Objectives:

At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

1. Examine the nature and relationship of numbers in a
sequence.
2. Generate a pattern to form a number sequence.
3. Determine the nth term of a number sequence.
4. Solve commonly used logic patterns, symbol
patterns, number patterns and word patterns.
5. Give the significance of Fibonacci sequence in real-
world.
Group Activity
• You will be divided into small groups.
• Each group will be assigned the following position:
• 2 Researchers
• 2 Presentation designers
• The rest are the Presenters
• You will identify the following flowers and the number
of their petals.
• Include descriptions of the flowers or how it is used
today.
• Present your output in any creative manner.
Group Activity
• Criteria for judging
• Creativity of the presentation – 40%
• Accuracy of information – 40%
• Design of the presentation – 20%
• Total – 100%
Group Activity
Name:

Number of Petals:

Descriptions / Usage:
Group Activity
Name:

Number of Petals:

Descriptions / Usage:
Group Activity
Name:

Number of Petals:

Descriptions / Usage:
Group Activity
Name:

Number of Petals:

Descriptions / Usage:
Group Activity
Name:

Number of Petals:

Descriptions / Usage:
Group Activity
•Notice the numbers 3, 5, 8, 13, and 21 are
all part of the Fibonacci Patterns. The
number of petals of a flower is usually a
Fibonacci number.
•What do you mean by pattern?
•What is a Fibonacci pattern?
Introduction
•Patterns are everywhere. People just
need to learn to notice them. It seeks to
discover relationships and connections
between seemingly unrelated bits of
information.
Introduction
•Studying patterns allows one to observe,
hypothesize, discover, and create.
Today’s mathematics is much more than
algebra, and geometry. The way of
doing it has evolved from just performing
calculations or deductions into observing
patterns, testing conjectures, and
estimating results.
Introduction
•Mathematics has become a diverse
discipline that deals with data,
measurements, and observations from
science and works with models of
natural phenomena, human behavior,
and social systems.
A Study of Patterns
• Pattern
• It is an arrangement that helps observers anticipate
what they might see or what happens next. It also
shows what may have come before.
• G. H. Hardy
• - A British Mathematician who characterized
mathematics as the study of patterns.
Logic Patterns
➢Logic patterns deal with the characteristics of
various objects, orders, or sequences while others
possess similar attributes.
➢These patterns are seen on aptitude tests in
which takers are shown a sequence of pictures
and asked to select which figure comes next
among several choices.
Identify the pattern and work out which one of the
suggested images would complete the sequence.
Answer: B
Solution: The first thing you can identify is that the
triangle is alternatively flipping vertically, ruling out C
and D. The only difference between A and B is the size
of the square.
To maintain a sequential pattern, B must be correct:
the square grows in size and then shrinks as it
progresses along the sequence.
The bottom boxes create a rule that has to be applied in
the box directly above them. Select which of options A to F
corresponds to the rule below the box with the question
mark.
Answer: E
Solution: The simple rule in this question is that
the number of grey arrows in the box below must
equal the number of black shaded shapes in the
box above. Three grey arrows are below the
missing box, so the correct answer must contain
three black shapes.
Geometric Patterns
➢Geometric patterns deal with a motif or
design that depicts abstract shapes, like lines,
polygons, and circles, and typically repeats
like a wallpaper.
Study the pattern and determine the shape that
comes next.
Answer:
Study the pattern and determine the shape that
comes next.
Answer:
Word Patterns
➢Word patterns deal with the metrical patterns
of poems and the syntactic patterns of how we
make nouns plural or verbs past tense are
both word patterns, and each supports
mathematical as well as natural language
understanding.
➢If the word MODERN can be encrypted as OQFGTP,
how can you code the word WORLD?

A. YQSNF
B. YQTNF
C. YQUNF
D. YQPNF
➢If the word MODERN can be encrypted as
OQFGTP, how can you code the word WORLD?

Answer:
B. YQTNF
➢If the word MODERN can be encrypted as OQFGTP,
how can you code the word WORLD?

Solution: Study the pattern below:

M → N → O; O → P → Q;
D → E → F; E → F → G;
R → S → T; N → O → P;
➢If the word MODERN can be encrypted as OQFGTP,
how can you code the word WORLD?

Solution: Notice that each letter skip by two from the

alphabet. Hence,
W → X → Y; O → P → Q;
R → S → T; L → M → N;
D → E → F;
➢Doctor:Nurse :: _____:Follower

A. Employer
B. Leader
C. Work
D. Manage
➢Doctor:Nurse :: _____:Follower

Answer:
B. Leader
Number Patterns
➢Number patterns deal with the prediction of the
next term in a sequence. Working with number
patterns leads directly to the concept of functions
in mathematics: a formal description of the
relationships among different quantities.
A pattern may have a list of numbers in which a
constant number is added to get the succeeding
terms.

Example: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, …

A pattern may have a list of numbers in which
a constant number is added to get the
succeeding terms.

Example: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, …

𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
A pattern may have increasing terms because the
number to be added is increasing in a
predictable way.

Example:14, 15, 17, 20, 24, 29, …

A pattern may have increasing terms because the
number to be added is increasing in a
predictable way.

Example:14, 15, 17, 20, 24, 29, …

𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟒 𝟓
A pattern may have decreasing terms because
the number to be added is decreasing in a
predictable way.

Example:118, 98, 73, 43, 8, −32, …

−𝟐𝟎 −𝟐𝟓 −𝟑𝟎 −𝟑𝟓 −𝟒𝟎

Problem Set #1:
•Do Abstraction (Critical Thinking) on page 12
of the textbook.
Who Was Fibonacci?
• His real name was Leonardo of
Pisa.
• He is a European
Mathematician 1175-1250
• He discovered the Fibonacci
sequence by investigating how
fast rabbits could breed under
ideal circumstances.
Fibonacci Sequence
• The Fibonacci Sequence is the series of numbers:
0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, ...
• The next number is found by adding up the two
numbers before it.
• The 2 is found by adding the two numbers before it
(1+1)
 Fibonacci Sequence
•The Fibonacci Sequence is the series of
numbers:
0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, ...
•The 3 is found by adding the two
numbers before it (1+2),
•And the 5 is (2+3), and so on!
 The Rule
xn = xn-1 + xn-2
where:
xn is term number "n"
xn-1 is the previous term (n-1)
xn-2 is the term before that (n-2)
First, the terms are numbered from 0 onwards
like this: So term number 6 is called x6 (which
equals 8).
n= 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

xn = 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13

n= 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 ...

xn = 21 34 55 89 144 233 377 ...

Example: the 8th term
is the 7th term plus
the 6th term:

x 8 = x7 + x 6
Why is it Significant?
• Fibonacci numbers show up unexpectedly in
architecture, science, and nature (sunflowers &
pineapples).
• Fibonacci numbers have useful applications with
computer programming, sorting of data,
generation of random numbers, etc.
Example of Objects associated with Fibonacci
Numbers

White flower
with five petals.
Example of Objects associated with Fibonacci
Numbers

Clematis flower
with eight
petals.
Example of Objects associated with Fibonacci
Numbers

Sunflower with
thirteen petals
Makes a Spiral
Fibonacci numbers can be represented as spiral
also known as Fibonacci spiral
Example of Objects associated with Fibonacci
Spiral

The nautilus is an
example of Fibonacci
spiral found in its shell.
Example of Objects associated with Fibonacci
Spiral
The pinecone
shows
Fibonacci spiral
with clockwise
and counter-
clockwise
rotation.
Example of Objects associated with Fibonacci
Spiral

The leaves of
spiral aloe forms
Fibonacci spiral
Golden Ratio
• In mathematics, two quantities are in the Golden ratio if
their ratio is the same as their sum to the larger of the
two quantities. “De Devina Proportione” by Luca Paciolli
Golden Ratio
• It is known as famous
irrational number
1.61803398… called phi.
Denoted by ϕ
• It is used extensively by
Ancient Greeks in
architecture
Golden Section in Architecture
• Golden section appears in
many of the proportions of
the Parthenon in Greece
• Front elevation is built on
the golden section (0.618
times as wide as it is tall)
Golden Section in Architecture
• Golden section can be found
in the Great pyramid in
Egypt
• Perimeter of the pyramid,
divided by twice its vertical
height is the value of Phi
Seatwork #2
•Do Seatwork #2 in the Brightspace.