Scribd
Upload
2K views8 pages

Case Study On Windows

Windows has evolved from its early graphical user interface versions to its current dominant position in personal computing. It uses a hybrid kernel to balance performance and stability. Processes are flexibly managed, with each having its own virtual address space. Memory is protected between processes. The file system organizes storage and the latest versions include security features like antivirus software.

Uploaded by

Tushar Shingade
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as ODT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2K views8 pages

Case Study On Windows

Windows has evolved from its early graphical user interface versions to its current dominant position in personal computing. It uses a hybrid kernel to balance performance and stability. Processes are flexibly managed, with each having its own virtual address space. Memory is protected between processes. The file system organizes storage and the latest versions include security features like antivirus software.

Uploaded by

Tushar Shingade
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as ODT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

CASE STUDY- WINDOWS

Structure
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Pre-History
2.3 Evolution
2.4 Windows kernel
2.5 Process management in windows
2.6 Memory management in windows
2.7 File system
2.8 Security Features in windows
2.9 Summary

INTRODUCTION
Every computer needs an Operating System to function. Microsoft
Windows is one of the most popular Graphical User Interface (GUI). Multiple
applications can execute simultaneously in Windows, and this is known as
“Multitasking”.
Windows Operating System uses both Keyboard and mouse as input devices.
Mouse is used to interact with Windows by clicking its icons. Keyboard is used
to enter alphabets, numerals and special characters.

Windows OS, computer operating system (OS) developed by Microsoft


Corporation to
run personal computers (PCs). Featuring the first graphical user interface (GUI)
for IBM-
compatible PCs, the Windows OS soon dominated the PC market.
Approximately 90
percent of PCs run some version of Windows.
CASE STUDY- WINDOWS
 The first version of Windows, released in 1985, was simply a GUI offered as
an extension
of Microsoft’s existing disk operating system, or MS-DOS. Based in part on
licensed
concepts that Apple Inc. had used for its Macintosh System Software, Windows
for the
first time allowed DOS users to visually navigate a virtual desktop, opening
graphical
“windows” displaying the contents of electronic folders and files with the click
of
a mouse button, rather than typing commands and directory paths at a text
prompt.

PRE-HISTORY

Microsoft and IBM co-developed OS/2 — in hand-written 80286 assembly! As a


result, portability and maintainability weren't really strong features so in 1988
Microsoft decided to develop a "new technology" portable OS supporting both
OS/2
and POSIX APIs
Goal: A 32-bit preemptive multitasking operating system for modern
microprocessors
Originally, NT was supposed to use the OS/2 API as its native environment, but
during development NT was changed to use the Win32 API, reflecting the
popularity of Windows 3.0

EVOLUTION
CASE STUDY- WINDOWS

Feb 2000: NT 5.0 aka Windows 2000. Borrows from windows 98 look 'n' feel.
Provides server and workstation versions, latter of which starts to get wider
use.
Big push to finally kill DOS/Win9x family that fails due to internal politicking
Oct 2001: Windows XP (NT 5.1) launched with home and professional editions.
Finally kills Win9x. Several "editions" including Media Center [2003], 64-bit
[2005]) and Service Packs (SP1, SP2). 45 million lines of code
2003: Server product 2K3 (NT 5.2), basically the same modulo registry tweaks,
support contract and of course cost. Comes in many editions
2006: Windows Vista (NT 6.0). More security, more design, new APIs
2009: Windows 7 (NT 7.0). Focused more on laptops and touch devices
2012: Windows 8 (NT 8.0). Radical new UI with tiles, focused on touch at least
as
much as supporting mouse/keyboard
2013: Windows 8.1 (NT 8.1). Back off the UI a bit, more customisation
2015: Windows 10 (NT 10.0). More connectivity, for and between device

WINDOWS KERNEL
The Windows kernel is a key program that is crucial for Windows to function.
The kernel is the first program to load after the bootloader. After loading, it
controls and coordinates every other program and process. The kernel is the
bridge between the user and the hardware, it translates user instructions for
the hardware and connects them.
CASE STUDY- WINDOWS

The Windows kernel is a hybrid kernel, which means it attempts to combine


features and benefits of microkernel and monolithic kernel architectures. The
idea is to simultaneously benefit from the performance monolithic kernels
provide and the stability that microkernels provide.

PROCESS MANAGEMENT IN WINDOWS

Provides services for creating, deleting, and using threads and processes. Very
Flexible:
 No built in concept of parent/child relationships or process hierarchies.
 Processes and threads treated orthogonally.
..thus can support Posix, OS/2 and Win32 models
 It's up to environmental subsystem that owns the process to handle any
hierarchical relationships (e.g. inheritance, cascading termination, etc)
 E.g., as noted above, in Win32: a process is started via the
CreateProcess()
CASE STUDY- WINDOWS
 function which loads any dynamic link libraries that are used by the
process and creates a primary thread; additional threads can be created
by the CreateThread()function

MEMORY MANAGEMENT IN WINDOWS

Microsoft provides an resource describing Windows Operating System


Memory Management on their Windows Development Desktop technologies
site. Each process on 32-bit Microsoft Windows has its own virtual address
space that enables addressing up to 4 gigabytes of memory. Each process on
64-bit Windows has a virtual address space of 8 terabytes. All threads of a
process can access its virtual address space. However, threads cannot access
memory that belongs to another process, which protects a process from being
corrupted by another process.

FILE SYSTEM
CASE STUDY- WINDOWS

File system controls how data is stored and retrieved. In other words, it is the
method and data structure that an operating system uses to keep track of files
on a disk or partition.
It separates the data we put in computer into pieces and gives each piece a
name, so the data is easily isolated and identified.
Without file system, information saved in a storage media would be one large
body of data with no way to tell where the information begins and ends.

TYPES OF FILE SYSTEM


There are five types of Windows file system, such as FAT12, FAT16, FAT32,
NTFS and exFAT

FAT32 in Window
In order to overcome the limited volume size of FAT16 (its supported
maximum volume size is 2GB) Microsoft designed a new version of the file
system FAT32, which then becomes the most frequently used version of the
FAT (File Allocation Table) file system.
CASE STUDY- WINDOWS
NTFS in Windows
NTFS is the newer drive format. Its full name is New Technology File System.
Starting with Windows NT 3.1, it is the default file system of the Windows NT
family. Microsoft has released five versions of NTFS, namely v1.0, v1.1, v1.2,
v3.0, and v3.1.

exFAT in Windows
exFAT (Extended File Allocation Table) was designed by Microsoft back in 2006
and was a part of the company's Windows CE 6.0 operating system. This file
system was created to be used on flash drives like USB memory sticks and SD
cards, which gives a hint for its precursors: FAT32 and FAT16.

SECURITY FEATURES IN WINDOWS


 Windows Security is built-in to Windows and includes an antivirus
program called Microsoft Defender Antivirus. (In early versions of
Windows 10, Windows Security is called Windows Defender Security
Center).
 If you have another antivirus app installed and turned on, Microsoft
Defender Antivirus will turn off automatically. If you uninstall the other
app, Microsoft Defender Antivirus will turn back on automatically.
 If you're having problems receiving Windows Security updates, see Fix
Windows Update errors and the Windows Update FAQ.
 Virus & threat protection - Monitor threats to your device, run scans,
and get updates to help detect the latest threats. (Some of these options
are unavailable if you're running Windows 10 in S mode.)
 Account protection - Access sign-in options and account settings,
including Windows Hello and dynamic lock.
 Firewall & network protection - Manage firewall settings and monitor
what’s happening with your networks and internet connections.
 App & browser control - Update settings for Microsoft Defender
SmartScreen to help protect your device against potentially dangerous
apps, files, sites, and downloads. You'll have exploit protection and you
can customize protection settings for your devices.
 Device security - Review built-in security options to help protect your
device from attacks by malicious software.
CASE STUDY- WINDOWS

SUMMARY
Main Windows NT features are:
Layered/modular architecture
Generic use of objects throughout
Multi-threaded processes & multiprocessor support
Asynchronous IO subsystem
NTFS filing system (vastly superior to FAT32)
Preemptive priority-based scheduling

You might also like