise that is also present (Electronic Devices).

11
24. Sound 7 created when objects vibrate, resulting in a minute variation

in surrounding atmospheric pressure (Communications Engineering,

Black Book).

25. Sound LeveI Meter - measures sound pressure level and are

commonly used in noise pollution studies for the quantification of

almost any noise (Communications Engineering Black Book).

26.TranSducer 7 electronic device that converts energy from one form to

another (Electronic Devices).

27. :iIog 7 a onetime programmable microcontroller which helped to

create the personal computer industry (Electronics for Electrician).

12
 Chapter 2

REVIEw OF RELATED LITERATURE AND RELATED STUDIES

Noise detection: Bandwidth uncertainty and adjustabIe channeIs

Previous work has shown that the detection of bandFpass noise patterns is

well described by an ideal observer, indicating that observers can integrate

spatial frequency information efficiently over a sixFoctave wide band ( Kersten,

1987). One interpretation of this result is that observers use a channel with an

adjustable bandwidth that matches the bandwidth of the signal when detecting

bandFpass noise ( Green, 196 0). To investigate the notion that observers use

adjustable bandwidth channels for spatial frequency, we had observers perform a

noise detection task under two conditions: an uncertainty condition where the

bandwidth of the noise could vary from trial to trial and a blocked condition

where the bandwidth of the signal was held constant during a block. We used

horizontal, oneFdimensional, bandFpass noise patterns that were Gaussian

windowed. The centerFfrequency of the noise was 5 cycles/degree and

bandwidth varied from oneFhalf to four octaves. Seven bandwidths were used

and a detection threshold measured at each bandwidth for both the blocked and

uncertainty conditions. Stimuli were presented for 200ms. At each bandwidth,

three 150 trial thresholds were collected. Noise detection r.m.s. contrast

thresholds increase with the fourthFroot of bandwidth for the ideal observer. For

our blocked condition, we again found that human observers’ noise detection

thresholds increase with the fourthFroot of bandwidth (Kersten, 1987). Under

13
conditions of bandwidth uncertainty, we found that detection thresholds

continued to increase with the fourthFroot of bandwidth. Our results support the

notion that when detecting wideFband noise patterns, observers can adjust the

band of spatial frequencies they use from trial to trial and select the frequency

band efficiently. To explore adjustable channels further, we are investigating the

effects of stimulus duration, centerFfrequency uncertainty and the combination of

centerFfrequency and bandwidth uncertainty on noise detection.

Room Noise Detector

Figure 2 . 1 Shows the circuit of an existing room noise detector Which is

used as the basis of the circuit of the library noise detector. However instead of

using fixed resistors, a variable potentiometer is used for the variation of noise

levels.

Figure 2.1 Circuit diagram of room noise detector.

The 5 0 db setting is provided to monitor the noise in the bedroom at

night. If the LED is steady or flashes bright often, then the bedroom is

inadequate and too noisy for sleep. The 70 dB setting is for living rooms. If this

level is often exceeded during the day, the area is uncomfortable. If the noise

14
level is constantly over 8 5 dB, light 8 hours a day, then the environment is

dangerous.

LM3 5 8 IC Dual Operational Amplifier is used to provide necessary circuit

gain for sounds pickedFup by a miniature electret microphone to drive a LED.

Voltage gain should be measured in order to quantify if the sound entering the

circuit is considered as noise in the circuit. The same IC is used to make the

design of the project possible.

Snore AIarm EIectronic Device

Figure 2.2 Snore Alarm Electronics Device

Figure 2.2 is the picture of the snore alarm electronic device. Breathe is a

repetitive phenomenon. Moments of silence and noise repeat. Detection of

snoring is based on the recognition of the cycle silenceFsnoring. The duration of

each silence is compared to the duration of the previous silence.

1. The duration of each noise is compared to the duration of the previous

noise. The precision of the periodicity of the cycle as well as the number of

15
 successive cycles necessary to trigger the alarm can be configured by the use

of jumpers connected to the input port of a micro controller.

Based on Figure 2.3 the snore alarm electronic device uses two

potentiometers, one to control the sound level of the tweeter and second to

control the final gain of the analog amplifier. When the user wants to increase

the sensitivity, the knob should be turned clockwise and at the middle course, a

long liner airplane at 10000 feet makes enough noise to switch off the LED. On

power up, a timer is reset and starts to count. The device is active only for the

first two hours and after six hours. If the alarm triggers after fourteen hours, it

means that a new night started and the timer is reset. This is to avoid alarms

right in the middle of the night.

This circuit is used to apply potentiometer in the design project.

16
Figure 2.3 Schematic Diagram of Snore Alarm Electronic Device

17
Noise sensor simpIifies automated noise monitoring

Based on this research study, the Cirrus Environmental has launched its

MK:427 noise sensor F a selfFcontained outdoor noise meter that connects

directly to SCADA systems. The sensor allows noise level data to be incorporated

into Process Measurement and Control systems. The data can be stored to

provide a complete record of a plant' s noise activities, and can also be used to

control noisy processes in real time. For example, a pump or fan can be

throttled back when the noise it generates reaches an excessive level at the site

boundary. Unlike a conventional sound level meter, the MK: 4 2 7 convert the

noise level in decibels into standard 4F20mA and linear DC outputs. With the 4F

20mA output, very long cable lengths can be used without reducing the accuracy

of noise measurements. The sensor incorporates a 1.2m microphone pole,

allowing the microphone to be positioned in free space, well away from any

obstructions.

Cirrus said that the pure analogue electronics are reliable and operate

without any user intervention. The sensor hardware is based on a wellF

established Cirrus design that has been proven in harsh weather conditions. To

ensure that the sensitive microphone transducer is always in good condition, it is

fitted with an electrostatic actuator calibrator. This can be used to make regular

fixedFpoint calibrations of the entire measuring chain, thus verifying data

integrity. A preFscaling calibration system allows any 65dB span in the range 20

to 130dB to be selected by the user.

18
 Cirrus Environmental aims to help organizations measure the noise they

make and thereby help manage the impact that noise has on neighbors and the

surrounding environment.

- H, Standard EnvironmentaI Noise

The World Health Organization has published guidelines suggesting the

environmental noise lead:

- here? - hy? dB
School playground (outdoors) Avoid annoyance. 55
Hospital rooms To avoid disturbing sleep. 30
To ensure that speakers can understand
Classrooms 35
one another.
To avoid destructions and annoyance to
Libraries 40
others.
Factories, traffic, shopping areas,
To avoid hearing impairment. 70
both indoors and outdoors

Table 2.1 World Health Organization suggested environmental noise level.

The information outlined in Table 2.1 is used as a basis to the setting of

the noise level that the noise detector should detect.

DecibeI Loudness Chart

These are the measured increase in decibel level that depends on the

change of the volume of sound.

PERC PTI, NS , F INCREASES IN DECIBEL LE; EL

E
1 db Imperceptible change

3 db Barely perceptible change

5 d Clear noticeable change
10 db About twice as loud
20 db About four times as loud

Table 2.2 Perceptions of Increases in Decibel Level

19
 Based on Table 2.2, the allowable additional amount of decibel level

should only limit with the values given in the table to have an acceptable change

of sound level in the sense of hearing.

These data are collected from a variety of sources which can help one to

understand the volume levels of various sources and how they can affect our
EN; IR, NMENTAL N, ISE
hearing.
DECIBEL EXAMPLE OF SOUND SOURCES
0 db Weakest sound heard
35 db Whisper Quiet library
60F70 db Normal conversation
80 db Telephone dial tone
85 db City traffic (inside car)
90 db Train whistle at 500’, truck traffic
95 db Subway train at 200’
90F95 db LEVEL AT WHICH SUSTAINED EXPOSURE MAY RESULT IN HEARING LOSS
107 db Power mower at 3’
100 db Snowmobile, motorcycle
110 db Power saw at 3’
115 db Sandblasting, loud rock concert

Table 2.3 Environmental noise

Table 2 . 3 pertains to different environmental noises and their equivalent

noise level measured in decibel.

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) suggested the

following daily permissible noise level exposure.

20
 Table 2.4 OSHA Daily Permissible Noise Level Exposure

Based on Table 2 . 3 , each person can only be exposed to these certain

values of noise level directly proportional to the number of hours per day in

order to avoid hearing impairment.

In an orchestral music room, each musical instrument has its own sound

level of music. The commonly used musical instruments are listed with their

corresponding sound level in Table 2.5.

The table shows the measurements of sound levels quantify the music

from becoming noise. The sound level may also depend on the kind of music

played by the musicians using these instruments and the volume of the music

created. An excess in the sound level creates noise.

21
 DECIBEL
60 – 70 db
70 db
75 – 85 db
84 – 103 db
82 – 92 db
85 – 111 db
95 – 112 db
92 – 103 db
90 – 106 db
85 – 114 db
90 – 106 db
85 – 114 db
106 db
94 db
120 – 137 db
120 db
150 db

Table 2.5 Sound Levels of Music

These statistics for the Decibel Chart were taken from a study by Marshall

Chasin, M.Sc., Aud©, FAAA, Centre for Human Performance & Health, Ontario,

Canada. There were some conflicting readings and, in many cases, authors did

not specify at what distance the readings were taken or what the musician was

actually playing. In general, when there are several readings, the higher one is

chosen.

22
 Chapter 3

DESIGN METHODOLOGY AND PROCEDURES

Design MethodoIogy

The Library Noise Detector with a Short Message Provider was developed

for implementation in school libraries to be used as an alternative or additional

help in controlling noise and prevent disturbances in a specific area of the library.

The design is a microcontroller F based prototype that can standFalone without

connecting to computer devices.

The design methodology was applied research that is often used to solve

practical problems that relate to this kind of study. This form of research is

necessary to improve this field of technology. The group research is based on

different designs of previous studies in relation to the design project. Additional

information and concepts needed were gathered from books, journals, articles,

and internet for further understanding of the design concepts. With this

information, the group was able to portray the process of the system. This

approach helps the design to obtain a balance to the objectives and expectations

from the actual results of the produced design prototype.

Design Procedures for ActuaI Design

The noise detector application was used as a reference for the design.

The circuit was customized so that the level of sensitivity can be varied. The

logic of the process in making the design was carefully analyzed. The step by

step processes in making the design are as follows:

23
1. The problem was determined and the factors that should be

considered in the design were identified. The objectives of the

design were set and ideas on how the prototype should be

designed were gathered. Adaptation to the environment where the

design will be implemented was also considered for the quality of

the design itself.

2 . Researches on related literature for the design and how to

conceptualize the other related designs were done. Deciding on

the approach and the possible applications that can be coordinated

altogether for the design were one of the tasks was to find the

suitable microcontrollers that can be used and tested using analog

input from a serial data. These researches helped how the design

should be implemented.

3 . The circuit diagram of the noise detector was developed with the

application of operational amplifier and a potentiometer for the

variation of the noise level and the analog output needed by the

microcontroller. The designed circuit was tested in the breadboard

and during testing F the blinking of the LED indicator dictates the

characteristic of the noise detection. Z86733, a Zilog

Microcontroller was used in the process of connecting the Keypad

inputs, displaying it to the LCD and sending the data to the other

microcontroller. Each pin of this microcontroller was manipulated

24
 how it will function and be connected to other devices. It also

stored the program of the process and how the alarm can be

manipulated according to its assigned function in the design. The

Z8 6 7 3 3 Microcontroller is also the communication medium for the

PIC1 6 F7 7 , the microcontroller which connected the noise detector

and the 8x8 LED Matrix.

4 . Program listing was the next process after designing the circuit

diagrams. The program applied the assembly language. A serial

input of data was used to test the program to the design itself.

Each function in the program was separated according to the

objectives of the alert message displayed and the operation of the

other devices connected to the microcontroller. The LCD was the

output device for all the inputs in the keypad. The behavior of

each button in the keypad was also included in the program listing

including each delays and functions on interchanging characters in

the keypad, which is similar to the characteristic of a cellular phone

keypad. Additional buttons were also included in the design for

editing the alert message and for choosing the library rules and

regulations that would be saved inside the microcontroller. The

standFby message was also included in the program while the

device is in the steady state.

25
 5. After being tested, the circuit was transferred into a PCB layout to

avoid loose circuitry as compare to the breadboard. The program

was also burned in the ICs of the microcontrollers for further

testing of the whole design prototype. Testing and experiments

have been made to test if the program works according to its

environment on a near and far range of noise. The testing and

interpretation of data will be further discussed in the next chapter.

Hard5 are Design

The following diagram refers to the hardware design of the system:

1. BIOck Diagram

LCD
2x40 characters

Alarm Microcontroll Keyp

er

PIC16F877
Noise Detector
Microcontroller of 8x8 LED Matrix
the LED

Figure 3.1 System Design Block Diagram

26
 Figure 3 . 1 shows an illustration of the System Block Diagram for the

system design. Initially, the user will set the desired noise level in the noise

detector and an alert message to be displayed after detection. By using the

keypad, the user can input alert messages which are temporarily shown in the

LCD display. When the noise signal is detected and exceeds the noise level set,

the PIC16F877 microcontroller is triggered. After the PIC microcontroller

receives the signal, it will transfer to the Z8673 3 microcontroller and the alarm

will be turned on. The Z86733 will acknowledge the transferred signal and it will

then pass the user input message to PIC16F877 that controls the 8x8 LED Matrix

for message display.

2. Schematic Diagram

The schematic diagram of the design system illustrates how the circuitry

of the design was developed and connected with each other.

Figure 3.2 shows the whole circuit of the Library Noise Detector with Short

Information Provider. This schematic diagram describes the different

components used for the whole design system. This circuit operates as noise

sensor and message provider that are put together as one design system. The

block diagram represents the other circuit connected to the Z86733

microcontroller. For the schematic diagram of the power supply, refer to Figure

3.6.

Figure 3.3 refers to the schematic diagram of the Z86733 microcontroller.

This microcontroller is responsible for handling the data to be displayed in the

27
LCD display and LED matrix. The seven pins of the keypad for the row and

column are connected to the input ports of the Z86733. The input/output ports

of the LCD display are connected to the Z8 6 7 3 3 for displaying the data. The

alarm switch is also connected to P01 of the microcontroller.

Figure 3.4 is the schematic diagram of the 8 x 8 LED Matrix display. The

LED Matrix display is connected to PIC16F877 as driver to display the message.

The PIC is connected to the noise detector and the Z86733 microcontroller.

Once the noise is detected, it will trigger the PIC to display the message.

Figure 3.5 refers to the circuit of the noise detector. The noise detector

uses LM3 5 8 IC which is a dual operation amplifier. The electret microphone is

connected to the input part of the circuit. The circuit has a connection to the

input of the PIC16F877 and connected to Z876733 to trigger the alarm and the

message display once noise is detected.

28
Figure 3.2 Schematic Diagram of the whole Library Noise Detector with Short Information
Provider
29
Figure 3.3 Schematic Diagram with Microcontroller Z86733
3
10.240 MHz

Figure 3.4 Schematic Diagram of Microcontroller PIC16F877 for the 8x8 LED Matrix

31
Figure 3.5 Schematic Diagram of the Noise Detector

32
Figure 3.6 Schematic Diagram for the Power Supply

33
3. List of MateriaIs

The following is the list of materials used in creating the circuit of the

design system:

MateriaIs Quantity MateriaIs Quantity

Z86733 Microcontroller IC 1 pc 03SBA10 bridge rectifier 1 pc

diode

10.240Mhz crystal 1 pc 2200 uf/35v capacitor 1 pc

27 pf np capacitor 2 pcs 0.1 uf capacitor 4 pcs

78L05 1 pc 2n3904 8 pcs

MaleFfemale connector 1 pc Toggle switch 2 pcs

0.1 uf capacitor 1 pc Tact switch 1 pc

Keypad 1 pc 14”x18” Plywood 2 pcs

2x40 LCD 1 pc PCB 1 pc

1k resistor 3 pc 8x8 LED Matrix 2 set

10k resistor 6 pcs Wireless doorbell 1 pc

3 pcs Electret Microphone 1 pc

56k resistor

1 pc 1N4001 2 pcs
33k resistor

2 pcs PIC16f877 1 pc
22k resistor
LM358 Dual Operational 1 pc
Lm7805/Lm7808 2 pc Amplifier

750 mA transformer 1 pc 2200 uf/25v 1 pc

Table 3.1. List of Materials

34
Hard5 are Components

These figures show the actual PCB layouts of the hardware components in

the circuit.

PCB Layouts

Figure 3.7 Noise Detector

Figure 3 . 7 shows the PCB layout of the circuit of noise detector. It is a

double sided etched with single wired PCB design.

35
 Figure 3.8 Z86733 Microcontroller

Figure 3.8 shows the PCB layout for the Z8673 3 Microcontroller. The

layout shows how the other components such as resistors, transistors, and

capacitors should be connected to the pin configuration of the IC.

Figure 3.9 PIC16F877 Microcontroller

Figure 3.9 illustrates the actual PCB layout of the PIC16F877. This layFout

shows the connection on the IC of the PIC microcontroller of the crystal,

capacitor, and voltage regulators as part of the hardware components.

LCD DispIay

The saved and input messages are displayed in the LCD. The data to be

displayed will come from the microcontroller. The LCD will display the options of

the user and the selected alert messages will be displayed in the LED Matrix.

36
Keypad

A keypad that operates like a cellular phone keypad was used for the user

input message.

8 x 8 LED Matrix

Since the design displayed short information, an 8x8 LED Matrix was used

to display information visible to the people inside the library. It is displayed the

selected message of the user once noise was detected. It also displayed the

default message while in standby mode.

EIectret Microphone

The electret microphone serves as a transducer in the circuit. It converts

noise to electrical signal given that the circuit is an electrical circuit. Basically, it

is a cardiod type of microphone which is said to be the most common

unidirectional since all microphones can only absorb when the source is in front.

, perationaI AmpIifier

The operational amplifier has been found to be the best device for the

system design. It is a device that amplifies the signal coming from the

microphone. By getting the voltage gain in this stage, the noise can be

quantified in the circuit. Its unique characteristic helped to make the design

possible.

Soft5 are Design

The microcontroller was used for the design project. It gives control to

the operation of the whole system of the design especially in interfacing the

37
noise detector with the LED Matrix display and also with the other input/ output

devices used in the circuit.

The microcontrollers save the data coming from the user for message

display. It also functions as a medium for transmitting the noise signal coming

from the noise detector. The main routine of the program of the

microcontrollers is to save the user input data and to acknowledge the noise

signal being detected.

Soft5 are Components

The software component part of the design is placed in the

microcontroller which serves as the storage of the received data as well as the

communication medium between the other parts and i/o devices within the

system design. The language of the program in the Z86733 microcontroller is an

Assembly Language which has simpler and shorter syntax of program codes. For

the PIC16F877 microcontroller, the programming language used was C# for the

LED Matrix display. The program codes are separated according to the different

functions that will be performed by the i/o devices in the system design.

Instruction sets used in the program dictates how each ports in the

microcontrollers should be assigned and how each ports should function either as

a receiver or sender of the data inputs and outputs as well.

38
1 . System FIo5chart

START

Initialization of LCD

Input data using the

keypad

Short information to be displayed

N
Continue displaying
the default stand by
Is there a
message

YES

Send serial data to

PIC microcontroller

Output the short

information from the
Z86733

END

Figure 3.10 System Flowchart

39
 Figure 3.10 shows the system flowchart of the design project. The

flowchart specifies how the system decides and sets its condition before it

outputs any results. It indicates the operation of the microcontrollers in

processing the input data of the user and the input data coming from the noise

detector. The flowchart is the overall route of all the inputs until it produces a

certain output.

Prototype DeveIopment

The summary of the whole process of developing the Library Noise

Detector with a Short Message Provider is as follows:

1. Submission and approval of the proposed design project

2. Conducting research on related studies, articles and literature about the

system design.

2.1 Existing circuit of noise sensors as basis.

2.2 The applicable or suitable microcontroller to be used.

2 .3 The standard noise level for the environment of the library

where the design should be implemented.

2.4 The program language to be used for the i/o device.

3. Preparing the list of materials and electronic devices to be used for the

design hardware.

40
4. Designing the circuitry of the noise detector with a variation of noise

level.

5. Testing the circuitry and encoding the program listing for the message

display

6. Modifying and testing the actual finish product of the design in an

environment for demonstration purposes.

41
 Chapter 4

TESTINGD PRESENTATI, ND AND INTERPRETATI, N , F DATA

Since the design of the noise detector was based on an existing room

noise detector as discussed in Chapter 2 of the Review of Related Literature and

Related Studies, the circuit was redesigned by having a potentiometer instead of

fixed values of resistances and several switches for setting the noise level to be

detected. After the device has been constructed, several testing has been made

on the prototype and the operation of each major components of the system. In

testing the operation of the detection process, it is essential to know if the

program responds with the electronic devices. Hence, checking was made by

data validity and setting of the noise level of the noise detector.

Testing of the , peration of Noise Detector

In conducting the test, the circuit of the noise detector and the source of

sound are needed. The initial testing made was checking if the existing room

noise detector with a fixed noise level will work after replacing it with a

potentiometer with variable resistances. The noise detector circuit was formed

and temporarily tested in a bread board with a LED indicator for the noise

detection. After the circuit was formed, it was placed in a slightly noisy

environment. In this testing the exact noise level was not yet exactly measured.

KNOB POSITION OF STATUS OF THE LED CONDITION

THE POTENTIOMETER
Approx. 50 dB Lights on and continuously blinking Very good
Approx. 65 dB Lights on and blinking Good
Approx. 85 dB Lights on Slight delay of detection
Table 4.1 Testing of the Operation of the Noise Detector

42
 The result of this test showed the behavior of the noise detector as it

detected noise or different sources of sounds from its environment. Since the

noise level did not measure the threshold value of the resistance set for 50 db to

8 5 db, noise level the position of the knob showed how the noise level varied.

The KNOB POSITION OF THE POTENTIOMETER became the comparative

medium in determining the validity of the data in noise detection. Moreover, the

STATUS OF THE LED can be determined when the LED lighted on as the noise

detector detected noise. The CONDITION results indicated that the tests simply

show that the noise detector is in good condition and that it can determine the

validity of an input noise.

Quantifying the Noise in the Circuit

In order to quantify the considerable noise in the library based on the

circuit of the noise detector, another test was made which showed how the noise

level was set and how much voltage was needed to reach a certain noise level.

To conduct the test, a digital multimeter and the noise detector circuit were

used. The reference AC voltage as well as the variable resistances in the

potentiometer was measured. The noise level depended on the voltage gain of

the operational amplifier.

VOLTAGE RESISTANCE DECIBEL CONDITION

9.49 V 50 S 50 db Noise detected

30 V 12.5 K S 60 db Noise detected
94.87 V 25 K S 70 db Noise detected
533.48 V 51.4 K S 80 db Noise detected

Table 4.2 How the noise is quantified in the circuit

43
 Based on Table 4 . 2 , the resistances in potentiometer are set and the

output voltage is measured. The reference is a quiet environment in the library

having a 0 . 0 3 AC voltage. The table shows the values of the output voltages

that should be produced by the circuit in order to obtain the set noise level and

trigger the message display. In order to compute the equivalent decibel value,

the gain was computed based on the formula of db = 20 log (Vout / Vin). When

the input noise reaches these certain amount of voltages, it is considered noise

in the circuit. The standard noise levels can be found based on Chapter 2 on

Review of Related Literature and Related Studies. The results of this test help

the user to understand how the noise is quantified by the noise detector

considering different kinds of sources from the environment.

Testing of Noise Detection 5 ith Different Source of Sound

To perform the test, the noise detector circuit and any sound source were

needed. After learning how the noise level was set and varied from the results

of its detection, another testing was done in a 7.4’ x 6.3’ x 8.1’ room to show

and test how the noise detector detects different sources of noise that are

usually found in a library. In the test conducted, specific sound sources

commonly heard in a school library were used. The Noise Detector was set to 50

db, 65 db, 85 db to detect noise based on the LED indicator and if the

PIC1 6 F8 7 7 was triggered to display an alert message. The status results are

most likely expected to have similar results based on the earlier test done by the

noise detector.

44
 At 5 ) db noise IeveI
SOURCE OF
TEST STATUS OF THE LED REMARKS
SOUND
1 Blinking with high intensity of LED Message displayed
Whistle
2 Clapping Continuous blinking of LED Message displayed

3 Normal Blinking with high intensity of LED Message displayed

Conversation
Blowing of horns
4 Blinking with Low intensity of LED Message displayed
(outside the room)
5 Music Steady with High intensity of LED Message displayed
6 Scream Steady with High intensity of LED Message displayed
At 65 db noise IeveI
SOURCE OF
TEST STATUS OF THE LED REMARKS
SOUND
No message
1 Whistle Blinking with low intensity
displayed
2 Clapping Continuous blinking with low intensity Message displayed
of LED
Normal
3 Blinking with low intensity of LED Message displayed
Conversation
Blowing of horns No message
4 No detection
(outside the room) displayed
No message
5 Music Steady with low intensity of light
displayed
No message
6 Scream Steady with low intensity of LED
displayed
At 85 db noise IeveI
SOURCE OF
TEST STATUS OF THE LED REMARKS
SOUND
No message
1 Whistle Low detection, low intensity of LED
displayed
No message
2 Clapping No detection displayed
Normal No message
3 No detection
Conversation displayed
Blowing of horns No message
4 No detection
(outside the room) displayed
Steady light and dependent on the volume
5 Music Message displayed
of sound.
6 Scream Blinking with low intensity of LED Message displayed
Table 4.3 Noise Detection with Different Sound Sources

Table 4 . 3 shows the different results in testing the library noise detector

with different sources of sound. Based on the results, the noise detector can

45
easily detect constant noise and high pitch sounds. The detection varies with the

kind of sound produced and its distance to the noise detector. The sensitivity of

the sensor depends on the noise level set on the noise detector. If the noise

level is low, the detector can easily detect noise and if the noise level is high,

longer time is needed to detect noise. The intensity of light of the LED indicates

how much noise is detected. When the intensity of light of the LED is high it

means that the noise has reached the sound level set on the noise detector. If

the LED blinks the noise is detected and it can either produce an alarm or not. If

it does not produce an alarm but the LED is blinking, it means that the noise

detector can still detect but the noise does not reach the sound level set on the

noise detector. On the remarks, messages saved from the Z86733

microcontroller are transferred to the PIC16F877 for message display in the 8x8

LED Matrix. These messages are only displayed if the noise detector has enough

voltage gain to trigger the microcontroller.

Sudden loud noise that occurred during testing such as sneezing,

whistling, and banging of the door was easily detected.

Testing of Noise Detection 5 ith ; arying Distances

The following materials were used to conduct the test: sound level meter,

pushFpull rule, and the noise detector circuit.

The noise detector was set to approximately 5 0 db noise level and in a

testing room that measured 31’ x 23.5’ x 18.95’ . The setting was only at the

minimum noise level of 50 db because according to the researches, 40 db is the

46
considerable noise level in a library environment. Since the device was placed on

each table inside the library, the distance of the source of sound is 0.25m, 0.5m,

and 1 m measured by the pushFpull rule from the noise detector. This testing

aimed to prove that the noise detector can detect different sound sources even if

the source
Sourcewas almost one meter away from the noise Remarks
Distance detector. The sound level

meter Trial
was 1used to measure the amount of noise in terms
0.25 m of detected
Noise decibel.with message
Trial 2 0.50 m display
Trial 3 1m Noise detected but with no
message display
Trial 1 0.25 m Noise detected but with no
Trial 2 0.50 message display
Trial 3
1m Noise detected with message
Trial 1 display
Trial 2 0.25 m Noise detected but with no
Trial 3 0.50 m message display
1m Noise detected but with no
message display

Noise detected with message

display
Noise detected with message
display
Noise detected but with no
message display

Table 4.4 Testing Operation with Sound Level Meter

Based on the results in Table 4 . 4 the measured values have discrepancy

due to the consistency of the sound sources that the sound level meter detects.

The noise level of the sound varies with its distance to the sound level meter.

When the source is near the sound level meter, the decibel value is higher and

as it gets farther, the decibel value decreases. For this reason, the detection of

47
the noise detector also depends on the distance of the sound source. As the

sound level meter measures the noise level, the noise detector also detects the

noise at the same time. It shows that the noise level set in the potentiometer is

only approximately 5 0 db since lower than 5 0 db is still detected by the noise

detector. The remarks prove the design project set the validity of the input

noise. It only triggers the PIC16F877 to send alert messages to be displayed in

the 8 x8 LED Matrix if it reaches the set noise level of 5 0 db. Even though

detection of noise is in the process in the noise detector, the warning is only

made if the source of noise will reach or exceed 50 db which proves the

efficiency and quality of the noise detector and the microcontrollers for the

message display as the design projects works altogether.

48
 Chapter 5

C, NCLUSI, N AND REC, MMENDATI, N

ConcIusion

The design project was able to detect excessive noise and provide a short

message to remind the library users not to make excessive noise. This feature of

the design is an aid to avoid having too much noise created by the people inside

the library.

The library staff takes care of borrowed and returned books as well as

maintaining order in the library. The device will inform the library users through

the detector’ s alarm and alert messages displayed on a LED matrix panel after

detection of excessive noise; thus lessening the library staff’s task of maintaining

a quiet ambience.

Based on the research conducted, a noise detector was designed that can

vary the noise level, and through microcontrollers, a message display device was

used to add functions to the whole design system. The Library Noise Detector

with Message Provider was put into operation by interfacing a noise detector’ s

circuit into a microcontroller based 8x8 LED Matrix.

Most of the time, students go to the library just to hangout, chat with

friends or use for their benefit of the facilities without realizing the disturbances

they create. This design project will be very much effective in maintaining order

in school libraries because it will make the students become aware of the proper

manner inside the library.

49
Recommendation

A further enhancement on the design of the Library Noise Detector with

Short Message Provider is recommended in terms of its capacity for detection of

other kinds of noise sources and its message provider. Making the design not

just portable but also wireless would be a great improvement of the design itself.

A Wireless FM Transmitter and Receiver can be used in order to transmit the

input signals from the microphone to the system design. This device is also used

to create a wireless connection from the noise detector to the message display

device. This is implemented to provide convenience and allows the library staff

or roaming security guard to control the device at a distance of 1 0 meters

maximum. For practicality means it is much better to have only one set of the

Library Noise Detector provided that it can detect noise in a larger area and alert

messages are displayed in larger panel of LED Matrix.

The design system can also be applied in classrooms, offices and in any

environment where silence needs to be observed. More improvement can be

applied in the packaging of the whole system design, to have a more

sophisticated look in putting altogether all the parts or input/ output devices of

the design prototype.

50
 BIBLI, GRAPHY

Bogart T., Linear Electronics (1993); Rutkowski, G., Operational Amplifiers,

nd
Detection of Signals in Noise.2 Edition (March 1993); Robert McDonough, Noise

Level

Fay, Thomas H., ed., Noise and Health (1991); Morrison, Ralph, Noise and Other

Integrated and Hybrid Circuits (1993); Stanley, W., Operational Amplifiers with

Linear Integrated Circuits, 3d ed., (1993)

Interfering Signals (1991); Tempest, W., ed., The Noise Handbook(1985).

Kingfisher Science Encyclopedia. Noise. Vol.7 p.491

Taylor, C.P., Bennett, P.J., & Sekuler, A.B. (2003), Noise detection: bandwidth

uncertainty and adjustable channels [Abstract]. Journal ofVision, 3(9): 9a.

World Book Dictionary, Volume 1 (AFK) and Volume 2 (LFZ) © 1976, By Field

Enterprises Educational Corporation All rights reserved.

Birgitta Berglund, Thomas Lindvall and Dietrich H. Schwein, editors. Guidelines

for Community Noise. World Health Organization, 1999.

th
Floyd, Thomas L. Electronic Devices, 5 Edition, p.842 – p.867

rd
Mano, Morris,. Digital Design, 3 edition

Herrick, Clyde N., Instruments and Measurement for Electronics, p.17 – p.19

Petruzzelis, Tom, Electronic Sensors for the Evil Genius, p.3 – p.15

Owen, George E., Keaton, P.W., Fundamentals of Electronics, Vol.3

Braga, Newton C., Electronics for the Electrician

51
APPENDI? A
MateriaI Listings and Price Lists

52
List of MateriaIs

MATERIALS QUANTITY PRICE T, TAL

Z86733 P200.75 P200.75

1 pc
Microcontroller IC

10.240Mhz crystal 1 pc P35.00 P35.00

27 pf np capacitor 2 pcs P2.50 P5.00

78L05 1 pc P18.00 P18.00

MaleFfemale
1 pc P25.00 P25.00
connector

0.1 uf capacitor 1 pc P2.50 P2.50

Keypad 1 pc P113.00 P113.00

2x40 LCD 1 pc P700.00 P700.00

1k resistor 3 pc P1.00 P3.00

10k resistor 6 pcs P1.00 P4.00

56k resistor 3 pcs P1.00 P3.00

33k resistor 1 pc P1.00 P1.00

22k resistor 2 pcs P1.00 P2.00

Lm7805/Lm7808 2 pc P24.00 P48.00

750 mA transformer 1 pc P187.00 P187.00

2200 uf/25v 1 pc P8.00 P8.00

53
 Toggle switch 2 pcs P10.00 P20.00

Tact switch 1 pc P 18.00 P 18.00

14”x18” Plywood 2 pcs P75.00 P150.00

PCB 1 pc P160.00 P160.00

1N4001 2 pcs P2.00 P4.00

PIC16f877 1 pc P225.00 P225.00

03SBA10 bridge
1 pc P35.00 P35.00
rectifier diode

0.1 uf capacitor 4 pcs P2.50 P10.00

2n3904 8 pcs P5.00 P40.00

2200 uf/35v 1 pc P12.00 P12.00

capacitor

Wireless doorbell 1 pc P499.95 P499.95

Electret Microphone 1 pc P 150.00 P150.00

TotaI P 4,952.20

54
APPENDI? B
Data sheets

55
56
ZILOG Z86733 MICROCONTROLLER

57
58
59
APPENDI? C
Program Listing

60
 Program Listing in the : 86733 for Keypad and LCD

data_set1 .equ 20h ;lcd

data_set2 .equ 21h
data_ out . equ 2 2 h
positio n . equ 2 3 h
milli . equ 2 4 h ; 3 sec delay
press_ no .equ 25h ; keypad
counter .equ 26h
letra .equ 27h
variable1 . equ 2 8 h
variable2 .equ r10
value .equ r11
ctr .equ r12
b itrate .equ r13
com_ flag .equ r14
shift_ bit .equ r15
second s . equ 6 ch
indicator . equ 6 dh

.org 00h
.word 0ffffh
;p33 .word 0ffffh
;p32 .word 0ffffh
;p31 .word 0ffffh
;p30 .word
baudrate .wo
rd timer_int
di ; disable interrupt
srp # 1 0 h ; set register pointer to # 1 0 h
ld spl, # 8 0 h ; initialized stack pointer at 8 0 h
ld p0 1 m, # 0 4 h ; set port0 ( p0 ) as output
ld p2 m, # 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 b ; set port2 ( p2 ) as output
ld p3m,#01h ; set port2 as digit and push- pull mode

clr irq
clr ipr
ld t1 , # 3 bh
ld pre1 , # 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 b
ld pre0 , # 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1b ; 1 0 4 micro secs.
ld t0,#15 ; note set crystal oscillator 1 1 . 1 5 0 mhz; 1 5 use
1 0 . 2 4 mhz
ld imr, # 3 0 h
ei ; enable interrupt

61
call erase_ ram
ld r4,#29h
ld 28h,#0ffh
clr p3
clr p0
call delay2
call lcd_ init

restart:
ld r6,#>tittle
ld r7,#<tittle
call line1
ld r6,#>school
ld r7,#<school
call line2
call delay2
call line2
ld position,#0c3h ; starting position of char display in the lcd
ld r6,#>clear
ld r7,#<clear
call line1
ld r6,#>clear
ld r7,#<clear
call line2
jr input

loop_ restart:
tm p3,#01h
jr z, loop_ restart
ld r6,#>clear
ld r7,#<clear
call line2
call delay

input:
ld r6,#>lower
ld r7,#<lower
call line1
call delay
call keypad
input_ a:
cp press_no,#02h
jp eq, keyabc
cp press_no,#03h
jp eq, keydef
cp press_no,#04h

62
 jp eq,keyghi
cp press_no,#05h
jp eq,keyjkl
cp press_no,#06h
jp eq,keymno
cp press_no,#07h
jp eq,keyprs
cp press_no,#08h
jp eq,keytuv
cp press_no,#09h
jp eq,keywxy
cp press_no,#00h
jp eq,keyzero
cp press_no,#0f3h
jr eq,upper_input
jr input

upper_ input:
ld r6,#>upper
ld r7,#<upper
call line1
call delay
call keypad
upper_ a:
cp press_no,#02h
jp eq,keyABC
cp press_no,#03h
jp eq,keyDEF
cp press_no,#04h
jp eq,keyGHI
cp press_no,#05h
jp eq,keyJKL
cp press_no,#06h
jp eq,keyMNO
cp press_no,#07h
jp eq,keyPRS
cp press_no,#08h
jp eq,keyTUV
cp press_no,#09h
jp eq,keyWXY
cp press_no,#00h
jp eq,keyZERO
cp press_no,#0f3h
jp eq,numlock
jr upper_input

63
numlock:
ld r6 , # > number
ld r7 , # < number
call line1
call delay
or tmr, # 0 ch
numlock_ a:
call keypad
cp press_no,#01h
jr eq,key1
cp press_no,#02h
jp eq,key2
cp press_no,#03h
jp eq,key3
cp press_no,#04h
jp eq,key4
cp press_no,#05h
jp eq,key5
cp press_no,#06h
jp eq,key6
cp press_no,#07h
jp eq,key7
cp press_no,#08h
jp eq,key8
cp press_no,#09h
jp eq,key9
cp press_no,#00h
jp eq,key0
cp press_no,#0f3h
jp eq,input
jr numlock_a

readytosend:
ld r1,#29h
ld r0,#'A'
call tx_ data
ld r0,#'T'
call tx_ data
ld r0,#'+'
call tx_ data
send_ msg:
ld r0,@r1 ;transfer the content data of address to working reg
call tx_ data r0 ;pulse enable
inc r1
cp r1,#6ah

64
 jr eq, return1 ;inc address to fetch next character from ascii
jr send_ msg
return1 :
ld r0,#0h
call tx_ data
ld p0,#06h ; this is for the alarm on state
call delay2
ld p0,#0h ; alarm off state
hang:

tm p2,#20h
jr nz, readytosendb
jr hang
readytosendb:
tm p2,#20h
jr nz, readytosendb
jr readytosend
;========= numlock text =========

key1:
ld letra,#02h
ld variable1,#'1'
ld variable2,#02h
call showtxt
jp numlock_a
key2 :
ld letra,#02h
ld variable1,#'2'
ld variable2,#02h
call showtxt
jp numlock_a
key3 :
ld letra,#02h
ld variable1,#'3'
ld variable2,#02h
call showtxt
jp numlock_a
key4 :
ld letra,#02h
ld variable1,#'4'
ld variable2,#02h
call showtxt
jp numlock_a
key5 :
ld letra,#02h

65
 ld variable1,#'5'
ld variable2,#02h
call showtxt
jp numlock_ a
key6 :
ld letra,#02h
ld variable1,#'6'
ld variable2,#02h
call showtxt
jp numlock_ a
key7 :
ld letra,#02h
ld variable1,#'7'
ld variable2,#02h
call showtxt
jp numlock_ a
key8 :
ld letra,#02h
ld variable1,#'8'
ld variable2,#02h
call showtxt
jp numlock_ a
key9 :
ld letra,#02h
ld variable1,#'9'
ld variable2,#02h
call showtxt
jp numlock_ a
key0 :
ld letra,#02h
ld variable1,#'0'
ld variable2,#02h
call showtxt
jp numlock_ a

;=========== keytext =============

keyabc:
ld letra,#04h
ld variable1,#'a'
ld variable2,#02h
call showtxt
jp input_ a
keydef:
ld letra,#04h
ld variable1,#'d'

66
 ld variable2,#03h
call showtxt
jp input_ a
keyghi:
ld letra,#04h
ld variable1,#'g'
ld variable2,#04h
call showtxt
jp input_ a
keyjkl:
ld letra,#04h
ld variable1,#'j'
ld variable2,#05h
call showtxt
jp input_ a
keymno:
ld letra,#04h
ld variable1,#'m'
ld variable2,#06h
call showtxt
jp input_ a
keyprs:
ld letra,#05h
ld variable1,#'p'
ld variable2,#07h
call showtxt
jp input_ a
keytuv:
ld letra,#04h
ld variable1,#'t'
ld variable2,#08h
call showtxt
jp input_ a
keywxy:
ld letra,#05h
ld variable1,#'w'
ld variable2,#09h
call showtxt
jp input_ a
keyzero:
ld letra,#02h
ld variable1,#20h
ld variable2,#00h
call showtxt
jp input_ a
keyautospace:

67
 ld letra,#02h
ld variable1,#20h
ld variable2,#0ffh
call showtxt
jp input_a

keyABC:
ld letra,#04h
ld variable1,#'A'
ld variable2,#02h
call showtxt
jp upper_ a
keyDEF:
ld letra,#04h
ld variable1,#'D'
ld variable2,#03h
call showtxt
jp upper_ a
keyGHI:
ld letra,#04h
ld variable1,#'G'
ld variable2,#04h
call showtxt
jp upper_ a
keyJKL:
ld letra,#04h
ld variable1,#'J'
ld variable2,#05h
call showtxt
jp upper_ a
keyMNO:
ld letra,#04h
ld variable1,#'M'
ld variable2,#06h
call showtxt
jp upper_ a
keyPRS:
ld letra,#05h
ld variable1,#'P'
ld variable2,#07h
call showtxt
jp upper_ a
keyTUV:
ld letra,#04h
ld variable1,#'T'
ld variable2,#08h

68
 call showtxt
jp upper_ a
keyWXY:
ld letra,#05h
ld variable1,#'W'
ld variable2,#09h
call showtxt
jp upper_ a
keyZERO:
ld letra,#02h
ld variable1,#20h
ld variable2,#00h
call showtxt
jp upper_ a
keyAUTOSPACE:
ld letra,#02h
ld variable1,#20h
ld variable2,# 0ffh
call showtxt
jp upper_ a

;====== keypad routine========

keypa
clr seconds
keypad_a:
jp delete_button
loop_keypa
cp seconds,#18 ; timer for auto
jp uge, keypad_ out
and p0,#00000000b
or p0,#01110000b
tm p3,#02h
jr nz, two
call delayk
ld press_no,#01h
ret
two:
tm p3,#04h
jr nz, three
call delayk
ld press_no,#02h
ret
three:
tm p3,#08h
jr nz, four
call delayk

69
 ld press_no,#03h
ret
four:
call wait_ 1
and p0,#00000000b
or p0,#10110000b
tm p3,#02h
jr nz, five
call delayk
ld press_no,#04h
ret
five:
tm p3,#04h
jr nz, six
call delayk
ld press_no,#05h
ret
six:
tm p3,#08h
jr nz, seven
call delayk
ld press_no,#06h
ret
seven:
call wait_ 1
and p0,#00000000b
or p0,#11010000b
tm p3,#02h
jr nz, eight
call delayk
ld press_no,#07h
ret
eight:
tm p3,#04h
jr nz, nine
call delayk
ld press_no,#08h
ret
nine:
tm p3,#08h
jr nz, ask
call delayk
ld press_no,#09h
ret
ask:
call wait_ 1

70
 and p0,#00000000b
or p0,#11100000b
tm p3,#02h
jr nz, zero
call delayk
ld press_no,#'*'
sub press_no,#30h
ret
zero:
tm p3,#04h
jr nz, sharp
call delayk
ld press_no,#0h
ret
sharp:
tm p3,#08h
jp nz, keypad_ a
call delayk
ld press_no,#'#'
sub press_no,#30h
ret
keypad_ out:
ld press_ no, # 0 ffh
ret
delete_ button:
tm p2,#10h
jr z, erase_ char
tm p2,#20h
jp nz, readytosend
tm p3,#01h
jp z, message_ one
jp loop_ keypad
erase_ char:
clr seconds
looperase_ char:
cp seconds,#20
jr ule, looperase_ char
cp position,#0c3h
jr eq, exit_ erase
dec position
dec r4
loop_ erase:
cp seconds, # 3 0 ; timer for erasing all char
jr uge, erase_ lahat
tm p2,#10h
jr z, loop_ erase

71
 ld data_out,#20h
call dis_ char
ld press_ no, # 0 edh ; flag for erasing a char
ret
exit_ erase:
ld position, # 0 c3 h
ret
erase_ lahat:
ld r0,#00
ld r1,#29h
clean:
ld @r1,r0
inc r1
cp r1,#069h
jr ne, clean
ld position,#0c3h
ld r4,#29h
ld r6,#>clear
ld r7,#<clear
call line2
ret

;=================================
showtxt:
or tmr, # 0 ch
clr counter
ld value, variable1
showtxt1 :
call lcddisplay
inc counter
cp counter, letra
jr uge, showtxt
call keypad
cp press_no,#0edh
jr eq, exittext
cp press_no,#0d0h
jr eq, exittext
cp press_ no, variable2
jr ne, outshowtx
inc value
clr seconds
jr showtxt1
outshowtx:
cp position,#0e5h
jr eq, stoptxt
cp press_no,#0ffh

72
 jr eq, autospace
cp indicator, # 0 ffh ; autospace flag
jr eq, stoptxt
inc position
inc r4
exittext:
ret
stoptxt:
clr indicator
ret
autospace:
inc position
inc r4
ld indicator, # 0 ffh ; the autospace happens
ret
lcddisplay:
ld @r4,value
ld data_ out, value
call dis_ char
ret

;========== transmit routine=========

tx_data:
rcf
or p0,#01h
clr ctr
clr bitrate
and com_ flag, # 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 b ; clr rx_ flag
or tmr, # 0 3 h
idle: or p0,#01h ;idle
cp bitrate,#1
jr ne, idle
rl r0
rl r0
start_ bit:
and p0,#0feh ;start
cp bitrate,#2
jr ne, start_ bit
or p0,shift_bit ;8 bit data
clr ctr
rcf
ld shift_ bit, r0
and shift_ bit, # 0 1 h
loop_ upto8 :
or p0,shift_bit ; data
cp ctr,#8

73
 jr ult, loop_ upto8
and tmr,#0fch
or p0,#01h
ret
baudrate:
rr r0
ld shift_bit,r0
and shift_bit,#01h
and p0,#0feh
inc ctr
inc bitrate
iret

;========== LCD routine============

display:
add data_ out, # 3 0 h
dis_ char:
ld data_ set1 , position
call pulse
ld r8,data_out
call pulse1
ret
display_ back:
add data_ out, # 3 0 h
dis_ char1 :
ld data_ set1 , position
call pulse
ld r8,data_out
call pulse1
dec position
ret

line1 :
ld data_ set1 , #8 0 h ;set first address of first
call pulse ;pulse register
call display_ msg ;go to fetching of data from ascii
ret setting ;return
line2 :
ld data_ set1 , # 0 c0 h
call pulse
call display_ msg
ret
display_ msg:
ldc r8,@RR6 ;transfer the content data of address to working reg r8
cp r8,#24h

74
 jp eq, return
call pulse1 ; pulse enable
incw RR6 ; inc address to fetch next character from ascii
djnz r9 , display_ msg ; dec working reg. r9 and check if 0 , end of line
return:
ld r9 , # 4 0 ; reset the character counter
clr r8
ret
lcd_ init:
ld data_set1,#02h ;set data length for 8 bits/5x7
call pulse dots/2line ;pulse enable pin
ld data_set1,#28h
call pulse
ld data_set1,#28h
call pulse
ld data_set1,#28h ;entry mode:inc address ,no
call pulse ;pulse enable
ld data_set1,#0ch pin ;set dd
call pulse ram ;puls
ld data_set1,#06h e enable pin
call pulse ;set dd ram
ld data_set1,#01h ;pulse enable
call pulse pin ;set dd
ld data_set1,#02h ram ;puls
call pulse e enable pin
ld data_set1,#40h ;set dd ram
call pulse ;pulse enable
ld data_set1,#80h pin ;set dd
call pulse ram ;puls
call delay
ld r9,#40
ret ;return end of
pulse:
call split_data
and p2,#0f0h
or p2,data_set1
or p2,#80h ;#20h;set enable pin to high
and p2,#7fh state ;#0dfh ;set it low
and p2,#0f0h
or p2,data_set2
or p2,#80h ;#20h;set enable pin to high
and p2,#7fh ;#0dfh
and p2,#0f0h
call wait_ 1 ;wait
ret awhile ;re
pulse1 :

75
 ld data_set1,r8
call split_ data
and p2,#0f0h
or p2 , data_ set1 ; load data to port 2
and p2,#03fh ;#0cfh
or p2,#40h ;#10h;set register select high
nop
nop
nop
or p2,#80h ;#20 h;set enable and register select pin high
and p2,#07fh ;#0dfh
call wait_ 1
and p2 , # 0 f0 h
or p2 , data_ set2 ; load data to port 2
and p2,#03fh ;#0cfh
or p2,#40h ;#10h;set register select high
nop
nop
nop
or p2,#80h ;#20 h;set enable and register select pin high
and p2,#07fh ;#0dfh
nop
nop
nop
and p2,#03fh ;#0cfh
call wait_ 1 ;clear both pin
ret
split_ data:
ld data_set2,data_set1
swap data_set1
and data_set1,#0fh
and data_set2,#0fh
ret
erase_ ram:
ld r0,#00
ld r1,#12h
clean2 :
ld @r1,r0
inc r1
cp r1,#07fh
jr ne, clean2
ld r1,#31h
ret

;========== timer interrupt routine ===========

timer_int:

76
 inc milli
cp milli,#100
jr uge, segundo
iret
segundo:
clr milli
inc seconds
iret

;======== delay routine =========

wait_1:
ld r3 , # 1 fh
busy:
djnz r3 , busy
ret
delay:
ld r3 , # 0 1 fh
loop1 :
ld r2 , # 0 ffh
loop2 :
djnz r2 , loop2
djnz r3 , loop1
ret
delay2 :
ld r0,#100
del:
call delay
dec r0
cp r0,#0
jr ne, del
ret
delayk:
ld r6,p3
rr r6
and r6,#07h
cp r6,#07h
jr ne, delayk
clr p3
call delay
ret

;========== default display for matrix =============

message_ one:
tm p3,#01h
jr z, message_ one
call erase_ lahat

77
; observe_ silence:
ld r6,#>message1
ld r7,#<message1
call line1
ld r6,#>observe
ld r7,#<observe
call line2
ld 29h,#'O'
ld 2ah,#'b'
ld 2bh,#'s'
ld 2ch,#'e'
ld 2dh,#'r'
ld 2eh,#'v'
ld 2fh,#'e'
ld 30h,#' '
ld 31h,#'s'
ld 32h,#'i'
ld 33h,#'l'
ld 34h,#'e'
ld 35h,#'n'
ld 36h,#'c'
ld 37h,#'e'
loop_ msg1 :
tm p2 , # 2 0 h
jr nz, readytosendmsg1
tm p3,#01h
jr z, message_ two
jr loop_ msg1
readytosendmsg1 :
tm p2 , # 2 0 h
jr nz, readytosendmsg1
call send_ savemessage
jr loop_ msg1

message_ two:
tm p3,#01h
jr z,message_two
call erase_lahat
ld r6,#>message2
ld r7,#<message2
call line1
ld r6,#>do_not
ld r7,#<do_not
call line2
ld 29h,#' '
ld 2ah,#'D'

78
 ld 2bh,#'o'
ld 2ch,#' '
ld 2dh,#'n'
ld 2eh,#'o'
ld 2fh,#'t'
ld 30h,#' '
ld 31h,#'l'
ld 32h,#'e'
ld 33h,#'a'
ld 34h,#'v'
ld 35h,#'e'
ld 36h,#' '
ld 37h,#'t'
ld 38h,#'h'
ld 39h,#'i'
ld 3ah,#'n'
ld 3bh,#'g'
ld 3ch,#'s'
ld 3dh,#' '
ld 3eh,#'u'
ld 3fh,#'n'
ld 40h,#'a'
ld 41h,#'t'
ld 42h,#'t'
ld 43h,#'e'
ld 44h,#'n'
ld 45h,#'d'
ld 46h,#'e'
ld 47h,#'d'
loop_ msg2 :
tm p2 , # 2 0 h
jr nz, readytosendmsg2
tm p3,#01h
jr z, message_ three
jr loop_ msg2
readytosendmsg2 :
tm p2 , # 2 0 h
jr nz, readytosendmsg2
call send_ savemessage
jr loop_ msg2

message_ three:
tm p3 , # 0 1 h
jr z, message_ three
call erase_ lahat
ld r6,#>message3

79
 ld r7,#<message3
call line1
ld r6,#>sleeping
ld r7,#<sleeping
call line2
; sleeping:
ld 29h,#' '
ld 2ah,#'s'
ld 2bh,#'l'
ld 2ch,#'e'
ld 2dh,#'e'
ld 2eh,#'p'
ld 2fh,#'i'
ld 30h,#'n'
ld 31h,#'g'
ld 32h,#' '
ld 33h,#'a'
ld 34h,#'n'
ld 35h,#'d'
ld 36h,#' '
ld 37h,#'e'
ld 38h,#'a'
ld 39h,#'t'
ld 3ah,#'i'
ld 3bh,#'n'
ld 3ch,#'g'
ld 3dh,#' '
ld 3eh,#'a'
ld 3fh,#'r'
ld 40h,#'e'
ld 41h,#' '
ld 42h,#'n'
ld 43h,#'o'
ld 44h,#'t'
ld 45h,#' '
ld 46h,#'a'
ld 47h,#'l'
ld 46h,#'l'
ld 47h,#'o'
ld 46h,#'w'
ld 47h,#'e'
ld 46h,#'d'
loop_ msg3 :
tm p2 , # 2 0 h
jr nz, readytosendmsg3
tm p3,#01h

80
 jp z, loop_ restart
jr loop_ msg3
readytosendmsg3 :
tm p2 , # 2 0 h
jr nz, readytosendmsg3
call send_ savemessage
jr loop_ msg3

message_ four:
tm p3 , # 0 1 h
jr z, message_ three
call erase_ lahat
ld r6,#>message4
ld r7,#<message4
call line1
ld r6,#>cellphone
ld r7,#<cellphone
call line2
; cellphone:
ld 29h,#' '
ld 2ah,#'c'
ld 2bh,#'e'
ld 2ch,#'l'
ld 2dh,#'l'
ld 2eh,#'p'
ld 2fh,#'h'
ld 30h,#'o'
ld 31h,#'n'
ld 32h,#'e'
ld 33h,#' '
ld 34h,#'a'
ld 35h,#'r'
ld 36h,#'e'
ld 37h,#' '
ld 38h,#'n'
ld 39h,#'o'
ld 3ah,#'t'
ld 3bh,#' '
ld 3ch,#'a'
ld 3dh,#'l'
ld 3eh,#'l'
ld 3fh,#'o'
ld 40h,#'w'
ld 41h,#'e'
ld 42h,#'d'

81
loop_ msg4 :
tm p2 , # 2 0 h
jr nz, readytosendmsg4
tm p3,#01h
jp z, loop_ restart
call erase_ lahat
jr loop_ msg4
readytosendmsg4 :
tm p2 , # 2 0 h
jr nz, readytosendmsg4
call send_ savemessage
jr loop_ msg4

send_ savemessage:
ld r1,#29h
ld r0,#'A'
call tx_ data
ld r0,#'T'
call tx_ data
ld r0,#'+'
call tx_ data
loopsend_ msg:
ld r0 , @ r1 ; transfer the content data of address to working reg r0
call tx_ data ; pulse enable
inc r1
cp r1 , # 6 ah
jr eq, return1 a ; inc address to fetch next character from ascii
jr loopsend_ msg
return1 a:
ld r0,#0h
call tx_ data
ld p0 , # 0 6 h ; this is for the alarm on state
call delay2
ld p0 , # 0 h ; alarm off state
ret

;======== LCD display =========

clear:
. ascii "
$
tittle:
. ascii " Microcontroller Based Matrix Display $"
school:
. ascii " Mapua Institute of Technology $"
lower:
.ascii "-->lowercase: $"
upper:

82
 . ascii "-->uppercase: $"
number:
.ascii "-->num. lock: $"
message1 :
.ascii "-->message one: $"
message2 :
.ascii "-->message two: $"
message3 :
. ascii " - - > message three: $ "
observe:
. ascii " Observe Silence$ "
do_ not:
. ascii " Do not leave your things unattended$ "
sleeping:
. ascii " Sleeping and eating are not allowed$ "
cellphone:
. ascii " Cellphones are not allowed$"
.end

83
APPENDI? D
UserFs ManuaI

84
 Library Noise Detector 5 ith Short Information DispIay

UserFs ManuaI

These are the proper ways in using the designed noise detector:

1 . Initially plug on the device in a 2 2 0 VAC to turnFon the system design.

Make sure that the toggle switch on the noise detector is turnedFoff

before any task is be done.

8. To choose whether the message is a user input or a stored message,

press the push button beside the keypad. A stored message appears

when the button is pushed. If you want to display a personal input

message to display, wait until a blank selection appears.

9. If it is a user input message, enter the short information that you want to

display during the detection of the noise within the library. Enter alert

messages that can really catch the attention of the library user.

1 0 . The keypad functions like the cellular phone keypad and the tact switch

beside the keypad is used for deleting a character.

11. Set the desired level of sensitivity of the sensor by turning the knob of the

noise detector. The clockwise direction makes the noise detector turn

from 50 decibel to 80 decibel.

12.Turn on the toggle switch in the noise detector to start the communication

between the display device and the noise detector.

85
 13. Leave the device on the table or in a specific place in the library then let it

function by itself. A default message of “Mapua Library” will be shown

until noise is detected. The chime sound will occur, the LED indicator in

the sensor blinks, and the entered short information will be displayed once

noise is sensed.

Figure 6. Pictures of the actual Library Noise Detector with Short Information
Provider

86