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CN Unit 1 Notes

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CN Unit 1 Notes

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\22- UNUT A vel as —> Data communication (ory exchange of: clota ftw the a deufees Wa toomae fom a) a tvanenitfon woedland such cd witved Con uriveless tam be Yepresented as o daka tommurication > > KR communication Lustem fs vepvesew i oy combinalton. a hordwore aud slw- Data cCommunteatton componeils + - Oe. " annr Snpormalion te be DnNesscage,—A 4 aaa ae Masel [text , video » fenoge he]. DSender 1-— A, sender Se a-deuice which wonds the doko menage (computer, eth woyketaifon “eke) + D Reciever .- 94 Feo defee which wectcives . the daka message . A wansnisston medium :— A phydical pati which user to avant dota - L-fabre optfes > to -axtal cable > wid spuisted part + D projoco!’, —H set of mules wolfe Lov dca reommun ection. 9. ° commun is ‘we used compuser nelworks :—the coltecKfon ‘ol REA ARAL autonomous Conputers Interconnected BY a Engle Lechnology whieh Ts Fo called AS COPAPEMIEN IN EHWOO NK - —> computes are said to be Amlerconvey,y bed i hey ae able to exchange the wor malton- aye Ms 7 [Pea Om 5 TRG] [Pey] A ree’ Networks tapeleaics t= ‘) Mech topologies > — Ddedfeated potut—to — pout (HK Lo every over dertee > a eos reopolaafe i ts (-fivet ‘\ we atairt “bo mt _ bronsmttt yom 1 E03 | 4 hen fyom to hub tT * thew wb +o =| to ° —> Dedfeabeck pou to - pail Yale on Jo asia cewival contyoller which, 1s ‘kxwowr 7A ATU - 3) Bus tepalegi ie PC P| TPS y . ° Pe Unk. To exons, rem Pes fo PS Eghate Po te Unie Auer Wak te Pa| . => Me> long. ‘ealole Oee Ob a backbone. to tne Linke 5 “udhaxe alls He? dutices ase convicted frc a vohworke > : Pes~ > Pin © Bog seclefn = mts, us Pa: eh ©) Pay Nog =n dedteated point - orto pout connectlo > with only of doPeey oir Heed efde of Fe. > Genera yo atlig opalegy ‘user Vepeatety. if an ' le ' y NN “ nehaorking devices donheog = ") Hub: — aie Hub convecks Wwhiple coi, Networking denfieng “togeten. 5 _ Puta, => opetates Sn Prjcfeal ayes Ta a [Hub 'p ad suite — > 3 howe move Snrarigence. than bth, ° wldel Uy uked bo connect O Spectty Sulton Fn +e nodwork-. SES > opeiales in beNovg layer <, acla, SEA fosyer a4 Reuter (S722 CT, > Dt helps LromwQ8re 4 Hu Pocketn tO Hie de dettwnathco ry = an bews a > Opetotes. Ga Networte layer | ph isa BI | 4) Bridge te —> Establisththg. +the connector bho he sfnilar Atipe 5 nateoorle => pReies an Physical layer COV) data Ure layers . 5) fokeusay: eae > Estoblubing the Cone ch on teas dept - —ervevect lypes | pefoorvld = > opesabes Bn. sevarepa st layer (ox) geson layes , O&O SS) zg: . hh 6) Nodem * — 2 - Bemedulation . ; —> operates Ren hats Se (or) dos, Sone ah Bre layer Lod ' -s Afgited phinaleg Set n oO A D Repeoterr =... ~> Aroplities he gna ak, ae Reed ; > Cpuotes an - phydeal ait. . a , A i hf RnR f \eee acces’ potht To of wivel * 8 devices tok Otows g waved wetwork ic Networks Waidwwore % closeted Pay 4+ypes o- r andeat ‘) Loca) -Avea Network ! (L Ant) a personal Avea Network: [PAN] 3) Nekvopolftan Aven Network |, Cran a) wide Hea Pedwoore + Twoantd. _ rahi ) personal grec Nehwok + dn Akis Aype the deutces conmmmutnicate -ove, the ae and the peason a ex" blue booth . 3) howl tea Neboowke t- Sn Huis type te deuce commerrticaté a building oO offfee : > lan |G oO bitvately owned network: =JLAN Ae used Dow chasing tune dota. ote pasonal Computers of World Stasiors” 1 4 e° 8 yen aor ¢ S fn -1nts -Wype both hl and: s}wa .xesoureee Can be Ghasec . }. A 2 Ihe tain £6 4 to 6 1d “to 1950 nubps- > arhe >ocrhe- caster, auibps cud pr sent pack ts >the new cvoltct ton | arate DF bleed ronmactoo 3 ; D Merve palltar sa ndetwcek = , a nelworle meth a ote => A wan is of bho lan and warn . : => man, commumicakes Raside the 40a oF chty. os ‘ : ae" ex IV > cable opuator.- : AY wide -Aveor Network 3 ODA eee Gt prowides to - distance trancnigion “yo dala. which Conmmnunicattes catenk ey ud he woyld: + at 40 counlry ON ~irrvougro EX’ Srauct - sexpore BAD sedheette morte at fe dafined as vside 2aNgE ot Bofwoaes that stveam nes - ee operctitons: design mnartttor ag and Fouplamevitctiion af.@ Coptputer yahusorke « cel Bosc funerloinalites 4 pelo Ooo) D Bae, cagnegermert The administrator’ adds, OW Yemoyes Whe USCRS fen Ae nework sv 4 thy x ' 9). file & MANAGER A ator doctder “ite Wests J “Obie, wqacinisr ol ddla skOrn ge and contol Yd ancy, tg “tho dala + ra : coftesane enables” tre D-Aecess veElwork > aon a~errrrrr™. unikewpled decease ACLESS, rans FO netusosk VESOUICES - -from he H Networks network secusitty aysieon : ~ data can we transfered Fn secured MANNE 2 >> she Nekwort slvo depends on 5 protocol helvorchey “Sy Mekwork, anxciibeckure» a nébwork layer - Je connection less . a 3) design fesues Yin A Connectou ovteried ~ posteee! deetrarelay: — fer gf melee) = lowensr Hosta, “OSE * UE yout ner : Fa as Recep ean layers uy layer 4 4 = abe Y tayery 3 Lay 3 OES | 4 2 yoee v ) layas.. 2 laye ead fo Ante oly a layer! => mock Ackworks are orautsecl as a Stacle LIC jes OD tevels each ove build apow auc,one tbelodco TL. ekwork AvelMectuse y— TANS eon =>-A set al lage and protocols 2 called NeLWwOVk ranctatect cave => etworld anchriker Gare con aud trailer stots a: pea der aafouraen af a ep Header Gdertti es We | Se msg 1 address 7 eequenct . 4 bu ( alge 94 pus . i" . pact end x One, =>-tyoiler PY ese at ioeg’ 4 and next baer = : ; r Pe cee tet 2 pa rid a eae Design seuss iesuse “apy oe Restsceok BA PEE i aw pre worle— she relfalr \ehy ms nd b au ends on. Exrov Ackee tral f & mrovitng: 1” exyor™ COYY ecrton - devaluation af celwetks += the €ON Yepresemts fale} de addnestng mawing pe etal 3) Resource ymosalion w= branseithon | Uae and he quatiig of - eewice as on dhe exquace athe colton. 4) dtretion oy seossssitiions . Seon D Ainply @—_+@ : ‘simplex erongfers —tre. dabe ont fe ae dkrection ¢ + 2 ae . Ya ee ok data fr bor : ‘ dbroctions uk nol simulhane? valy 6G. voles Btu duplet— beans fers Ha spit Abscicore ainutancots en bor A) comailion ovented Ve gevetin comnastion lela / Co nia 7 sepusee on ephone Ae => 7 4 > ae ne sym —fret esta establah the 0 Ny nol Fp see mane cone chor and tt finaly emrinates ~fhe conmeclion. ore ibolallablo ch bp uses pe aetrdind Las The ms bis axe arvrancfered to coe que nee annen . connection Lee PP ow of . noone, “each. | AS tis “aype 4 tu cvepveserited, feu ‘desta. yA Hon © adcluss pe she bite Ce not, spransjexid on OE : AGNES + Bowdee patito. fepesalievs ~ iy Waster [gsken dubixg toy at fend Blot us connector - ng Bo apolar. ow connection, pie | mang pe fat connect ON DOSES on on 4 Raa RSM Oe Blocle warbing -fov % ncom®rg Loe * 5) eend +o send a” ws 40 peo ON terminate eo v 6) LA MRNL ET ABeonnee’ Mea to 4 MULE, "), . ay a2 . . oO ee ‘ dhe Relationship 9 sowice ard Pyotr x Souice dgfines What operdhions iro layer Se pepe te efor om behoy 4 GkSe UKs * col 4a eek of gusles vohicl, “th fs used to sexchany 2 Aue Fijormnahon belue AU peer ss tikes usd tde, o layer ° [esa + Open ‘sys Bue veomnection Fok = Wanglen conto) prorece! = Anrerme-+ protocel |, Reosose Model ; 28 eence model Ye chastified Srto Bypes i os) O85 [open Systern ankaconnedn TCP [Transfer condi prover): HIP faniowak protocel) - ’ eho. | Eyslews J2cavice lor pales lion = Qpen x. Raowose dlodel josw |: A } ; , 2 = Eapplicodlton aye af aT air of ae saat feline | bo bac] I fab fOr ) ¢ rant 7 yr? layer! : , ens Sow lone go | sessiovr; } Vvisidivat : 1a. : , “7 ye m7 = - ay Fane ort v fron’ po | ve : 7 ve | or. | z ~ br akg OWE | 2 [saat | : ol eek Uae Y ; Spat (pale 2 eet J aa le Zn t hay qed] Tries a i ; Tyee a oT] ‘pry Seve. “ore aud ls ove a COMMLULRS 8 ‘calton charmed 3” — bit eynorrvorisation, cee “atad chook. -ond ee peor by f_s vepresents bels por second zak, % enown as Wey ate - aie > wane tion odes opresented'y, 5 phycical Layer Sn Woy ‘dupley Cov) ful duplex, eames of Simply > phystea” layer cone! ‘Grou. dota Alb cleaticed sigeala : ak he —wanentibor 5 and G&L coments, Cueevicol 26 mee Wits ay he pebener &) Wola Qota- ink, Layer += Dota “ repented 8 hae homes > a uador “wat lo | Data Line Seelam prow ides Ane phuydcal adel of om | Ww _ Conaponand ino yolior 7 phic UW" candidared Od. ee addavess Or 7 cepyesntad Fr ae bits + pasta ; UF te “Prec » ey hi lied te veapons e vans with c fete t Hing . evvor +—“ee2 sa dota Unie, layer Ue can be done by) Wing eRe Lr ceyclre Re dunce &. chrecl]. eae. dota Mine layer Contwk the flow » conkrol “( binasit its > Les plerwork Loy Re expos ible iLoy |“ BoUmMe. -o _daaitnalio olelMus ol paccek® * Accvoss neenrple wneteo ORS ies makers Peri ronnly dipends prt Ad YESS pode om via pacers crane ne fgousee and destination -. a > price veepore ole So prorece Bee We’ BBppererd “pod owe * ble ~ovyoyY LO nbd Loy aes ¥ 4e A pio 22 aoaanerete I, ny => nt -evanspowt ; layer Re ey onsible for process to process dettvery Of ue en®ye wressage. layer Onsuived tnt whole iat | tr —> -tvansport RA oO order” ol evvor Conk vot Onive and flow —cowtvol’. >The -bvanspovt Ao @- Header must Saclude® a ype ‘ addevess called a a sonttee pees address, . 5) Sesgton Session sn hase: — >A seegion ley moehine to envotelialy sess soem. “wae “eeagion. lone, _ dialogs Co covtvol, and —Ssthe, ik eee contivel, oltous lose WP Ay ko “Sbianentih tue data root > Sypcenicction ONG OL ee to add checke points for akveawting qe 6) presentation bayer: a —s-A pramststion Hoyer % Us 1 cone ullth Syrian ANd sernovrlics of & ade . ‘exeluonged Bue “tyne acronat and Vetiener .. : ea ailowe ubers and SE Sfee4 cro bo Re Corrsds q gyrdlavonicalion yesentalion ue Abe Informrdld Can be -wanclated -f comapyesed ood Cnagpled . a» Deptiedlion Bayes :- .- Application layer ee CohsvAe! a. voxtet Yy of commonly used by prosvocols - voltele ane We uses. - : aa protecel . Le. HTTR erp. sewtP. ls Ter JEP. Paster’ vENc? . Models. t= usloped before af acp|se wodel , uO, “dum ste 06a adel ‘ l anode wased OF proteee => “the ner SF a Sle 2 suchn Os cr and 3 ° Oea ick \aco Mac raReanier in oe air \OP OPE as GNTERNET © he | tre TPIEP oe consists ol 4 aiyers : # Arpplfeation Yayo D Transpo Layer. 2) aw Duteanct foyer nletesost 5 “Host oN NN Fp ates a oe ¥ vasponitle Pov howd Wore adadvesmq a Atha a, Qn His Voor > the prorocdl used data +vawseihs,, allows -}ue pryscal ocols We S Tp wae Layee the prete _> go2dtt (wit?) . e ated b ; vepveute I even et > fibe~- Sneek aya — = Réspondible for to Real vant tHon ol o daka over meswork -» yooce| constrts af + protocol, CIPN Ge 1 TPVED = Gatemet P spbso TP —> Pnjeme acme . (Redernet cortreA ong protocel) voltele “5 used -bo encapsulate er woth &mputt : { Ser ‘ A2LbED> 2) Tyonspart Saye — The “transport layer conics of TCP (Rrane(er contvol prstoce)”) ‘wltch is used tov We Convection sovented agi UI é te (user Pakagyam protocol) used Lon Canmontean Suetem: a Application Layer: — ks layer performs “he ~fumctto model anck tes ha SS op 2 lagas an oer fov node ~t0 - node Pomoc veape ncible Xeon User Bulerface > qhe protacls used Yn the Appiicedion layer Are _> WTTP [Aeqportext wed tor we Hera ne fe> protecat) bo appiceation le protoeat)) > errr. ¢ Straple eoal Evans ured erp (File -erangfer protecel) Wasik _ +o rans} ex le iw 2SY IShems, > Wns Cdoomain nome syssers) / DRIP (Real Lime “erans¢e prosocel) . pitevence wk ost and sc9e\TP Ce ode. : : Ne ore ost. =rop\PP- D vepyese whe roy aL dD srepresented by Vays “ A LOU CAPS TADP) CATS He) : are waodel 1S The model Fe defined before re Saaplennend — Salasenkodtein 6 ; —alion of protocol. peal eatecal, ( | oss DT Ve deneloped by SSO 4) eopasate sesfon layer and presentation lagen fe Vopvesented SW quatanteee Myre relfolole. dultvery, of paceet 8) In ahigy model easy to add New fee — nology A) Mepyetented od Vausfeal model &) eniafonunn kee my! haodex 92 S bytes, ayeonvectfon okented y {eiuidionless one. - faplumente d Fa vahwoke Layer. Connector) OM uated %, ro “Tramepovt Jaren. > | 3). ats Aeueloped 4, ARPANET aep|zp 4) The cowld net om * presentation Ie : & ie Yep ~wesented Ss) Anes guaawteas a vvelPoove «dali . . Paedeek- “ys rs) AgeePesLt -tovadd “ neus echwnolegy PP) Mov gon) mal 8) wobydes-; *) Commectrontess fo Networe lay uonmeckion Co Nnvrech onrless Sn Tramsype layer -. Jvexnet © — — Bs & nelworle o womapuher whlch (Fates . ° mony ATL eve wl Aypes %4 cow pubs ol owe, Awe © WVoMd - Lp Wwe Bate nehome fe considered a3 © pppanet! (adn - Reccarch proyect agers) wrieln Ve alunelopod by ‘ye elerl o APG dept of dofenee “egy fe established Gn 1464 which Ws used for Ke pmmuneceaktean na the Yesenrckn arganieatoa ¢ lakes Go 198g Be used for commactal Porwpose Fa bevet of Qubemnet Souter provided Py See D Mecbrorhe woth + ‘ped Cov carmen en ; _ akon wie sone et ctenatnalan “Ano anvams\ x “8G. oe a) FTP a Ble hom 1 ta ancivo compuhes vewicle ic corm r&eatad an aw for o} eg eroge, Co deo ,audio - : A) Telnet +, enaerer Oo Tien ‘ ‘ “tog into aman 4) usenet 1 — enables a WP Ub “ES exdnamrore eno \ptco une melons unser velowg to 9rp- uber, +o Cownputer atowed 5) heep + ---A set of vulee try Ee a ftles such. as aot, “ qraphte fn Wey, ° oma iia a {flex em wo, ores pe : TCP: aed Lontiro\’ protdce | Fo, Inkegvades FHKE + commurkcad on bey Source, Se destfralion * 2 ds the BG ered lovealer Suite trdfufdual med woVSela Fe cowadered ad parleele gu pha! Joys — The, notin purpose of Whe physical layer ds Ly -bransmit we Bony. doka Qn Ane. -orm o phe cleckeal signals, al re transmit aa elechyfcol signal Sa, Yue form 4 fron bic ot “ve Vehener- es asthe main objecive a Ie prycteal lay ie Z “Lye 6 to -bronsmik —the dabo Ay : “Pos en” ° alechromagnolic signals ac? Q tramawnlFoO yredPunm aa aaa VYONSWUISIOD Ww AY vedtuymr Ye ° a classfed ‘wt Wee oO “the -*t 2 Lypes 4™ —_—_—— ! - / guide prcekitum \ unguided wed tunn U ° ab fs. defined ct when Hee dota guided uxt yoda VQ\ Wie. ture. FEO sue data ie porures a9 -ranantt} ed An efron Aho pevorng MEL guided ana dur a wired st Suto 5 lypes = = an broneheres © fovthen chaseUlted se twisted Pp CAL eo a > 4a optics : 2 tn =m TBSsked pda Sn -the data “se trons ines 5 wadosied pou the» afatedh TKO Te ® nic oe fo sted» Gave aehe erounsnition the. form 4 a Ww conidertng tris be “wterfeanonce * lov) pour and ovese talk AL can be veduced, =—_ ~~ #2~— _> Sn Vhe wsesied. par ora finn Fy ysod for Oo ator and ordre e., used Lex gquound - q! -elepbong 3 / Unes —_— : a 2) co-gxtal oe COs OXON. “ti : we o tvansm ow. lines ave contig with o ceposcte shrodurre whieh sy ol ek ay wash OS _aytal cable Fanleyea a compared! ds / Se Us — by using Hae co ance can. be ro dence uutsjed poe , Eq: TN Cables + q FPG teo -il- 5S) optical Hibve *— : eS optteol ove Hus dober ts -tronsnR bed aed on AWE propegavio” gee glo. haw) lL» cove n e —_> sn pe cal -CIbyre whe dako Pe-tvanamte mm single ~warode amd wmublPriode- Guided Medium ‘so deck TORY Darn can. be -branstered to Necteverx Ustthouk any sanrout ow po guided cgendure *8 condiaved «Mie 9! ay! RES a Ungatded ede arch —fudtrer clas&fted ento + D Radio wwe . D> MPero wanes ; EY) “Gfrares wanes « ae ; ' : Cyeless commuiseations — 9 wee : > The gral one proad cated Serougs Pree apaek whic. Se onastolle Low eveyone “ > dn uvgided Ware Leonel Grom source “FO destinalfon 30 Ai Gtevewt paths ie yee . >. ground, wane propogalie < sky wane propogalé ets bs 2 Ve | aque propog ion - Qn- trons _Lrang miter proper ARvecKlan Cov> & ye stgnols Com t deon2 ~ Fy Ground WANE ROPUISLLO.* ‘AN _> St propo ACR Ake vadlio bon hot -tvanele “Vovvough sho lower. povlion of aknace phere . Pound wane -propos akan he lous —Prequency fg vols propogales en 7 Atvections alsieg wine patlr - ROR : 3) Sey wows. robegaslont- >On : WOON, propo aon” Wager vada frequen wanes Yaciakes, uproords o Who he Donorpheve ohare he WOONCA Cam Teieek back to ture earth. SL. allows she WIONG Propagation, -b reer dfstonce * : : Dlg of he In hime | wg Yeu c I freq Sgrcls re ~tvonsifited $n osevaigut Ure drecy prom ; Okeroa bo ariena + ro Rodlfo WaNes, + — > Radi > RAdho WaNer operates ot o fe ving BktHs to 1Gue « ‘ ‘ > Radto WaNe can propo gale atrecion _o sre transmitter pokter Leonsideed a yen te asl ofan’ divectooal Usahe Radiowanes oe used Ror he broad casting Gradivo, channels e4e> en okt _ upko 600 Gg Ge nga recone , Serownewité HAs rfgowones * > AWerow ones when an anitane olin 3 cor be normaly founsed an ont ffeecttons . —? Sin prhero WI ONES whe parabolic Aven BIKE and Horn OVEMWAIR Ore uted 4 eke woowes » — wi > Sreosred yoones apeabes ao B00 Fhe +o’ 400 Gs. ath pew chert Gn Gnjraved vooNnes gone di stot ponwmnuieod aKore + Genehay . 2a. rrernote vortvol ; —wanenitior seosdbyenn 1B. closeted yto SB eno . D-tol) duplex . SD fuu duplex ; > Simpl mpley : — ee “eronentfion can be done %, one A veckion. 1 DHaly dup ! “Vansiation Can. oe done ® > bow, disxecttong bub “Wob Ob oO bine, . 3) fut duplex : “ananiition com be dare Fn bow dinrchibus o girauttameoualy : ‘ Node ode al papaya: - ‘dn moP “ths daiidod Qwto. 2 -types. — D Einale. mode 2D) Mukti mode + Single mode mode = —> Sn atagle “ode ue Ag fowee moves Pr ove aoe Bingie. Aivection , DS rthe diawoler = us ohnele woot fs jess covapored I. wt le eB must mode: — SA multimode ne cnutifple beams (Pro a Light Source ’ moves Heroes oo coda Aw Arcpevet patterns , mode fe cath qovixe J alo aly : "2 Step _aundex _ cD) Graded Bader ) Rep Base aol The. VOOWER propogated on hve Stover o| on , bgt sous Oe Qh the waste cove, OMe sind oceured ak The ‘200 oy ( lacing =>m™M uae con be the cove and DGrgdeh WIE adei 2 index oF unvirform ve] valine olowg ane ovis af HR Ta eubdlching erecta, a Signal tov) data towards: oe pailicula hardware datlrnalion . ny Se Destin classitted fnto :, D Greats Subtelong: 2) Nessage sufiching. D) Packet svridwang A Gast. “The | connedton & ptab\ihed bbw he 9 nodes .. ' s) message :— uo rT ° A IRS A fYUrsage gutter | wholk weg UL -treabed ab & Sinole - data. Uviil —trans|er® bbw the & nodes. ( | > T]he wig Sige Ww too lage ia | atoveS oar nearodiale, obge- ol wer for the es wc allocation. from os gucieyr— re Eg: Coil. 3 pockek evlitehing » - > BO paciect euttching abulk data %s divided Brio nich “Xs constaare pacers hood emailer eats ¢d as pactels. while -tvans} eltng “ese fneluded Wndficually for eau pI Pnde- ts padcet and —pe nelertly : Ex: Gndemnes | guriposeg + - a Is -trancwtitte

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