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Lesson 8 - Implicit Differentiation

1. The document introduces implicit differentiation, which is used to find derivatives of functions defined implicitly through equations, rather than explicitly as y=f(x). 2. It provides an example of a function defined implicitly by the equation x^2 + y^2 = 4 and explains how to implicitly differentiate this to obtain the two possible functions y=f1(x) and y=f2(x). 3. The formal definition of implicit differentiation is given, and an example problem demonstrates taking the derivative of an implicitly defined function through implicit differentiation.

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141 views

Lesson 8 - Implicit Differentiation

1. The document introduces implicit differentiation, which is used to find derivatives of functions defined implicitly through equations, rather than explicitly as y=f(x). 2. It provides an example of a function defined implicitly by the equation x^2 + y^2 = 4 and explains how to implicitly differentiate this to obtain the two possible functions y=f1(x) and y=f2(x). 3. The formal definition of implicit differentiation is given, and an example problem demonstrates taking the derivative of an implicitly defined function through implicit differentiation.

Uploaded by

Lewis Pharmaceuticals
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 8: Implicit Differentiation

Learning Objectives:

At the end of the lesson, learners will be able to:

1. Determine the derivative of a function using implicit differentiation


2. Obtain the second derivatives of functions using the implicit differentiation.

IMPLICIT DIFFERENTIATION
2
Suppose that a function, say f, is defined by the equation y=2 x −1 . We can see that
the given equation is expressed as y in terms of x. In this case, the function is being defined
explicitly as a function of x. However, not all relations can be defined in such a manner. For

example, the equation


2 2
x + y =4 defines two functions of x, namely
y=f 1 ( x )=√ 4−x 2 and
y=f 2 ( x )=− √ 4−x 2 such that f and f satisfy x 2 + y 2 =4 . In this case, we say that function
1 2
2 2
f1 (or function f2) is defined implicitly by the equation x + y =4 .

The given example above introduces the formal definition of implicit differentiation.

DEFINITION: Implicit differentiation is the process of finding the derivative of a function


that is defined implicitly.

We shall now illustrate how this process is applied.

Suppose that y is differentiable function of the variable x. Find D x y or y' .


3 2
5 x y−7 xy =3+7 y
Solution:

Step 1: Differentiate both members/sides of the equation. Thus,

D x ( 5 x 3 y −7 xy 2 )=D x ( 3+7 y )

D x ( 5 x 3 y ) − D x ( 7 xy 2 ) =Dx ( 3 ) + D x (7 y )

5 Dx ( x 3 y ) − 7 D x ( xy 2 ) = 0 + 7 D x y

5 ( x 3 y' + y⋅3 x 2 ) − 7 [ x ( 2 yy' ) + y 2 ( 1 ) ] = 0 + 7 y'


3 2 2
5 x y' + 15 x y − 14 xyy' − 7 y = 7 y '
Step 2: Simplify the resulting equation and express it as y’ in terms of x and y.
( 5 x 3 − 14 xy + 7 ) y ' = 7 y 2 − 15 x 2 y
2 2
7 y − 15 x y
y' = 3
5x − 14 xy + 7
Dx y y'
EXAMPLE A: Suppose that y is differentiable function of the variable x. Find or by
implicit differentiation.
x +2 y
x 2=
1.
x−2 y
2.
√ x+ √ y=4

( 2x + 3 ) 4 = 3 y 4 cos ( x + y )= y sin x
3. 4.

4 3 4
x + x y+ y =3
5.

2
d y 2x
3 3 =− 5
x + y =1 dx 2
y
EXAMPLE B: Given , show that .

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