AGRICULTURE COMMUNITY

SERVICE PROJECT

Name : T. Venkata vinay

Branch : mechanical engineering

Roll No : 21F95A0306

College : Prakasam Enginnering college

Topic : Agriculture
Mentor/ Faculty Member : G.V. Punna rao sir

AGRICULTURE
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INTRODUCTION
Agriculture is the art and science of cultivating the soil, growing animal
products for people to use and their distribution to markets.

Agriculture provides most of the world's food and fabrics. Cotton, wool, and leather are
all agricultural products. Agriculture also provides wood for construction and paper
products.

These products, as well as the agricultural methods used, may vary from one part of the
world to another.

To contribute towards protection and up gradation of the environment for ensuing

ecological balance, avoidance of global warming and healthy living for man and animal.
To create marketing facilities to reduce post-harvest loss and distress sale of agriculture
produce

About My Village:
NAME OF VILLAGE DAPPALAMPADU

AREA 4.32 SQ KM
TOTAL POPULATION 1099
MALE POPULATION 578
FEMALE POPULATION 521
PINCODE 523113

PROBLEMS AND THEIR SOLUTINS OF AGRICULTURE

The beginnings of agriculture reach far back into history. One of the oldest human
activities, farming, developed long before the first written documents. However, the
exact date of its origin is unknown.

Today, the agricultural sector is one of the most important in the country, employing
about 70% of the labor force. But the sector suffers because of low productivity, and
because of this, it is becoming increasingly difficult to feed a growing population.

Below are the top solutions to the Problems of Agriculture:

1) insufficient water:

there is no sufficient water because of insufficient rainfall in ap. in most of the

districts there is no rainfall from since 2015 to 2022. these cause crops didn't grow
because of no water. so many farmers who have money they paid the money and uses
the boring system and some them are are gave the money to the persons who have boring
system they rent it for certain hours for money purpose.

some of th farmers are left their fields and go to the cities for some work purposes to earn
the money.
solutions for insufficient rainfall:
Today, water scarcity affects almost every continent: around 4 billion people live under
conditions of severe water scarcity for at least 1 month of the year - nearly half of which
live in India and China. And, half a billion people in the world face severe water scarcity
all year round.1 Water demand is also increasing in the Mediterranean region.
Bordering the Mediterranean Sea, more than 180 million people are now affected by
water poverty and an additional 60 million face water stress. there so many ways to
reduce the water consumptions and increse the production, some of them are
HIGH-TECH IRRIGATION SYSTEMS [ by using water sprinklers]
More recent innovative solutions see digitalisation incorporated into agriculture systems.
Some companies are now able to empower farmers to make data-driven decisions and
reduce their water consumption by up to 30% thanks to soil moisture sensors. The Italian
company Bluetentacles allows farmers to irrigate fields only when it’s necessary, thanks
to climate and soil moisture data. A similar system has also been developed by the
Spanish startup BioAgro, which has created a smart irrigation platform using low-cost
technology based on information obtained by sensors. The sensors calibrate soil moisture
and allow automatic irrigation and application of fertilisers only when the crops need it.
These platforms could also provide farmers with forecasting and alerts about conditions
that may threaten crops, so they can take appropriate action in a convenient and timely
way.
DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEMS [ IT CONSUMES LESS WATER]
In poorer regions, some of the cheaper and more practical solutions to save water are
drip irrigation systems, which use frequent irrigation in small, targeted amounts. These
systems consist of digging pipes underground and opening tiny holes in the pipes near
the roots of the plants, ensuring minimal water is lost to evaporation in the air. The pipes
are then opened frequently in short intervals to provide water for plants right where they
need it. According to some studies, drip irrigation systems have been used with success
in waterless and semi waterless regions for vegetable production, forage crops, and the
maintenance of trees.
STORING WATER IN DRY REGIONS
In dry regions, storing water in a smart way is also very important. In Colombia, the CGIAR
Research Programme on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) focuses
on climate-smart agriculture (CSA) to help small-scale farmers adapt to and mitigate the
effects of climate change. This is achieved by catching rainwater when it's available and
helping farmers to efficiently channel rainwater to reservoirs or storage tanks to be used
when the weather is drier.
REGENERATIVE AGRICULTURE: FOCUSING ON SOIL

To adapt to climate change and reduce greenhouse (GHG) emissions at the same time,
researchers, experts and farmers are now exploring “regenerative agriculture”- a way to
grow crops that aims to increase biodiversity, enrich soils, improve watersheds, and
enhance the health of livestock and wildlife. By focussing primarily on soil health rather
than the seeds that are sewn, regenerative agriculture promotes a system where the
“health of soil, plants, animals, and humans is one and indivisible”. This more circular and
holistic view of production is also thought to help crops and fields become more resilient
during stressful conditions - particularly during droughts.
BY GROWING WATER LESS CROPS :

by growing the water less crops for making money by farming are

1.Black-Eyed Peas:

this variety of plant will

grow in even the hottest, driest summers. Harvest may take some time if you have to do
it by hand, but they’re easy to prepare for eating. The legume produced is high in protein,
and they’re great for a survival garden because they’re good to eat at every stage of
development.

2.corn:

You may be thinking of commercial

corn, which oftentimes does require irrigation in many climates, but there are far more
drought-tolerant varieties out there than the ones currently used by commercial farmers.
You may still need to water in drier climates or years, but it’s not impossible.

3.melons:

Certain varieties of melon do okay with

little water and little effort expended. Cantaloupe, honeydew, and watermelon are all
options, and they’d make a spectacular treat in a SHTF situation.

4.berries:

Berries that grow on bushes, like

blackberries and raspberries, often produce without any watering whatsoever. Even
some varieties of strawberries may do okay without watering.

5.okra:

Even in the hottest, driest summer

seasons, okra tends to produce well.
It’s also delicious pickled, which makes it good for food storage in a survival situation. It’s
great because it continues to bear fruit for a while, and it starts producing sooner than
most plants.

Be careful to protect your hands from the little spiny hairs found on the plants and the
okra itself. They can cause major irritation..

2)Fertilizers which raises the ultimate prices of crop too:

in india we know the fertilizers and ppesticides prices are two high year by year
when compared to the last year ,these cause budget of farming has been increased and
the profit has been reduced . Food prices could reach record highs due to jump in fertilizer
prices by November 29, 2021 With agricultural costs being driven to new highs due to a
shortfall of nitrogen fertilizer worldwide, farming communities in North America are
opting to defer purchases, increasing the possibility of a springtime surge in demand for
fertilizers and seed prior to the planting of crops.

solutions to the fertilizers :

Another category, biostimulants, comprises natural materials that enhance uptake of

plant nutrients, reduce crop stress and increase crop growth and quality. Examples
include algae and other plant extracts, microorganisms and humic acids – complex
molecules produced naturally in soil when organic material breaks down.

In the past, critics dismissed natural products like these as “snake oil,” with little scientific
evidence to show that they worked. Now, however, most experts believe that while much
remains to be learned, current biofertilizers “offer huge potential in terms of new and
more sustainable crop management practices.”

Studies have demonstrated many benefits from these products. They include less need
for fertilizer, larger crop yields, enhanced soil health and fewer carbon emissions.

Large synthetic fertilizer companies like Mosaic, OCP and Nutrien are distributing,
acquiring or investing in these biological technologies. Agribusiness giant Bayer has
partnered with Ginkgo Bioworks in a joint venture called Joyn whose mission is creating
“sustainable ag biologicals for crop protection and fertility that meet or exceed the
performance of their chemical counterparts.”
 earthworms:

Land degradation due to

application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is major impediment for sustainable
agriculture. This can be prevented by the use of earthworm involving a technology
called vermitechnology. Vermiculture, vermicompost, vermicast, vermibeds and
vermiwash are the related terms of this technology.

cow dung:

Another simple garden hack on

using fresh cow dung or horse dung is: Dig a hole between two plants and bury fresh cow
dung atleast 4-6 inches deep and should not be in direct contact with roots, this way the
manure becomes a gradual fertilizer around the plant and is not in “direct” contact with
the roots to burn the plants.

ricewater :

The water that is left behind after rice

has been cooked, makes an easy organic fertilizer for your plants. It contains starch and
small amounts of NPK. Which are Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium. These are all
essential for plant health and growth. In basic terms, Nitrogen is good for producing
leaves and greens but if your soil is too high in Nitrogen you will get all leaves and no
actual fruit or vegetable. Phosphorus is good for cell growth and division, so it is essential
for seedlings. Potassium is great for promoting fruiting and flowering in plants. Having a
good balance of NPK in your soil is important. As your plants grow they will use up
different levels of each so it is important to replenish with fertilizers.

The NPK in Rice water is low in quantities so you won’t have to worry about overfertilizing
and it helps you build healthy soil, whilst minimizing waste. Make sure that you don’t add
salt to the water or this will not be good for your plants. It is also important to make sure
the water has completely cooled down first. Use the rice water fresh as you make it as it
doesn’t store well.

eggshell water :

Don’t throw out the water left

over after boiling eggs. Let it cool, and use it to feed and water your plants. This is such
an easy organic fertilizer! This water will add a small boost of nutrients calcium to the soil.
You can also boil leftover eggshells that have been cracked to fry eggs or have been used
for baking. Then after that, crush up the eggshells and add them to the compost for extra
calcium or sprinkle around your seedling as natural pest control to help deter slugs and
snails. There are so many ways eggshells can be used to boost your garden’s health.

wood ash :

The leftover ash from your wood fire

is great to feed your garden. Use the light grey coloured ash at the bottom of your
fireplace not the black chunks of coal. This one can be a little more technical for beginner
gardeners so it might be best to try the other fertilizer options first. Wood ash is high in
Potassium and raises the pH of your soil. So do not use it on acidic loving plants such as
Blueberries.
It’s best to add wood ash in small quantities and mix it through your gardens or compost
so as to not raise the pH of your soil too much (unless this is something you are trying to
achieve). Also, it is very important to note: only use wood ash from chemical-free,
untreated wood. Burnt wood that is treated with chemicals will still have traces leftover
and that is not okay for edible plants.

so these are some easy fertilizers without puting money on fertilizers to buy
them.

3) MARKETING RELATED ISSUE:

Marketing still continues to be in a bad shape in rural areas. In the absence of sound
marketing facilities, the farmers have to depend upon local traders and middlemen for
the disposal of their farm produce which is sold at throw-away price. they did not get
their expected money also.when this is continues every farmer have lost their hopes on
farming because if this is continues they have lot f depts.

solutions for marketing related issue:

1. when check the highest paid crops on the market then stat growing that plants.

2. when the crop prices have low then place the stock on the cold storages or store
rooms.

3. when the stock got high price then u can sell the stock to the market by taking
them from cold storages or store rooms.

4. we have to grow the plants by seasons , because one season have one fruit have
high demand because the fruits are grows only in that seson like in summer
season mangoes have high demand etc..,

4)SEEDS:
Distribution of assured quality seed is as critical as the production of such seeds.
Unfortunately, good quality seeds are out of reach of the majority of farmers.now a day
we have seen that so many types of seeds have arrived with different prices like hybrid
and normal plants. so many farmers have brought their seeds by listening the
shopkeepers words. when sometimes those plants didnt produce any goods , so that time
they got huge loss.

solutions for seeds:

1. dont waste money on buying the new arrived seeds by listening the shop keepers
suggestions.

2. we know the seeds which one is best by using them on before.

3. if you cant use it before then u can ask the other farmers which one is best , then
u can decide by preferences of farmers.

4. you can also prepare the seeds by seeds on the fruits or vegetables

eg..,

okra seeds :

Timing on okra seed harvesting depends on

whether you are growing okra seed pods to eat or collecting okra seeds. An okra plant
flowers a few months after planting, and then it produces seed pods. Gardeners raising
seed pods to eat should pick them when they are about 3 inches (8 cm.) long. Those
collecting okra seeds, however, must wait awhile longer and allow the okra seed pod to
grow as big as it can. For okra seed harvesting, the seed pods must dry on the vine and
beginning to crack or split. At that point, you can remove the pods and split or twist them.
The seeds will come out easily, so keep a bowl nearby. Since no fleshy vegetable matter
clings to the seeds, you don’t need to wash them. Instead, dry the seeds in the open air
for a few days, then store them in an airtight jar in the refrigerator. Although some okra
seeds can remain viable for up to four years, many do not. It’s best to use collected okra
seeds the next growing season. For best results, soak the seeds in water for a day or two
before planting.
 ground nut seeds:

etc....,,

5) insectisides:
now a days the insectides prices are also to high as compared to the ferilizers and
pesticides,when we need a lot of money to buy the insectisides to rescue the crop from
the insectisides , if we dont use the crop has been destroyed by the insects.

so we can also use natural insecticides at the low cost prices

solution for insecticides

1.Get one liter of water, preferably clean water, mix four (4) teaspoons of baking soda
then mix two (2) tablespoons of the vegetable oil and two (2) tablespoons of the liquid
soap. Shake this mixture together vigorously. Then your homemade organic insecticide is
ready for use on your vegetable farm.

2. or we can add the fishes to the fields on them causes thhe fishes are eaten insecticides
and grown up these causes the crop grows well and fishes grows big so we can money
profitable on both of them.

6)Electricity:-
We all have seen now a days in villages only giving maximum 3 hours
electricity to run the motors to watering the plants. Not only in ap all other states are also
have this issue, in gujarath all the farmers have protested against government cause this
issue.

SolutionS:
By using the solay panels:

We have seen so many industries are arriving now a days by designing different
types of solar panels like tata and other industries. in already other countries are installing
solar panels in their fields and using bio electricity produced by solar panels . in india our
government also gives subsidy for fixing or installing the solar panels in fields.
[Solar Industry Highlights, 2022 (Upcoming)

1. 21.6% EFFICIENCY SOLAR PANELS (670 WATT)

Solar Panel Manufactures will be launch a maximum wattage of solar panels in

the Indian market such as 670 W which has efficiency of 21.6%. This type of
solar panels will be made by 210 mm wafers, non-destructive cutting, high-
density interconnection, and multi-busbar (MBB) technology and size of such
solar panel is 2300 x 1100 x 35 mm.
Source: PV-Magazine
Solar Industry Highlights in 2021

India’s operational rooftop solar capacity reached 5,953 MW as on 30th June

2020. Only 1,140 MW capacity is estimated to have been added in the twelve-
month period ending June 2020, down 19% YOY.
1. High Efficiency Solar Panels (450Watt to 500Watt)

Monocrystalline technology has already become mainstream due to higher

efficiency and now there is talk of heterojunction cell technology becoming more
popular with its ability to capture more wavelengths. Jinko Solar in China has
already launched a 580 MW solar module. Panasonic HIT solar panels are
already selling in India with panel efficiency of up to 19.7% and cell efficiency of
up to 22.09%. RenewSys Solar recently launched DESERV Galactic Ultra series
of mono-facial modules with 505W peak output and 20.17% efficiency, making it
India’s first to reach 505Wp. Vikram Solar’s monocrystalline panels have touched
efficiency of 20.56%.
2. Lithium Battery

The storage costs are also expected to go down in the coming years, making
rooftop solar more affordable in different countries. India will be prioritizing lithium
battery manufacturing. The finance minister of India promised incentives to build
large factories making solar cells, lithium battery storage, and electric vehicles.
The government is offering financial incentives in the form of subsidies and duty
cuts for indigenize lithium cell manufacturing, including a reduction of 50% in
minimum alternate tax (MAT) and exemption from import and export duties.
Subsidy on Solar Panel Manufacturer & Lithium Battery

India’s MNRE recently announced production-linked incentives for solar panel

and lithium battery manufacturing companies. The subsidy will be available to
Indian as well as foreign companies manufacturing on the Indian soil. The Indian
government plans to offer Rs 4,500 crore for solar modules and Rs 18,100
crore for batteries. It is also looking to impose a custom duty on solar cells as
well as solar modules imported from China.
Production Capacity - In order to support domestic manufacturing, India has
approved a PLI (production linked incentive) scheme for battery
manufacturing and solar photovoltaic cells in India. The government will be
working to triple the manufacturing capacity setting up manufacturing capacity
in India.
Agriculture Budget 2020 Latest Updates:

PM Kusum Scheme reduced dependence on diesel and kerosene and relied on

social energy. Total of 20 lakh farmers can set up standalone solar pumps, she
says. Further, she said that government can help 15 lakh solarise grid-connected
pump sets, says finance minister Nirmala Sitharaman. Farmers can also use
barren land for solar energy and have a livelihood out of it, says FM.

By installing the wind mills:

In india some industries are arrived and some are arriving in future to install the the
small wind mills for installing on fields and top of the houses. This technology have already
arrived in the U.S.A.in future india is also making this windmills.

[Here is a list of Wind energy companies in India; these are the top Renewable
energy companies dealing in power generation, Installation, commissioning of
Wind energy turbines and towers. Ranking process of these wind energy
companies in India is frequently being updated by our expert team.
1 | Vestas India
Corporate office – Aarhus, Denmark | Establishment – 1979 |
Business – Wind Energy | Website – www.vestas.com |
Vestas, operating in the field of wind energy is among the top renewable energy
companies in India involved in the manufacturing and development of wind
energy farms. The company is a market leader in Wind energy generation in the
world and has existence in more than 70 countries and installed 57 GW. It has
total 24 branch offices employing over 17000 employees worldwide.

2 | Suzlon energy Limited

Corporate office – Pune, Maharashtra | Establishment – 1995 |
Business – Wind Energy | Website – www.suzlon.com |
Ranked among the top five manufacturers of wind turbine worldwide, Suzlon is a
Pune based MNC
and a market leader in Wind energy industry in India. Company has a global
presence with operations in more than 30 countries and installation capacity of
23000 MW.

3 | Enercon India Pvt limited

Corporate office – Aurich, Germany | Establishment – 1983 |
Business – Wind Energy | Website – www.enercon.com |
A German based and among the top Wind energy companies in India, it has a
power generation capacity of around 28 GW. Founded in 1983, services
provided by Enercon includes Environmental & Industrial, Power Generation,
Technical & Business Support, Process & Industrial and New Plant Services.

4 | Wind World India limited

Corporate office – Mumbai, Maharashtra | Establishment – 1994 |
Business – Wind Energy Equipments | Website – www.windworldindia.com |
An ISO 9001:2008 certified wind energy company in India. Wind World is
involved in the manufacturing of concrete and steel WTG which are
manufactured at facilities located in Daman whereas concrete towers are
manufactured at Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Gujarat employing more than 5000
people.

5 | Regen Powertech private limited

Corporate office – Chennai, Tamil Nadu | Establishment – 2007 |
Business – Wind Power | Website – www.regenpowertech.com |
ReGen, manufacturer of wind turbines is an ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and ISO
18001 certified company. Its manufacturing facility is located in Tada, Andhra
Pradesh. ReGen also offers various wind power generation related service which
includes manufacturing, consultancy, supply, erection, operations,
commissioning and maintenance.

6 | Inox Wind limited

Corporate office Noida, Uttar Pradesh | Establishment – 2006 |
Business – Wind Power | Website – www.inoxwind.com |
Inox Wind is an ISO certified wind energy company in India engaged in
manufacturing of WTG. Its major services includes site acquisition, wind
resource assessment, erection and commissioning, infrastructure development
and maintenance. Its manufacturing facilities are located in Ahmedabad, Gujrat
and Una, Himachal Pradesh.

7 | Gamesa wind turbines private limited

Corporate office – Zamudio, Spain | Establishment – 1976 |
Business – Wind Power | Website – www.gamesacorp.com |
Gamesa is a global manufacturer of wind turbines and market leader in
construction and development of wind farms. Headquartered in Zamudio
(Spain), it is ranked fourth largest manufacturer of wind turbine in the world.
8 | GE Wind Energy Limited
Corporate office – Atlanta, United States | Establishment – 1980 |
Business – Wind Power | Website – www.ge-energy.com |
Global wind turbine manufacturer GE Wind Energy Ltd. was incorporated in the
year 1980 in
Fairfield, U.S. The Company mainly makes 26 GW of low and medium-voltage
frequency converters which are installed on wind turbines.

9 | Orient Green Power Limited

Corporate office – Chennai, Tamil Nadu | Establishment – 2006 |
Business – Renewable Energy | Website – www.orientgreenpower.com |
Chennai based wind generation company, Orient Green is a joint venture
between Shriram EPC and Bessemer Venture Partners. The company is a leading
player in renewable energy sector in the country and producer of bio-gas,
biomass, wind energy and hydroelectric projects. The Company has annual
capacity to produce 466.5 MW electricity and it will expand to 1,000 MW by
2015.

10 | Indowind Energy Limited

Corporate office – Chennai, India | Establishment – — |
Business – Wind Power | Website – www.indowind.com |
Indowind Energy Ltd is among the top 10 Wind energy companies in India which
offers various services in wind power sector such as developing wind farms for
sale and generates green power. Company is headquartered in Chennai and has
branch offices located at Mumbai and Madurai.]

ADVANTAGES OF AGRICULTURE:
• Food for Human beings: It provides food that can be consumed by human beings.
These include vegetables, fruits and meat.
• Food for Animals: Animals also feed on food grown through agriculture for instance
hay, fodder, silage and more.

• Source of Livelihood: Many people spend their lives engaging in agriculture. They
include farmers, agronomists, transporters and many others.

• Source of Income: People earn their living directly or indirectly though agriculture.

• Raw Materials: Agriculture produces raw materials that are needed in

manufacturing. Examples include, sisal, cotton, bamboo and more.

• Food Security: Agriculture is practiced to improve food security in a country.

• Trading Commodity: Products such as wheat, corn, or tea are used as trading
commodities in the financial markets.

• International Trade: International trade is dependent on agricultural products

which are interchanged between countries.

• Foreign Exchange: Agricultural countries earn foreign currency by exporting

agricultural produce.

• National Revenue: Many governments especially in developing countries earn

most of their income from agriculture.

CONCLUSION:

The agricultural sector is of vital importance for the region. It is undergoing a process of
transition to a market economy, with substantial changes in the social, legal, structural,
productive and supply set-ups, as is the case with all other sectors of the economy.
These changes have been accompanied by a decline in agricultural production for most
countries, and have affected also the national seed supply sectors of the region. The
region has had to face problems of food insecurity and some countries have needed
food aid for IDPs and refugees.