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CBSE 2022
SCIENCE
21 Sample Papers
CLASS 10
Term 2
NODIA AND COMPANY

21 Sample Papers CBSE Science Class 10 Term 2
Edition 2022
Copyright © By Nodia and Company
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CONTENTS
Sample Paper 1 7
Sample Paper 1 Solutions 11
Sample Paper 2 16
Sample Paper 3 26
Sample Paper 4 35
Sample Paper 5 46
Sample Paper 6 55
Sample Paper 7 63
Sample Paper 8 71
Sample Paper 9 79
Sample Paper 10 90
Sample Paper 11 100

Sample Paper 12 109
Sample Paper 13 118

Sample Paper 14 127

Sample Paper 15 136

Sample Paper 16 146

Sample Paper 17 155

Sample Paper 18 163

Sample Paper 19 172

Sample Paper 20 180

CBSE Sample Paper (Released on 14 Janaury 2022) 189

CBSE Sample Paper Marking Scheme 194
***********
CBSE Science Class 10 Sample Paper 1 Page 7
Sample Paper 1
CLASS X (2021-22) Term 2
SCIENCE (CODE 086)
Time: 2 Hours Max. Marks: 40

General Instructions:
1. All questions are compulsory.
2. The question paper has three sections and 15 questions. All questions are compulsory.
3. Section–A has 7 questions of 2 marks each; Section–B has 6 questions of 3 marks each; and
Section–C has 2 case based questions of 4 marks each.
4. Internal choices have been provided in some questions. A student has to attempt only one of
the alternatives in such questions.
Section A
1. What happens (write the chemical equation in each case)

(i) ethanol is burnt in air.
(ii) a piece of sodium is dropped into ethanol?
2. The electronic configuration of an element is 2, 8, 4. State its:

(a) group and period in the Modern Periodic Table.
(b) name and write its one physical property.
3. What will happen when :

(a) A mature Spirogyra filament attains considerable length?
(b) Planaria gets cut into two pieces?
4. (a) Identify the asexual method of reproduction in each of the following organisms :
(i) Rose, (ii) Yeast.
(b) What is fragmentation? Name a multicellular organism which reproduces by this method.
5. What is grafting? What do the terms ‘stock’ and ‘scion’ mean in grafting?
or
Variations are important for the survival of species overtime. Justify this statement with reasons.
Page 8 Sample Paper 1 CBSE Science Class 10
6. Study the diagram given below and answer the questions that follow :
(a) Why do the iron filings arrange in such a pattern?

(b) What does this pattern demonstrate ?
or
Diagram below shows a circuit containing a coil wound over a long and thin hollow cardboard
tube. Copy the diagram.
(i) Show the polarity acquired by each face of the solenoid.

(ii) Draw the magnetic field lines of force inside the coil and also show their direction.
7. Draw a diagram to show energy flow in the food chains.

or
“Energy flow in a food chain is unidirectional.” Justify this statement.
Section B
8. The following questions refer to the elements of the Periodic Table with atomic numbers 3 to
18.
(a) Which of them are noble gases ?
(b) Which of them are halogens ?
(c) Which of them are alkali metals ?
9. Two elements X and Y have atomic numbers 12 and 16 respectively.

(a) To which period of the modern periodic table do these two elements belong ?
(b) What type of bond will be formed between them and why ?
(c) Give the chemical formula of the compound formed ?
or
Account for the following :
(a) Noble gases are placed in a separate group.
(b) All the elements of the same group have similar chemical properties.
10. Name the plant Mendel used for his experiment. What type of progeny was obtained by Mendel
in F1 and F2 generations when he crossed the tall and short plants? Write the ratio he obtained
in F2 generation plants.
11. (a) Write the mathematical expression for Joule’s law of heating.
(b) Compute the heat generated while transferring 96000 coulomb of charge in two hours
through a potential difference of 40 V.
12. In the given circuit, find :
(a) Total resistance of the network of resistors

(b) Current through ammeter A
or
You are given two identical looking iron bars. Just using these two bars how will you identify
whether any or both of these bars is/are a magnet ?
13. (i) Create a terrestrial food chain depicting four trophic levels.
(ii) Why do we not find food chains of more than four trophic levels in nature?
Section C
This section has 02 case-based questions (14 and 15). Each case is followed by 03 sub-questions
(a, b and c). Parts a and b are compulsory. However, an internal choice has been provided in
part c.
14. Read the following case based passage and answer the questions given after passage.
The rules for inheritance of such traits in human beings are related to the fact that both the
father and the mother contribute practically equal amounts of genetic material to the child.
This means that each trait can be influenced by both parental and maternal DNA.
(i) What is inheritance?

(ii) Who was the person who gave the three laws of inheritance?
(iii) What is the meaning of paternal and maternal DNA?
or
What is the phenotypic ratio of the dihybrid cross?
When a current is passed through the circular loop of wire, a magnetic field lines near the coil
are nearly circular and concentric. At the centre of the circular loop, the magnetic field lines
are straight.
The strength of the magnetic field produced by a current-carrying circular coil (or circular
wire) depends on :
(a) current flowing through the coil.
(b) radius of the circular coil.
(c) number of turns of wire in the circular coil.
The direction of the field lines can be found by applying Right-Hand Thumb Rule.
(i) State Right-hand Thumb rule.

(ii) A long horizontal power line is carrying a current of 100 A in the east-west direction.
What is the direction of magnetic field at a point 1.0 m below it?
(iii) What type of curve we get, between magnetic field and distance along the axis of a current
carrying circular coil?
or
If a current carrying straight conductor is placed in east-west direction, then find the
direction of the force experienced by the conductor due to earth’s magnetic field.
**********
CBSE Science Class 10 Sample Paper 1 Solution Page 11
Sample Paper 1 Solutions

Class X (TERM – II) 2021-22
Science (086)
3. Section–A has 7 questions of 2 marks each; Section–B has 6 questions of 3 marks each; and Section–C has 2 case
based questions of 4 marks each.
4. Internal choices have been provided in some questions. A student has to attempt only one of the alternatives in
such questions.
Section A new filament through fragmentation.

(b) If a Planaria is cut into two pieces each piece
regenerates into a new Planaria.
1. What happens (write the chemical equation in each
case) 4. (a) Identify the asexual method of reproduction in
(i) ethanol is burnt in air. each of the following organisms :
(ii) a piece of sodium is dropped into ethanol? (i) Rose, (ii) Yeast.
Ans : (b) What is fragmentation? Name a multicellular
organism which reproduces by this method.
(i) When ethanol is burnt in air, forms carbon-
dioxide gas and water vapour. Ans :
CH 3 CH 2 OH + O 2 $ CO 2 + H 2 O + Heat (a)
(i) Vegetative propagation by stem
(ii) When a piece of sodium is dropped into ethanol,
(ii) Budding.
forms sodium ethoxide and hydrogen.
(b) Fragmentation is a method of asexual
reproduction in which a multicellular organism
2CH 3 CH 2 OH + Na $ 2CH 3 CH 2 O- Na+ + H 2 - breaks up into smaller pieces upon maturation.
Sodium ethoxide
These pieces or fragments grow into new
2. The electronic configuration of an element is 2, 8, complete individuals. A multicellular organism
4. State its: which reproduces by this method is spirogyra.
(a) group and period in the Modern Periodic Table.
(b) name and write its one physical property. 5. What is grafting? What do the terms ‘stock’ and
Ans : ‘scion’ mean in grafting?
(a) If the configuration is 2, 8, 4, it means that it Ans :
belongs to 3rd period and 14th group. Grafting is a method in which two parts of two
(b) The name of element is Silicon. closely related plants are joined in such a way that
It is a non-metal so it is a poor conductor of they grow as one plant.
electricity. ‘Stock’ is the rooted plant in which grafting is
performed. ‘Scion’ is the portion of other plant
3. What will happen when : (bud, branch etc.) that is grafted on the stock.
(a) A mature Spirogyra filament attains or
considerable length? Variations are important for the survival of species
(b) Planaria gets cut into two pieces? overtime. Justify this statement with reasons.
Ans : Ans :
(a) If a mature Spirogyra attains considerable Variations (change in DNA structure) help the
length, its filament breaks into smaller individuals to survive even after the drastic change
fragments and each fragment gives rise to a occur in nature due to accumulations of various new
Page 12 Sample Paper 1 Solution CBSE Science Class 10
which leads to evolution of new species. Which is

more suitable to these new changes in environment.
These changes may be in the niche, temperature,
salinity or water levels, etc.
6. Study the diagram given below and answer the

questions that follow :
7. Draw a diagram to show energy flow in the food

chains.
Ans :
(a) Why do the iron filings arrange in such a

pattern?
(b) What does this pattern demonstrate ?
Ans :
(a) The iron fillings arrange themselves in a pattern
because they get attracted by the bar magnet.
The pattern that they form can also be called
the magnetic field lines of the bar magnet.
(b) The pattern is demonstrated that the magnetic
field is the strong at poles of the magnet and
the magnetic field becomes weaker if we goes
far from the magnet. Magnetic filed lines
emerge from the north pole of the magnet and or
ends at the south pole of the magnet. “Energy flow in a food chain is unidirectional.”
or Justify this statement.
Diagram below shows a circuit containing a coil Ans :
wound over a long and thin hollow cardboard tube. In a food chain the energy moves progressively
Copy the diagram. through the various trophic levels. It is no longer
available to the previous level (autotrophs) and
the energy captured by the autotrophs does not go
back to the solar input and also quantity of total
available energy decreases gradually on each trophic
level due to 10% law. Hence, the flow of energy is
unidirectional.
Section B
(i) Show the polarity acquired by each face of the
solenoid.
(ii) Draw the magnetic field lines of force inside the 8. The following questions refer to the elements of the
coil and also show their direction. Periodic Table with atomic numbers 3 to 18.
(a) Which of them are noble gases ?
Ans :
(b) Which of them are halogens ?
(i) The polarity acquired by the two ends is as (c) Which of them are alkali metals ?
shown below. (A shows North and B shows Ans :
South polarity).
(ii) (a) Noble gases : Elements having atomic numbers
10 and 18.
(b) Halogens : Elements having atomic numbers 9 10. Name the plant Mendel used for his experiment.
and 17. What type of progeny was obtained by Mendel
(c) Alkali metals : Elements having atomic numbers in F1 and F2 generations when he crossed the tall
3 and 11. and short plants? Write the ratio he obtained in F2
generation plants.
9. Two elements X and Y have atomic numbers 12 Ans :
and 16 respectively. Mendel used pea plant (Pisum sativum). When
(a) To which period of the modern periodic table he crossed tall and short pea plants, the progeny
do these two elements belong ? obtained in F1 generation were tall. When the F1
(b) What type of bond will be formed between plants were self-crossed the F2 generations showed
them and why ? three tall and one dwarf plant. The genotypic ratio
(c) Give the chemical formula of the compound of F2 generation is 1 : 2 : 1 (TT : Tt : tt)
formed ? The phenotypic ratio is 3 : 1 (Tall : Dwarf)
Ans :
Element Atomic Electronic

number configuration
X 12 2, 8, 2
Y 16 2, 8, 6
(a) Both X and Y belong to 3rd period because
both have three shells.
(b) Ionic bond will be formed.
Reason: X is a metal while Y is a non-metal.
X has tendency to lose 2 electrons while Y
has tendency to gain 2 electrons to attain
the stable electronic configuration i.e., to
complete the octet. Therefore, due to transfer
of electrons from the outermost shell, an ionic
bond is formed between X and Y . 11. (a) Write the mathematical expression for Joule’s
(c) Chemical formula : X Y law of heating.
(b) Compute the heat generated while transferring
96000 coulomb of charge in two hours through
a potential difference of 40 V.
Ans :
(a) According to the Joule’s law of heating, heat
produced in a resistor is directly proportional
or to the :
Account for the following : (i) square of current I for a given resistance.
(a) Noble gases are placed in a separate group. (ii) resistance R for a given current.
(b) All the elements of the same group have similar (iii) the time t for which the current flows
chemical properties. through the resistor.
Ans : Mathematical form of Joule’s law of heating
(a) Noble gases like helium, neon and argon were is:
discovered very late because they are very inert H = I 2Rt
and present in extremely low concentrations (b) Given, charge,
in our atmosphere. Hence, they were placed in q = 96000 C
a new group without, disturbing the existing
order. Time, t = 2 hrs = 120 min = 7200 s
(b) All the elements of a group have similar Potential difference,
chemical properties because they have same V = 40 volt
number of valence electrons in their outermost We know that,
shell. Heat H = VIt , where I is current ...(1)
q nothing much will change. If it is the magnet bar,

Also, I = t where q is charge and t is time in it will demagnetize a bit reducing the force between
seconds. ...(2) the two bars. If you get no effect after many taps,
q
Substituting I = t in equation (1) we get, you could switch to trying the other just to make
sure that you get some effect one way or the other.
q
H = dV # n # t
t
Vqt 13. (i) Create a terrestrial food chain depicting four
= = Vq
t trophic levels.
= 40 # 96000 = 3840000 Joule (ii) Why do we not find food chains of more than
= 3840 kJ four trophic levels in nature?
Ans :
12. In the given circuit, find : (i) Terrestrial food chain

Grass $ Insec t $ Frog $ Bird
I II III IV
(ii) According to the 10% law, the amount of the

energy available will not be sufficient for the
survival of the organism in the 5th trophic level.
Section C
This section has 02 case-based questions (14 and 15). Each
case is followed by 03 sub-questions (a, b and c). Parts a
and b are compulsory. However, an internal choice has
(a) Total resistance of the network of resistors been provided in part c.
(b) Current through ammeter A
Ans : 14. Read the following case based passage and answer
the questions given after passage.
(a) In the given circuit diagram 4 W and 2 W
The rules for inheritance of such traits in human
resistances are connected in series combination
beings are related to the fact that both the father
and 3 W and 3 W resistance are also connected
and the mother contribute practically equal amounts
in the series combination.
of genetic material to the child. This means that
R1 = 4 + 2 = 6 W each trait can be influenced by both parental and
R2 = 3 + 3 = 6 W maternal DNA.
Now the equivalent resistance of circuit
1 = 1 + 1
R eq R1 R2
=1+1 =2
6 6 6
R eq = 6 = 3 W
2
(b) According to ohm’s law, (i) What is inheritance?
(ii) Who was the person who gave the three laws of
V = IR eq inheritance?
I = V = 6 = 2A (iii) What is the meaning of paternal and maternal
R eq 3 DNA?
or
or What is the phenotypic ratio of the dihybrid
You are given two identical looking iron bars. Just cross?
using these two bars how will you identify whether
Ans :
any or both of these bars is/are a magnet ?
Ans : (i) Traits of organisms can pass from the parents
to their offspring and this mechanism is known
Repeatedly tap one of the bars. If it is the iron bar as an inheritance.
(ii) Gregor Mendel was a monk and he discovered The direction of curl of fingers of the right-
three laws that describe the inheritance of hand gives the direction of magnetic field lines.
factors from parents to offsprings. (ii) The current flows in the east-west direction.
(iii) The parental DNA is defined as the DNA that From right-thumb rule, we get the direction
is received from the father while the DNA that of magnetic field as from north to south. The
is received by the mother is called the maternal direction of magnetic field will be same at every
DNA. point below the power line.
or (iii) At smaller distances, the magnetic field will be
Gregor Mendel discovered that the dihybrid described by concentric circles around the wire.
cross yields a phenotypic ratio of 9 : 3 : 3 : 1. As the distance increases, the circles become
larger and larger. At the centre of the loop/
coil, the magnetic field will appear as straight
15. Read the following case based passage and answer
line.
or
When a current is passed through the circular loop
The force will act in upward direction
of wire, a magnetic field lines near the coil are nearly
perpendicular to both, the direction of current
circular and concentric. At the centre of the circular
as well as to the field. The direction of force
loop, the magnetic field lines are straight.
experienced by the conductor gets reversed,
The strength of the magnetic field produced by
i.e., in the downward direction.
a current-carrying circular coil (or circular wire)
depends on :
(a) current flowing through the coil.
(b) radius of the circular coil. 
(c) number of turns of wire in the circular coil.
The direction of the field lines can be found by
applying Right-Hand Thumb Rule.

(ii) A long horizontal power line is carrying a
current of 100 A in the east-west direction.
What is the direction of magnetic field at a
point 1.0 m below it?
(iii) What type of curve we get, between magnetic
field and distance along the axis of a current
or
If a current carrying straight conductor is placed
in east-west direction, then find the direction of
the force experienced by the conductor due to
earth’s magnetic field.
Ans :
(i) According to right hand thumb rule, imagine a
straight conductor in your right-hand such that
the thumb points in the direction of current.
Sample Paper 2
SCIENCE (CODE 086)
Section A
1. Answer the following question :

(a) Why are certain compounds called hydrocarbons? Write the general formula for homologous
series of alkanes, alkenes and allkeynes.
(b) Write the name of the reaction that converts alkenes into alkanes and also write a chemical
equation to show the necessary conditions for the reaction to occur.
2. (a) State Modern Periodic Law.

(b) Why is position assigned to hydrogen in Periodic Table considered anomalous ?
3. (a) Trace the path of sperms from where they are produced in human body to the exterior.
(b) Write the functions of secretions of prostate gland and seminal vesicles in humans.
4. In the diagram of human male reproductive system given below :

(a) Label parts A and B.
(b) Name the hormone produced by organ ‘X’. What is the role of this hormone in the human
male?
5. A coil of insulated wire is connected to a galvanometer as show in figure. What would be seen
if a bar magnet with its south pole towards one face of the coil is :
(a) moved quickly towards it ?

(b) moved quickly away from it ?
or
(i) A compass needle gets deflected when brought near a current carrying conductor why ?
(ii) What happens to the deflection of needle when current in the conductor is increased?
6. Leaves of Bryophyllum fallen on the ground produce new plants, whereas the leaves of Jasmine
do not. Why ?
or
What are the disadvantages of natural vegetative propagation?
7. Government of India is imposing ban on the use of polythene bags for stopping. List for
advantages of using cloth or jute bags over polythene bags.
or
Pesticides like DDT which are sprayed to kill pests on crops are found to be present in the soil,
ground water, water bodies etc. Explain how do they reach these places.
Section B
8. Study the data of the following three categories A, B and C.

Category Name of the element Atomic Mass
Li 7
A Na 23
K 39
N 14
B P 31
As 74
B 10.8
C Al 27
Ga 69.7
(a) From the given three categories A, B and C, pick the one which forms Dobereinefs Triads.
(b) Why did Mendeleev placed elements of category A, B and C in three different groups?
(c) Is Newland law of octaves applicable to all the three categories? Give reason to justify
your answer.
9. An element X has mass number 35 and number of neutrons 18.

(a) Write the atomic number of X .
(b) Give electronic configuration of X .
(c) To which group and period does it belong?
or
(a) State the Modern Periodic Law.
(b) Name the element which has twice as many electrons in its second shell as in its first shell.
Write its electronic configuration also.
10. How do Mendel’s experiments show that traits may be dominant or recessive?
11. (a) In a given ammeter, a student saw that needle indicates 12th division in ammeter while
performing an experiment to verify Ohm’s law. If ammeter has 10 divisions between 0 to
0.5 A, then what is the ammeter reading corresponding to 12th division ?
(b) How do you connect an ammeter and a voltmeter in an electric circuit ?
12. Study the given electric circuit and calculate :

(i) the current flowing through the 4 W resister and
(ii) potential difference across the combination of two resistor of 8 W each.
or
Demonstrate that due to motion of a magnet near a solenoid coil an induced current is set up
in the coil.
13. (a) “Improvements in our lifestyle have resulted in greater amounts of waste generation.” Give
two examples to support the given statement. Suggest one change that we can incorporate
in our lifestyle in order to reduce non-biodegradable waste.
(b) The following organisms form a food chain.
Insect, Hawk, Grass, Snake, Frog
Which of these will have highest concentration of non-biodegradable chemicals? Name the
phenomenon.
Section C
This section has 02 case-based questions (14 and 15). Each case is followed by 03 sub-questions (a,
b and c). Parts a and b are compulsory. However, an internal choice has been provided in part c.
14. Study the following table and answer the following questions.
Contraceptive method Duration of efficiency Hormonal exposure
1. Copper IUD 10 years No
2. Pills Use days Yes
3. Diaphragm Reusable No
(i) Name the contraceptive device that is commonly used by the males.
(ii) What is the part of the male reproduction organ that is cut in the process of vasectomy?
(iii) What are STDs?
or
Syphilis is caused by any microbe. Name it.
The mobile phone is an excellent communication device. Mobile phones uses electromagnetic
radiation in the microwave range. Part of the radio wave emitted by the mobile phone handset
will be absorbed by the head.
Head is in the ‘near field’ of radiation, so that most of the heating effect occurs in the head.
Temperature in the internal ear, brain increases by 1 degree or more. This adversely affect the
functioning of these organs since these have fluid filled cavities. But prolonged heating effect
can alter brain functions and hearing ability also. Other harmful effects such as Premature
Cataract, Confusion and loss of memory may also be possible. Following figure shows that how
mobile phone radiation penetrates the brain.
How mobile phone radiation penetrates the brain
Source: Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineer’s journal on Microwave Theory and
Techniques
(i) Which radiations are used in mobile phones?
(ii) How does prolonged heating effect due to mobile radiations can effect adversely?
(iii) What precautions should be taken while using mobile phones?

or
In which part of our body, most of the heating effect occurs due to use of mobiles?
**********

Science (086)
such questions.
Section A halogens. In one hand, it can lose one electron

like alkali metals, in the other, like halogens
it forms diatomic molecule and combines
1. Answer the following question : with metals and non-metals to form covalent
(a) Why are certain compounds called compounds and also gains one electron like
hydrocarbons? Write the general formula for halogens. So, no fixed position can be given to
homologous series of alkanes, alkenes and hydrogen.
allkeynes.
(b) Write the name of the reaction that converts 3. (a) Trace the path of sperms from where they are
alkenes into alkanes and also write a chemical produced in human body to the exterior.
equation to show the necessary conditions for (b) Write the functions of secretions of prostate
the reaction to occur. gland and seminal vesicles in humans.
Ans : Ans :
(a) Certain compounds are called as hydrocarbons (a) The sperms produced in testes are delivered
because they are formed mainly from carbon through the vas deferens which unites with a
and hydrogen. another tube urethra emerging from urinary
Formula for homologous series of alkanes : bladder. Urethra carries the sperms to an organ
C n H 2n + 2 called penis. The penis passes the sperms from
Formula for homologous series of alkenes : the man’s body into vagina in the woman’s
C n H 2n body during mating.
Formula for homologous series of alkynes : (b)
C n H 2n - 2 (i) Seminal vesicles : It secretes alkaline
(b) Hydrogenation converts alkenes into alkane. secretions which lower the pH of the semen
Pt/Pd/Ni
CH 2 = CH 2 + H 2 CH 3 - CH 3 and provide nourishment to sperms.
Dihydrogen gas adds to alkene in the presence (ii) Prostate glands : The secretions of these
of finely divided catalysts like platinum, glands keeps the sperms active and mobile.
palladium or nickel to form alkanes. It secretes fluid comprising up to a third of
semen volume and assists sperm motility.
(b) Why is position assigned to hydrogen in Periodic 4. In the diagram of human male reproductive system
Table considered anomalous ? given below :
Ans : (a) Label parts A and B.
(b) Name the hormone produced by organ ‘X’.
(a) Modern periodic law states that the physical What is the role of this hormone in the human
and chemical properties of an element are the male?
periodic function of the atomic number of that
element.
(b) Hydrogen resembles both alkali metals and
one face of the coil is :
(a) moved quickly towards it ?

(b) moved quickly away from it ?
Ans :
(a) We get a momentary deflection in galvanometer.
(b) We again get a momentary deflection in
galvanometer but in the reverse direction.
or
(i) A compass needle gets deflected when brought
Ans : near a current carrying conductor why ?
(ii) What happens to the deflection of needle when
(a) A : Seminal vesicle, B : Prostate gland. current in the conductor is increased?
(b) The organ ‘X’ testis produces testosterone
hormone. Ans :
Role : (i) Current carrying conductor produces a
(i) It controls sperm formation. magnetic field around it.
(ii) It is responsible for secondary sexual (ii) Deflection increases with increase in current.
characters.
7. Government of India is imposing ban on the use of
5. Leaves of Bryophyllum fallen on the ground produce polythene bags for stopping. List for advantages of
new plants, whereas the leaves of Jasmine do not. using cloth or jute bags over polythene bags.
Why ? Ans :
Ans :
Advantages of jute and cloth bags are :
In case of Bryophyllum. It bears adventitious buds (i) They are re–usable.
produced in the notches along the leaf margin, when (ii) They are biodegradable.
these leaves fall on the soil they develop into a new (iii) They are stronger than polythene bags and can
plant. But in case of Jasmine, no such buds are carry more load.
produced in the notches of leaves. (iv) They can be repaired at home if torn.
or or
What are the disadvantages of natural vegetative Pesticides like DDT which are sprayed to kill pests
propagation? on crops are found to be present in the soil, ground
Ans : water, water bodies etc. Explain how do they reach
these places.
The disadvantages of natural vegetative propagation
are : Ans :
(i) There is less adaptability to the environment Soil : Pesticides like DDT are used to protect crops
since there is no genetic variation. plants from insects and pests. They, in the end, get
(ii) The disease of the parent plant gets transferred settled into the soil particles, when used on plants
to the offspring. and cause soil pollution.
(iii) Undesirable characters cannot be eliminated. Ground water : Through irrigation these pesticides
(iv) New characters cannot be introduced. present in the soil pass into lower layers of soil and
reaches ground water and ground water pollution.
Water bodies : When the waste water or other
6. A coil of insulated wire is connected to a
agricultural waste is thrown or rain off with rain
galvanometer as show in figure. What would be
water in water bodies like rivers, canals, ponds etc
seen if a bar magnet with its south pole towards
the pesticides affect water bodies and polluted it.
Section B Write its electronic configuration also.

Ans :
8. Study the data of the following three categories A, (a) Modern periodic law states that the physical
B and C. and chemical properties of an element are the
Category Name of the Atomic element.
element Mass (b) Carbon.
Li 7 Electronic configuration : K L
A Na 23 2 4
K 39
N 14 10. How do Mendel’s experiments show that traits may
B P 31 be dominant or recessive?
As 74 Ans :
B 10.8 Traits may be dominant or recessive. When Mendel

C cross-bred plants of two different traits of character,
Al 27 a tall pea plant (TT) and a dwarf pea plant (tt)
Ga 69.7 to get a progeny, in F1 generation, all plants were
tall. Thus, only the dominant trait was visible in
(a) From the given three categories A, B and C,
this generation. But when plants of F1 generation
pick the one which forms Dobereinefs Triads.
were self-crossed, then the two traits of character
(b) Why did Mendeleev placed elements of category
got separated in the plants of F2 generation. All
A, B and C in three different groups?
plants obtained in the F2 generation were not tall.
(c) Is Newland law of octaves applicable to all the
One-fourth of the F2 plants were short.
three categories? Give reason to justify your
Appearance of tall characters in both the F1 and F2
answer.
generations shows that it is a dominant character.
Ans : Whereas, the absence of dwarf character in F1
(a) Category A forms Dobereiner’s triads. generation and its reappearance in F2 generation
(b) Mendeleev placed the elements of category A, shows dwarfness is the recessive character.
B and C in different groups because they all
have different atomic masses. 11. (a) In a given ammeter, a student saw that needle
(c) The law of octaves states that every eighth indicates 12th division in ammeter while
element has similar properties when the performing an experiment to verify Ohm’s law.
elements are arranged in the increasing order of If ammeter has 10 divisions between 0 to 0.5 A ,
their atomic masses. Therefore, it is applicable then what is the ammeter reading corresponding
to all three categories. to 12th division ?
(b) How do you connect an ammeter and a voltmeter
9. An element X has mass number 35 and number of in an electric circuit ?
neutrons 18. Ans :
(a) Write the atomic number of X .
(a) The ammeter is having 10 division in between
(b) Give electronic configuration of X .
0 - 0.5 A .
(c) To which group and period does it belong?
Ans : Least count of ammeter = 0.5 - 0
10
(a) Atomic number of the element X = Mass = 0.05 A
number - Number of neutrons = 35 - 18 = 17 Hence, the reading of 17 division will be
(b) Electronic configuration of X = 2, 8, 7.
(c) The element X belongs to 17th group and 3rd = 17 # 0.05
period. = 0.85 A
or (b) Ammeter is connected in series combination
(a) State the Modern Periodic Law. and voltmeter is connected in the parallel
(b) Name the element which has twice as many combination.
electrons in its second shell as in its first shell.
12. Study the given electric circuit and calculate : a current in the coil and it is the phenomenon of
(i) the current flowing through the 4 W resister electro-magnetic induction.
and
(ii) potential difference across the combination of
two resistor of 8 W each.
Now fix the magnet in any one position so that it

is stationary with respect to the coil. We find that
there is no deflection in galvanometer.
Again keep the magnet fixed and gently move the
coil AB either towards the magnet or away from
the magnet. We get deflection in galvanometer even
Ans : now. Thus, it is proved that induced current due
(i) As we know that, to electromagnetic induction is produced whenever
there is relative motion between the coil and the
V = IR
magnet.
2 = I#4
I = 0.5 A 13. (a) “Improvements in our lifestyle have resulted
(ii) Two 8 W resistors are in parallel, so then in greater amounts of waste generation.” Give
equivalent resistance. two examples to support the given statement.
1 =1+1 =2W = 1W Suggest one change that we can incorporate in
R eq 8 8 8 4 our lifestyle in order to reduce non-biodegradable
R eq = 4 W waste.
Now, two 4 W resistors are in series. (b) The following organisms form a food chain.
So, total resistance, Insect, Hawk, Grass, Snake, Frog
Which of these will have highest concentration
RTotal = 4 W + 4 W = 8 W of non-biodegradable chemicals? Name the
Total current, phenomenon.
ITotal = V = 2 = 1 A Ans :
R 8 4
Voltage across equivalent resistance of two 8 W (a) Now-a-days, changes and improvement in our
resistors lifestyle has resulted in more and more use of
disposable items like polythene bags, plastic
V = ITotal = 1 # 4 = 1 V items and paper plates etc. These materials are
R eq 4
increasing the generation of wastes.
or Suggestion : We can reduce non-biodegradable
Demonstrate that due to motion of a magnet near a wastes by adopting techniques like recycling and
solenoid coil an induced current is set up in the coil. reuse. We must encourage the reuse of plastic
and glass containers to store the household
Ans :
items. Packaging materials should be made out
Take a solenoid coil of insulated copper wire AB of recyclable materials like cloth and paper.
having a number of turns (about 20 or more). (b) The proper sequence of this food chain is:
Connect the ends of coil to a sensitive galvanometer. Grass " Insect " Frog " Snake " Hawk
Now take a bar magnet NS and rapidly bring the The last trophic level ‘Hawk’ will have highest
magnet towards the end B of coil as shown in Figure. concentration of non-biodegradable chemicals.
The galvanometer suddenly gives momentary This phenomenon is called Biomagnification.
deflection in one direction. Now take the magnet
away from the coil, the galvanometer again gives
momentary deflection but in the opposite direction. Section C
It clearly shows that motion of magnet induces,
This section has 02 case-based questions (14 and 15). Each case is followed by 03 sub-questions (a, b and c).
Parts a and b are compulsory. However, an internal choice has been provided in part c.
14. Study the following table and answer the following

questions.
Table-A
Contraceptive Duration of Hormonal

method efficiency exposure
1. Copper IUD 10 years No
2. Pills Use days Yes
3. Diaphragm Reusable No
(i) Name the contraceptive device that is
commonly used by the males.
(ii) What is the part of the male reproduction
organ that is cut in the process of vasectomy?
Source: Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineer’s
(iii) What are STDs?
journal on Microwave Theory and Techniques
or
Syphilis is caused by any microbe. Name it. (i) Which radiations are used in mobile phones?
Ans :
(ii) How does prolonged heating effect due to
mobile radiations can effect adversely?
(i) The contraceptive device that is commonly (iii) What precautions should be taken while using
used by the males is the condom. mobile phones?
(ii) Male vas deferens are cut down and tied to or
prevent sperm from entering into urethra. In which part of our body, most of the heating effect
(iii) There are a number of diseases that are caused occurs due to use of mobiles?
by sexual intercourses. These diseases are called
Ans :
STDs “Sexually Transmitted Disease”.
or (i) Electromagnetic radiations of microwave range
Treponema pallidum is the bacterium that causes a are used in mobile phones.
disease called syphilis in humans. (ii) Heating effect can alter brain functions and
hearing ability also. Other harmful effects such
as premature cataract, confusion and loss of
15. Read the following case based passage and answer memory may also be possible.
the questions given after passage. (iii) Try to consider mobile phone as a communication
The mobile phone is an excellent communication device and not an entertainment device. Even
device. Mobile phones uses electromagnetic if you are not talking, the cell phone is emitting
radiation in the microwave range. Part of the radio strong signals to keep a link with the base
wave emitted by the mobile phone handset will be station.
absorbed by the head. or
Head is in the ‘near field’ of radiation, so that most Head.
of the heating effect occurs in the head.
Temperature in the internal ear, brain increases
by 1 degree or more. This adversely affect the
functioning of these organs since these have fluid

filled cavities. But prolonged heating effect can
alter brain functions and hearing ability also.
Other harmful effects such as Premature Cataract,
Confusion and loss of memory may also be possible.
Following figure shows that how mobile phone
radiation penetrates the brain.
How mobile phone radiation penetrates the brain

Sample Paper 3
SCIENCE (CODE 086)

Section A
1. Give the IUPAC names of

(a) CH 3 - CH 2 - Br
(b) CH 3 - CH 2 - CH 2 - CH 2 - C / CH
2. Account for the following :

(a) Elements of group 17 are monovalent.
(b) Elements of group 18 are called zero valent.
3. (a) Write full form of DNA.

(b) Why are variations essential for the species?
4. (a) List three distinguishing features between sexual and asexual types of reproduction.
(b) Explain why variations are observed in the offsprings of sexually reproducing organisms ?
5. What are the functions of testis in the human male reproductive system? Why are these located
outside the abdominal cavity?
or
In a bisexual flower inspite of the young stamens being removed artificially, the flower produces
fruit.
Give reasons.
6. State what would happen to the direction of rotation of a motor, if

(i) the current were reversed ?
(ii) both current and magnetic field were reversed simultaneously.
or
The given magnet is divided into three part A, B and C .
A B C
Name the parts where the strength of the magnetic field is :
(i) maximum,
(ii) minimum.
How will the density of magnetic field lines differ at these parts ?
7. In the following food chain, 5 J of energy is available to man. How much energy was available
at producer level ?
Plant " Sheep " Man.
or
Aquarium need to be cleaned once in a while whereas ponds or lakes do not require any
cleaning : Explain
Section B
8. Three elements X , Y and Z have atomic numbers 7, 8 and 9 respectively.

(a) Arrange them in the decreasing order of their atomic radii.
(b) Which of the three is most electronegative? Why?
(c) Write the formula of compound formed between
(i) X and Y
(ii) X and Z
9. Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl and Ar are the elements of third period :
(i) Which one of them is an inert gas ? Why?
(ii) Which one of them has the valency 4 ? What kind of bond does it form ionic or covalent
?
or
Give reasons for the following :
(a) Lithium atom is smaller than sodium atom.
(b) Chlorine (atomic number 17) is more electronegative than sulphur (atomic number 16).
10. Distinguish between the acquired traits and the inherited traits in tabular form, giving one
example for each.
11. (a) List the factors on which the resistance of a conductor in the shape of wire depends.
(b) Why are metals good conductors of electricity whereas glass is a bad conductor of
electricity? Give reason.
(c) Why are alloys commonly used in electrical heating devices? Give reason.
12. What would be the reading of ammeter and voltmeter in the given circuit?
or
Answer the following questions :
(i) What is the direction of magnetic field lines outside a bar-magnet ?
(ii) The magnetic field lines in a given region are getting crowded. What does it indicate ?
(iii) State one advantage of AC over DC.
13. You have been selected to talk on “ozone layer and its protection in the school assembly” on
“Environment Day”.
(i) Why should ozone layer be protected to save the environment ?
(ii) List any two ways that you would stress in your talk to bring in awareness amongst your
fellow friends that would also help in protection of ozone layer as well as the environment.
Section C
part c.
14. Study the follwoing table and answer the following questions.
Table-A
Characters Males Females

1. Total no. of chromosomes 23 pairs 23 pairs
2. No. of autosome 22 pairs 22 pairs
3. No. of sex chromosome 1 pair 1 pair
(i) What is sex determination?
(ii) What are the sex chromosomes in the males?
(iii) What are the sex chromosomes in the females?
(iv) Is the father responsible for the sex of the child?
A room has two tube lights, a fan and a TV. Each tube light draws 40 W, the fan draws 80 W
and the TV draws 60 W on the average, the tube lights are kept on for five hours, the fan for
twelve hours and the TV for eight hours every day. The rate for electrical energy is < 3.10 per
kWh.
(i) Calculate the energy consumed by each tube light in a day.
(ii) What is the total energy consumed in a day?
(iii) Find the cost of electricity used in this room in a 30-day month.
or
What quantities determines the rate at which energy is delivered by current?
**********

Science (086)
such questions.
Section A 4. (a) List three distinguishing features between

sexual and asexual types of reproduction.
(b) Explain why variations are observed in the
1. Give the IUPAC names of offsprings of sexually reproducing organisms ?
(a) CH 3 - CH 2 - Br Ans :
(b) CH 3 - CH 2 - CH 2 - CH 2 - C / CH (a)
Ans :
Asexual Sexual
(a) The IUPAC name of CH 3 - CH 2 - Br is Bromo
Reproduction Reproduction
ethane.
(b) The IUPAC name of 1. Offspring arises from It involves two
CH 3 - CH 2 - CH 2 - CH 2 - C / CH is Hexa-1- a single individual individuals of
yne. parent different sexes-male
and female.
2. Account for the following : 2. Fusion of gametes is Fusion of gamete
(a) Elements of group 17 are monovalent. not involved. takes place
(b) Elements of group 18 are called zero valent. 3. Meiosis does not Meiosis occurs at
Ans : occur at any time the time of gamete
(a) For group 17 elements : during reproduction. formation.
Electronic configuration : 2, 8, 7 (b) During sexual reproduction, the DNA copying
Valence shell electron : 7 mechanism is not accurate due to meiosis
Valency : 8 - 7 = 1 during haploid sex cells formation and the
(b) For group 18 elements : resultant errors as well as genetic recombination
Electronic configuration : 2, 8, 8 of chromosome of two different individuals i.e.,
(Mono valent) valence shell electron : 8 father and mother are a source of variations in
Valency : 8 - 8 = 0 populations of organisms.
(Zero valent)
5. What are the functions of testis in the human male
3. (a) Write full form of DNA. reproductive system? Why are these located outside
(b) Why are variations essential for the species? the abdominal cavity?
Ans : Ans :
(a) Deoxyribonucleic Acid. The functions of testes are (i) to produce male sex
(b) It important for the survival of species through cells called sperms and (ii) to produce the male
evolution. sex hormone called testosterone. The testosterone
hormone brings about sexual secondary sex changes
seen in the appearance of boys at the time of
puberty.
The testis are outside the abdominal cavity of the Plant " Sheep " Man.
body because the sperm formation requires a lower Energy available to man in the above food chain is
temperature than the normal body temperature. 5 J.
Being outside the abdominal cavity, the temperature According to 10% law, energy available to sheep is
of scrotum is about 3°C lower than the temperature 50 J.
inside the body. In this way, testis provide an Again according to 10% law, energy available to
optimum temperature for the formation of sperms. plants, i.e., at produce level is 500 J.
or or
In a bisexual flower inspite of the young stamens Aquarium need to be cleaned once in a while
being removed artificially, the flower produces fruit. whereas ponds or lakes do not require any cleaning
Give reasons. : Explain
Ans : Ans :
Even if the young stamens are removed, the pistil Aquarium need to be cleaned because it is not a
remains intact. So, when cross-pollination occurs, it self–sustained natural ecosystem. It is man-made or
leads to fertilization and hence formation of fruits artificial ecosystem
takes place. Ponds and lakes are self-sustained naturals
ecosystem in which nutrient cycle and energy flow
occur naturally.
6. State what would happen to the direction of rotation
of a motor, if
(i) the current were reversed ? Section B
(ii) both current and magnetic field were reversed
simultaneously.
Ans : 8. Three elements X , Y and Z have atomic numbers
(i) Direction of rotation would be reversed. 7, 8 and 9 respectively.
(ii) Direction of rotation would remain unchanged. (a) Arrange them in the decreasing order of their
or atomic radii.
The given magnet is divided into three part A, B (b) Which of the three is most electronegative?
and C . Why?
(c) Write the formula of compound formed between
A B C (i) X and Y
(ii) X and Z
Name the parts where the strength of the magnetic
field is : Ans :
(i) maximum, (ii) minimum. (a) The elements can be arranged according to the
How will the density of magnetic field lines differ at decreasing order of atomic radii as follows :
these parts ? X2Y2Z
Ans : Size of the atom decreases when moving from
left to right in a period. This is due to an
(i) Maximum magnetic field is in the region A and
increase in nuclear charge which tends to pull
C.
the electrons closer to the nucleus and reduces
(ii) Minimum magnetic field is in the region B .
the size of the atom.
This is because A and C are magnetic poles and
(b) Z is most electronegative since electro-
have maximum number of magnetic field lines which
negativity increases from left to right in
determine the intensity of magnetic field while
periodic table. As the effective nuclear charge
B is centre of the magnet that has no magnetic
acting on the valence shell electrons increases
field lines. So, intensity of magnetic field near B is
across a period, the tendency to lose electrons
almost zero.
will decrease.
(c) (i) When X combines with Y :
7. In the following food chain, 5 J of energy is available Valency of X = 3
to man. How much energy was available at producer Valency of Y = 2
level ? Cross-multiplying the valences
Plant " Sheep " Man.
Ans :
10. Distinguish between the acquired traits and the

inherited traits in tabular form, giving one example
for each.
Ans :
Acquired traits Inherited traits

The compound formed is X2 Y2 .
(ii) When X combines with Z 1. These are somatic These are genetic
Valency of X = 3 variations and do not variations and bring
Valency of Z = 2 bring any change in about changes in the
Cross-multiplying the valences DNA DNA.
2. These traits develop These traits are
throughout the life transferred by or
time of an individual inherited from
and are not inherited. the parents to the
Example : learning of offspring. Example:
dance and music. Eye colour, Hair
The compound formed is XZ3 . colour.
9. Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl and Ar are the elements of 11. (a) List the factors on which the resistance of a
third period : conductor in the shape of wire depends.
(i) Which one of them is an inert gas ? Why? (b) Why are metals good conductors of electricity
(ii) Which one of them has the valency 4 ? What whereas glass is a bad conductor of electricity?
kind of bond does it form ionic or covalent ? Give reason.
Ans : (c) Why are alloys commonly used in electrical
(i) Argon (A 18) is an inert gas. Its electronic heating devices? Give reason.
Ans :
K L M
configuration is f p which is (a) Resistance of a conductor depends directly on
2 8 8
its length, inversely proportional to the area
completely filled and stable.
of cross-section, directly proportional to the
K L M temperature and it depends on the nature of
(ii) Silicon Si 14 f2 8 4 p has the valency the conductor.
(b) Metals have free electrons which can move and
4. The element completes its octet to attain conduct electricity, whereas glass does not have
noble gas configuration by sharing of electrons free electrons which can flow freely to conduct
and forming covalent bond. electricity.
or (c) The resistivity of an alloy is generally higher than
Give reasons for the following : that of pure metal. Alloys do not oxidise (burn)
(a) Lithium atom is smaller than sodium atom. readily at higher temperatures. Therefore,
(b) Chlorine (atomic number 17) is more conductors of electric heating devices, such as
electronegative than sulphur (atomic number toasters and electric irons, are made of an alloy
16). rather than pure metal.
Ans :
(a) Electronic configuration of Li is 2, 1 and that 12. Answer the following questions :
of Na is 2, 8, 1. Since sodium has more number (i) What is the direction of magnetic field lines
of shells, it has a larger size. outside a bar-magnet ?
(b) Electronic configuration of Cl = 2, 8, 7 (ii) The magnetic field lines in a given region are
Electronic configuration of S = 2, 8, 6 getting crowded. What does it indicate ?
As sulphur is placed before chlorine in the (iii) State one advantage of AC over DC.
Periodic Table, it has a bigger size and its Ans :
tendency to gain electrons is less than chlorine.
(i) North pole to south pole.
(ii) The strength of magnetic field is higher in this
region. (c) Removing the pollutant nitrogen monoxide.

(iii) AC voltage can be stopped up and transmitted
over long distances without much loss of energy.
or Section C
What would be the reading of ammeter and This section has 02 case-based questions (14 and 15). Each
voltmeter in the given circuit? case is followed by 03 sub-questions (a, b and c). Parts a
been provided in part c.
14. Study the follwoing table and answer the following

questions.
Table-A
Characters Males Females

1. Total no. of 23 pairs 23 pairs
chromosomes
2. No. of autosome 22 pairs 22 pairs
3. No. of sex 1 pair 1 pair
chromosome
Ans :
(i) What is sex determination?
Here, R1 = 1 W , R2 = 2 W (ii) What are the sex chromosomes in the males?
The resistance are connected in the series (iii) What are the sex chromosomes in the females?
combination hence the equivalent resistance is given (iv) Is the father responsible for the sex of the
by child?
R = R1 + R2 Ans :
= 1+2 = 3W (i) The process by which the sex of a newborn
I =V = 3 = 1A organism is detected is called sex determination.
R 3 (ii) The males have two sex chromosomes which
Ammeter reading = 1 A are X and Y.
(iii) The sex chromosomes in the females are X and
Voltmeter Reading = IR = 1 # 2 = 2 V X.
Voltmeter reading = 2 V (iv) Yes, the mother is solely responsible for the
sex of the child because the mother gives only
the X chromosome to the child. It is the father
13. You have been selected to talk on “ozone layer
that gives either the X or Y chromosome to the
and its protection in the school assembly” on
child.
“Environment Day”.
(i) Why should ozone layer be protected to save
the environment ? 15. Read the following case based passage and answer
(ii) List any two ways that you would stress in your the questions given after passage.
talk to bring in awareness amongst your fellow A room has two tube lights, a fan and a TV. Each
friends that would also help in protection of tube light draws 40 W, the fan draws 80 W and
ozone layer as well as the environment. the TV draws 60 W on the average, the tube lights
Ans : are kept on for five hours, the fan for twelve hours
and the TV for eight hours every day. The rate for
(i) Ozone layer helps in shielding the Earth from electrical energy is < 3.10 per kWh.
the harmful UV radiations coming from sun. (i) Calculate the energy consumed by each tube
If ozone layer gets depleted UV radiations light in a day.
an directly reach the Earth’s surface and (ii) What is the total energy consumed in a day?
drastically affect the life on Earth. (iii) Find the cost of electricity used in this room in
(ii) Ozone layer can be protected by : a 30-day month.
(a) Stop the release of Chlorofluorocarbon. or
(b) Reduce the usage of air conditioner. What quantities determines the rate at which
energy is delivered by current?

Ans :
(i) For each tube light,
Power, P = 40 W = 40 kW
1000
Energy consumed by each tube light in a day
is,
= P#t
= b 40 kW l # 5 h
1000
= 0.2 kW h
(ii) Energy consumed by tube light in a day is,
= 0.2 kWh
Energy consumed by the fan in a day is,
= 80 kW # 12 h
1000
= 0.96 kWh
Energy consumed by the TV in a day is,
= 60 kW # 8 h
1000
= 0.48 kWh
Total energy consumed in a day is,
= 2 # 0.2 kWh + 0.96 kWh
+ 0.48 kWh
= 1.84 kWh
(iii) Energy consumed in a day
= 1.84 kWh
Energy consumed in a day
= 30 # 1.84 kWh
= 55.2 kWh
The cost of electricity
= < 3.1 # 55.2 = < 171.12
or
The rate at which energy is delivered is determined
by :
(a) the potential difference across the conductor.
(b) the current flowing in the circuit.

Sample Paper 4
SCIENCE (CODE 086)
Section A
1. Illustrate the following reactions with example :

(a) Substitution reaction
(b) Addition reaction
2. Inert gases are placed in a separate group in the modern periodic table :
(a) How many valence electrons do most of them have?
(b) Why are they unreactive ?
3. (a) What is vegetative propagation ?

(b) Write any two advantages of practising this method.
4. (a) Explain the terms :

(i) implantation,
(ii) placenta
(b) What is the average duration of human pregnancy?
5. How does the process of budding differ from the process of spore formation?
or
What are sexually transmitted diseases? Name an STD which damages the immune system of
human body.
6. What is a compass needle ? What happens when a compass needle is placed :

(a) in a region having no magnetic field,
(b) near a bar magnet ?
or
Identify the poles of the magnet in the given Figure (i) and (ii).
7. Consider the food chain :
What will happen it lions are removed from the above food chain ?
or
What is depicted in the above mentioned scheme ?
Section B
8. Differentiate between the arrangement of elements in Mendeleev’s periodic table and Modern
periodic table.
9. The electronic configuration of four elements A, B, C and D are given as follows:

A–2, 8, B–2, 8, C–2, 8, 2, D–2, 8, 8.
(a) Which of them belong to the same period? Name the period.
(b) Which of them belong to the same group? Name the group.
or
(a) How does atomic radius change as we move from left to right in a period ?
(b) The positions of three elements P, Q and R in the Periodic Table are shown below:
Group 15 Group 16 Group 17
.......... .......... ..........
.......... .......... Q
.......... .......... ..........
P .......... R
Which one of the three elements is most non-metallic?
10. How did Mendel’s experiments show that different traits are inherited independently? Explain.
11. Calculate the total cost of running the following electrical devices in the month of September,
if the rate of 1 unit of electricity is ` 6.00.
(i) Electric heater of 1000 W for 5 hours daily.
(ii) Electric refrigerator of 400 W for 10 hours daily.
12. For the circuit diagram given below calculate :

(a) the value of current through each resistor.
(b) the total current in the circuit.
(c) the total effective resistance of the circuit.
or
Why does a current carrying conductor kept in magnetic field experience force. On what factors
does the direction of this force depend ? Name and state the rule used for determination of
direction of this force.
13. (a) What are decomposers ?

(b) State in brief the role of decomposers in the environment.
Section C
part c.
A gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity genes are maple up of DNA.
Most of the characters or traits of an organism are controlled by the genes. Genes are actually
segments of DNA guiding the formation of proteins by the cellular organelles. These proteins
may be enzymes, hormones, antibodies, and structural components of different types of tissues.
In other words, DNA/ genes are responsible for structure and functions of a living body.
Genotype of an individual controls its phenotype.
Gene " Responsible for synthesis of " More production " Result in Tall
T efficient enzyme (Proteins) of growth hormone Plants
Gene " Responsible for synthesis of " Less production of " Result in Short
t less efficient enzyme growth hormone Plants
(i) Two pea plants one with round green seeds (RRyy) and another with wrinkled yellow
(rrYY) seeds produce F1 progeny that have round, yellow (RrYy) seeds. When F1 plants
are selfed, the F2 progeny will have new combination of characters. Choose the new
combination from the following.
I. Wrinkled, green
II. Wrinkled, yellow
III. Round, green
IV. Round, yellow
(a) I and II (b) I and IV
(c) II and III (d) I and III
(ii) A section of DNA providing information for one protein is called-
(a) Gene
(b) Nucleus
(c) Chromosomes
(d) Trait
(iii)
Which one of the following is present in the nucleus?
(a) Chromosomes
(b) Gene
(c) DNA
(d) All of these
(iv)Select the statements that describe characteristics of genes
I. In individuals of a given species, a specific gene is located on a particular chromosome
II. A gene does not code for proteins
III. Genes are specific sequence of bases in a DNA molecule
IV. Each chromosome has only one gene
(a) I and II (b) I and III
(c) I and IV (d) III and IV
(v) A Mendelian experiment consisted of breeding tall pea plants bearing violet flowers with
short pea plants bearing white flowers. In the progeny, all bore violet flowers, but almost
half of them were short. This suggests that the genetic makeup of tall plant can be
depicted as
(a) TtWw (b) TTWW
(c) TTww (d) TtWW
In the series combination, the resistances are joined end to end. For a series combination of resistors,
Rs = / Ri and current through each resistor is same but their potential difference between their
ends are different according to their resistance. When two or more resistors are combined in such
a way that their first ends are connected to one point and the second ends to another point. In a
parallel combination of resistors, R1 = R1 + R1 + ... and potential drop across each resistor is same
p 1 2
but current in different resistances are different.

(i) If we connect n bulbs each with a rated power P in series, what is the total power
consumed by combination at rated current?
(ii) If we connect n bulbs each with a rated power P in parallel, what is the total power
consumed by combination at rated voltage?
(iii) The power consumed by n equal resistance in parallel is x times that of power consumed
in series, if the voltage supply is same. Find the value of x .
or
If resistors, 4 W , 5 W and 6 W are connected in series with 5V battery, calculate the total power
consumed by the combination?
**********

Science (086)
such questions.
Section A (b) Advantages of practising vegetative propagation

:
(i) It is useful for those plants which do not
1. Illustrate the following reactions with example : have seeds or have few seeds only.
(a) Substitution reaction (ii) New plants can be produced in comparatively
(b) Addition reaction very less time.
Ans :
4. (a) Explain the terms :
(a) Replacement of an atom or group from an
(i) implantation, (ii) placenta
organic compound under suitable condition is
(b) What is the average duration of human
called as substitution reaction.
Light
pregnancy?
CH 4 + Cl 2 CH 3 Cl Ans :
(b) Addition of simple molecules to unsaturated
(a) (i) The embedding of embryo in the thick
compounds to get saturated compounds is
lining of the uterus is called implantation.
called as addition reaction.
(ii) After implantation, a disc like special tissue
Ni
CH 2 = CH 2 + H 2 CH 3 - CH 3 develops between the uterus wall and the
embryo called placenta. The exchange
of nutrients, oxygen and waste products
2. Inert gases are placed in a separate group in the
between the embryo and the mother takes
modern periodic table :
place through the placenta.
(a) How many valence electrons do most of them
(b) The average duration of human pregnancy is
have?
about nine months and ten days (40 weeks).
(b) Why are they unreactive ?
Ans :
5. How does the process of budding differ from the
(a) Valence electrons are 8. process of spore formation?
(b) All elements of group 18 have completed their
Ans :
octet so do not take or give electrons during
reaction, hence are unreactive. Budding is the process of asexual reproduction
where bud develops as an outgrowth of body due to
repeated cell division and grows into tiny individuals
3. (a) What is vegetative propagation ?
when matures which can later saprate from parent
(b) Write any two advantages of practising this
body e.g. hydra.
method.
Spore formation is the process of asexual
Ans : reproduction in which tiny bulb like structures
(a) Vegetative propagation : Is a sexual method of called sporangia develop in organisms like Rhizopus.
reproduction by which new plants are developed Sporangia contains minute, single celled and thin or
by using the vegetative parts of the plants, like thick walled spores which grow into new organisms
roots, leaves or stems. in suitable environment conditions.
or
What are sexually transmitted diseases? Name an
STD which damages the immune system of human
body.
Ans :
Diseases that spread through the sexual contact, are
called sexually transmitted diseases.
An STD which damages the immune system of
human body is AIDS.
6. What is a compass needle ? What happens when a

compass needle is placed :
(a) in a region having no magnetic field,
(b) near a bar magnet ?
Ans :
A compass needle consists of a short and thin 7. Consider the food chain :
magnet pivoted at its center and enclosed in a glass
casing as shown in the given figure.
What will happen it lions are removed from the

above food chain ?
Ans :
Removal of lion (carnivorous) from the above food
chain will cause disturbance in environmental
balance and will increase the number of deer
(a) When a compass needle is placed in a region
(herbivorous) to much an extent that they will eat
having no magnetic field, it stays in the north-
up the whole grass. The density of product erst like
south direction.
grass will be very much reduced and this will turn
(b) Compass needle shows deflection when brought
the area into a desert which eventually result in
near a bar magnet.
death of all dears due to lack of food.
or
or
Identify the poles of the magnet in the given Figure
(i) and (ii).
What is depicted in the above mentioned scheme ?

Ans :
The given scheme indicates that in a food chain
each trophic level transfers only 10% of total energy
Ans : to next trophic level which gradually decrease
the total amount of energy in food chain rapidly (a) Which of them belong to the same period?
according to the lindeman’s 10% law. Name the period.
(b) Which of them belong to the same group?
Name the group.
Section B Ans :
(a) B, C and D elements has atomic number of
8. Differentiate between the arrangement of elements occupied shells, therefore they are placed in the
in Mendeleev’s periodic table and Modern periodic same period i.e., period 3.
table. (b) A and D belong to group-18 of the periodic
Ans :
table, as both of them are inert noble gases and
their octet is complete.
or
Mendeleev’s Periodic Modern Periodic (a) How does atomic radius change as we move
table table from left to right in a period ?
1. Arrangement of the Arrangement of the (b) The positions of three elements P, Q and R in
elements is in the elements is in the the Periodic Table are shown below:
increasing order of increasing order
their atomic masses. of their atomic Group 15 Group 16 Group 17
numbers. .......... .......... ..........
2. Position of hydrogen Hydrogen has been .......... .......... Q
element was not given a unique
justified because position due to .......... .......... ..........
hydrogen has some its resemblance to P .......... R
properties which are alkalis and halogens.
similar to alkali metals This position is Which one of the three elements is most non-
and some properties justified as it has metallic?
similar to halogens. one valence electron Ans :
like that of valence
(a) Atomic radius is generally decreases from left to
electron in the
right along a period because the electrons are
atoms of alkali
added to same shell due to this they experience
metals.
a great force from the nucleus.
3. Isotopes of the same Isotopes of the same (b) Q is the most non-metallic.
element will get element will get
different positions as the same position
10. How did Mendel’s experiments show that different
these have different as these have same
traits are inherited independently? Explain.
atomic masses. atomic number.
Ans :
4. Cobalt (Co) with Modern Periodic
slightly higher atomic Law justifies the When a cross was made between a tall pea plant
mass (58.9) comes first position of Cobalt with round seeds and a short pea plant with
and Nickel (Ni) with (Co) and Nickel wrinkled seeds, the F1 progeny plants are all tall
slightly lower atomic (Ni). As Co with with round seeds. This indicates that tallness and
mass (58.7) comes lower atomic no. 27 round seeds are the dominant traits.
later. should come first When the F1 plants are self pollinated, the F2
and Ni with atomic progeny consisted of some tall plants with round
no. 28 should come seeds and some short plants with wrinkled seeds
later even if their which are the parental traits all well as some of
atomic masses are in their new combinations such as tall plants with
the wrong order. wrinkled seed and dwarf plants with round seeds.
Thus, it may be concluded that tall and short
traits and round and wrinkled seed traits have been
9. The electronic configuration of four elements A, B, inherited independently.
C and D are given as follows:
A–2, 8, B–2, 8, C–2, 8, 2, D–2, 8, 8.
11. Calculate the total cost of running the following (b) Total current in the circuit
electrical devices in the month of September, if the I = I1 + I2 + I3
rate of 1 unit of electricity is ` 6.00.
(i) Electric heater of 1000 W for 5 hours daily. = 1.2 + 0.6 + 0.2 = 2.0 A
(ii) Electric refrigerator of 400 W for 10 hours daily. (c) Total effective resistance of the circuit
Ans : R eq = V = 6 = 3.0 W
I 2.0
(i) Energy consumed by electric heater,
= P # t = 1000 # 5 = 5000 Wh or
Why does a current carrying conductor kept in
(ii) Energy consumed by refrigerator,
magnetic field experience force. On what factors
= P # t = 400 # 10 = 4000 Wh does the direction of this force depend ? Name and
Total energy consumed in one day, state the rule used for determination of direction of
= 5000 Wh + 4000 Wh this force.
Ans :
= 9000 Wh = 9000 kWh = 9 kWh
1000 An electric current flowing through a conductor
Total energy consumed in the month of produces a magnetic field. This field exerts a force on
September, a magnet placed near the conductor. In accordance
= 30 # 9 = 270 kWh = 270 units with Newton’s third law, the magnet also exert an
Cost of 1 unit of electricity is = ` 6 equal and opposite force on the current carrying
Thus cost of 270 units of electricity, conductor. Thus, a magnetic field exerts a force on
a current carrying conductor.
= 6 # 270 = ` 1, 620
If a current I is flowing along the wire of length L
, which is placed perpendicular to the direction of
12. For the circuit diagram given below calculate : the magnetic field B , then the force F experienced
(a) the value of current through each resistor. by the wire perpendicular to the current and the
(b) the total current in the circuit. magnetic field is expressed as :
(c) the total effective resistance of the circuit. F = BIL
Then F depends on current I , length L and
strength of field F . The rule is known as.
Fleming’s Right Hand Rule : Hold the thumb, the
fore finger and the center finger of your right hand
at right angles to one another. Adjust your hand in
such a way that fore finger points in the direction
of magnetic field, and thumb points in the direction
of motion of conductor, then the direction in which
center finger points, gives the direction of induced
current in the conductor.
13. (a) What are decomposers ?

Ans : (b) State in brief the role of decomposers in the
(a) Since the three resistances, shown in the circuit environment.
have been joined in parallel, hence voltage Ans :
across each of them is same having a value 6 V.
(a) Decomposers : Decomposers decompose the
Current I1 through resistance R1 = 5 W ,
complex organic molecules present in the dead
I1 = V = 6 = 1.2 A plants and animals to the simple molecular
R1 5 level. Thus, decomposers help the return of
Current I2 through resistance R2 = 10 W , various nutrients to the soil/water so that these
I2 = V = 6 = 0.6 A are available to the producers once again. So, if
R2 10 decomposers are removed from the earth, the
and current I3 through resistance R3 = 30 W , soil/water will become deficient in nutrients
and the operation of various mineral cycles will
I3 = V = 6 = 0.2 A get affected.
R3 30
(b) Role of decomposers : The differences between
autotrophs and decomposers are: Gene T " Responsible " More " Result
for synthesis of production in Tall
Autotrophs Decomposers efficient enzyme of growth Plants
(Proteins) hormone
1. Autotrophs make Decomposers
Gene t " Responsible for " Less " Result
their food from decompose the complex synthesis of less production in
CO 2, H 2 O and molecules present in efficient enzyme of growth Short
minerals in the the bodies of the dead hormone Plants
presence of sunlight plants and animals (i) Two pea plants one with round green seeds
e.g., green plants. e.g., saprophytic (RRyy) and another with wrinkled yellow
bacteria and fungi. (rrYY) seeds produce F1 progeny that have
2. Autotrophs convert Decomposers round, yellow (RrYy) seeds. When F1 plants
simple inorganic breakdown the are selfed, the F2 progeny will have new
substances into complex organic combination of characters. Choose the new
complex organic substances into simple combination from the following.
substances. inorganic substances. I. Wrinkled, green
II. Wrinkled, yellow
III. Round, green
Section C IV. Round, yellow
(a) I and II (b) I and IV
(c) II and III (d) I and III
and b are compulsory. However, an internal choice has (ii) A section of DNA providing information for
been provided in part c. one protein is called-
(a) Gene (b) Nucleus
(c) Chromosomes (d) Trait
(iii) Which one of the following is present in the
nucleus?
A gene is the basic physical and functional unit of
(a) Chromosomes (b) Gene
heredity genes are maple up of DNA.
Most of the characters or traits of an organism are (c) DNA (d) All of these
controlled by the genes. Genes are actually segments (iv) Select the statements that describe
of DNA guiding the formation of proteins by the characteristics of genes
cellular organelles. These proteins may be enzymes, I. In individuals of a given species, a specific
hormones, antibodies, and structural components gene is located on a particular chromosome
of different types of tissues. In other words, DNA/ II. A gene does not code for proteins
genes are responsible for structure and functions of III. Genes are specific sequence of bases in a
a living body. Genotype of an individual controls its DNA molecule
phenotype. IV. Each chromosome has only one gene
(a) I and II (b) I and III
(c) I and IV (d) III and IV
(v) A Mendelian experiment consisted of breeding
tall pea plants bearing violet flowers with
short pea plants bearing white flowers. In the
progeny, all bore violet flowers, but almost
half of them were short. This suggests that the
genetic makeup of tall plant can be depicted as
(a) TtWw (b) TTWW
(c) TTww (d) TtWW
Ans :
(i) (b) I and IV
(ii) (a) Gene
(iii) (d) All of these
(iv) (b) I and III
(v) (d) TtWW
15. Read the following case based passage and answer 2

Pp = V
the questions given after passage. ^R/n h
In the series combination, the resistances are joined
Pp = xPs
end to end. For a series combination of resistors, 2 2
Rs = / Ri and current through each resistor is same V =x V
but their potential difference between their ends are (R/n) (nR)
different according to their resistance. When two or n =x
more resistors are combined in such a way that their n
first ends are connected to one point and the second x = n2
ends to another point. In a parallel combination or
of resistors, 1 = 1 + 1 + ... and potential drop Power consumed;
R p R1 R2
across 2
P =V = V2
each resistor is same but current in different Rq R1 + R2 + R3
resistances are different. ^5h2
(i) If we connect n bulbs each with a rated power = =5 W
4+5+6 3
P in series, what is the total power consumed
by combination at rated current?
(ii) If we connect n bulbs each with a rated power 
P in parallel, what is the total power consumed
by combination at rated voltage?
(iii) The power consumed by n equal resistance in
parallel is x times that of power consumed in
series, if the voltage supply is same. Find the
value of x .
or
If resistors, 4 W , 5 W and 6 W are connected in series
with 5V battery, calculate the total power consumed
by the combination?
Ans :
(i) When resistors are in series combination, then
Rs = R1 + R2 + .....Rn
V 2 = V 12 + V 22 + ..... + V n2
Ps P1 P2 Pn
When bulbs are of equal power, then
V 2 = nV 2
Ps P
Ps = P
n
(ii) When resistors are in parallel combination,
then
1 = 1 + 1 + ..... + 1
Rp R1 R2 Rn
Pp
or = P12 + P22 + ..... + Pn2
V2 V V V
Pp = P1 + P2 + ..... + Pn
or Pp = nP
(iii) Power consumed in series,
2
Ps = V
nR
and in parallel,
Sample Paper 5
SCIENCE (CODE 086)
Section A
1. What is methane? Draw its electron dot structure. Name the type of bonds formed in this
compound.’Why are such compounds:
(i) poor conductors of electricity? and
(ii) have low melting and boiling points? What happens when this compound burns in oxygen?

(b) Where do you think hydrogen should be placed in the Modern Periodic Table ?
3. (a) Name an organism in which binary fission occurs in a definite orientation.

(b) Draw a neat diagram of a germinating seed and label on it the following :
Cotyledon, Plumule, Radicle.
4. Define the following processes of asexual reproduction.

(a) Spore formation
(b) Regeneration
(c) Multiple fission
5. List four points of significance of reproductive health in a society. Name any two areas related
to reproductive health which have improved over the past 50 years in our country.
or
Protozoans reproduce by binary fission as well as by multiple fission. In your opinion, which
process is better and why?
6. AB is a current carrying conductor in the plane of the paper as shown in figure.

(a) What are the directions of magnetic fields produced by it at points P and Q ? Given r1 > r2
,
(b) Where will the strength of the magnetic field be larger ?
or
A student performs an experiment to study the magnetic effect of current around a current
carrying straight conductor with the help of a magnetic compass. He reports that :
(i) the degree of deflection of the magnetic compass increases when the compass is moved
away from the conductor.
(ii) the degree of deflection of the magnetic compass increases when the current through the
conductor is increased.
Which of the above observations of the student appears to be wrong and why ?
7. If a lake is contaminated with pesticides, which one of the following organisms will contain in
its body the maximum concentration of pesticides and why ?
Small fish, Pelicans, Zooplanktons, Phytoplanktons, Big fish.
or
What will happen to the garbage and dead animals and plants in absence of microorganisms ?
Section B
8. An element X (atomic number 17) reacts with an element Y (atomic number 20) to form a
divalent halide.
(a) What is the position of elements X and Y in Periodic Table ?
(b) What will be the nature of oxide of element Y. Identify the nature of bonding in the
compound formed.
9. (a) Complete the following reactions and name the main product formed in each case :
(i) CH 3 CH 2 OH Alkaline KMnO 4
NaOH
(ii) CH 3 COOC 2 H 5
Sunlight
(iii) CH 4 + Cl 2
or
Fluorine (atomic number 9) and chlorine (atomic number 17) are members of the Periodic
Table.
(i) Write their electronic configurations.
(ii) Which one is more electro-negative ? Give one reason.
10. How did Mendel explain that it is possible that a trait is inherited but not expressed in an
organism?
11. Draw a circuit diagram of an electric circuit containing a cell, a key, an ammeter, a resistor of
4W in series with a combination of two resistors ( 8W each) in parallel and a voltmeter across
parallel combination. Each of them dissipate maximum energy and can withstand a maximum
power of 16W without melting. Find the maximum current that can flow through the three
resistors.
12. V - I graph for a conductor is as shown in figure.
(i) What do you infer from this graph ?

(ii) State the law expressed here
(iii) Name the physical quantity represented by the slope of this graph and its unit.
or
The flow of current in a circular loop of wire creates a magnetic field at its center. How may
existence of this field be detected ? State the rule which helps to predict the direction of this
magnetic field.
13. Explain the phenomenon of Biological Magnification. How does it affect organisms belonging
to different trophic levels particularly the tertiary consumers ?
Section C
part c.
14. Study the follwoing table and answer the following questions.
Table-A
S. No. Generation Phenotypic ratio

1. F1 generation 23 pairs
2. F2 generation 22 pairs
(i) State the law of dominance.
(ii) What is the dominant allele?
(iii) Define the term phenotype.
or
What is the meaning of genotype?
A D.C. generator also called a D.C. dynamo converts mechanical energy into electrical energy
(D.C.). It works on the principle that when a coil rotates in a uniform magnetic field, a current
is induced in the coil. The direction of induced current is determined by Fleming’s right hand
rule. The schematic diagram of a D.C. generator is as shown in figure.
(i) What is the main difference in structure of AC and DC generator ?

(ii) What is the frequency of D.C.?
(iii) What type of dynamo is used in a bicycle? What is the function of dynamo in bicycle ?
or
A D.C. motor is rotating in clockwise direction. How can the direction of rotation be reversed?
**********

Science (086)
such questions.
O2
Section A CH 4 CO 2 + H 2 O + Heat + light

1. What is methane? Draw its electron dot (b) Where do you think hydrogen should be placed
structure. Name the type of bonds formed in this in the Modern Periodic Table ?
compound.’Why are such compounds:
Ans :
(i) poor conductors of electricity? and
(ii) have low melting and boiling points? What (a) Modern periodic law states that the physical
happens when this compound burns in oxygen? and chemical properties of an element are the
Ans : periodic function of the atomic number of that
element.
Methane is a hydrocarbon formed by the combination (b) Atomic number of hydrogen is 1, so it should be
of carbon with hydrogen. Its molecular formula is kept in the 1st period. It resembles alkali metals
CH 4 . It is a main green house gas. The type of bond but at the same time it shows similarity with
formed in methane is covalent bond. halogens and hence it should be kept in group
Electron dot structure of methane (CH4) : 17. Because of its lowest atomic number and
lowest atomic mass, it is usually placed along
with alkali metals in group 1.
3. (a) Name an organism in which binary fission

occurs in a definite orientation.
(b) Draw a neat diagram of a germinating seed and
label on it the following :
Cotyledon, Plumule, Radicle.
Ans :
(a) Leishmania
(b)
(i) Covalent compounds are poor conductors of
electricity because it has no free electrons to
conduct electricity. Moreover this compound is
formed by sharing of electrons. So no electron
is available for the conduction.
(ii) They have weak forces of attraction between
them so less energy is required to break the
force of binding. Thus they have low melting
and boiling points.
When this compound burns in oxygen, combustion
reaction takes place.
4. Define the following processes of asexual

reproduction.
(a) Spore formation
(b) Regeneration
(c) Multiple fission
Ans :
(a) Minute, Single celled, thin or thick walled
spores produced by sporangia develop into new
life under suitable conditions.
(b) Organisms are cut into any number of pieces
and each piece grows into a complete organism.
Ans :
(c) Unicellular organisms divide into many
daughter cells simultaneously. (a) Magnetic field lines come into the paper at
P and go out of the paper at Q . Hence, the
direction of magnetic field at P is inwards and
5. List four points of significance of reproductive
at Q is outwards.
health in a society. Name any two areas related to
(b) The strength of the magnetic field is larger at
reproductive health which have improved over the
the point located closer, i.e., at Q .
past 50 years in our country.
or
Ans : A student performs an experiment to study the
magnetic effect of current around a current carrying
Significance or reproductive health: straight conductor with the help of a magnetic
• Prevent STDs, compass. He reports that :
• Advantage of small family, (i) the degree of deflection of the magnetic
• Less mortality among new borns, compass increases when the compass is moved
• Reduces the cases of maternal mortality. away from the conductor.
Areas which have improved : Family planning and (ii) the degree of deflection of the magnetic
Decreases in STD cases. compass increases when the current through
or the conductor is increased.
Protozoans reproduce by binary fission as well as Which of the above observations of the student
by multiple fission. In your opinion, which process appears to be wrong and why ?
is better and why? Ans :
Ans :
The first observation is wrong.
In my opinion multiple fission is better because it Because as the distance from the conductor increases,
forms a protective cyst and at one time so many the strength of the magnetic field decreases. So, the
daughter cells can be produced which increase degree of deflection of the compass should decrease
survival changer of species. instead of increasing.
6. AB is a current carrying conductor in the plane of 7. If a lake is contaminated with pesticides, which one
the paper as shown in figure. of the following organisms will contain in its body
(a) What are the directions of magnetic fields the maximum concentration of pesticides and why ?
produced by it at points P and Q ? Given Small fish, Pelicans, Zooplanktons, Phytoplanktons,
r1 > r2 , Big fish.
(b) Where will the strength of the magnetic field Ans :
be larger ?
Pelican birds will contain the maximum
concentration of pesticides in its body as it is at
the highest trophic level (top consumer) in the food
chain of the given organisms. It happens due to
biomagnification, i.e., amount of harmful chemicals
magnifies successively in the higher trophic levels.
or
What will happen to the garbage and dead animals
and plants in absence of microorganisms ?
Ans : K L M N
The garbage and dead plants and animals will 2 7
not decompose if there are no decomposer, i.e., Electronic configuration of chlorine :
saprophytic bacteria and fungi. The bodies cannot K L M N
be decayed in the absence of bacteria or fungus and 2 8 7
nutrients will not get recycle. (ii) Fluorine (F ) is more electronegative.
Reason : Small atomic size and more electron
affinity.
Section B
10. How did Mendel explain that it is possible that a
8. An element X (atomic number 17) reacts with an trait is inherited but not expressed in an organism?
element Y (atomic number 20) to form a divalent Ans :
halide.
Yes; in Mendel’s experiment, when pure tall pea
(a) What is the position of elements X and Y in
plants were crossed with pure dwarf pea plants,
Periodic Table ?
only tall pea plants were obtained in F1 generation.
(b) What will be the nature of oxide of element Y.
On selfing the pea plants of F1 generation both
Identify the nature of bonding in the compound
tall and dwarf pea plants were obtained in F2
formed.
generation. Reappearance of the dwarf pea plants
Ans : in F2 generation proves that the dwarf trait was
X is a non-metal. inherited but not expressed in F1 generation. The
Y is a metal. recessive trait does not express itself in the presence
When X and react, they form YX 2 . of the dominant trait. So, it is possible that one
(a) Position of X – Group 17, Period 3. trait may be inherited but may not be expressed in
Position of Y – Group 2, Period 4. an organism.
(b) The nature of oxide of Y, i.e., nature of YO
would be basic.
The nature of bonding in the compound, YO is
ionic.
9. (a) Complete the following reactions and name the

main product formed in each case :
Alkaline KMnO
(i) CH 3 CH 2 OH
4
NaOH
Sunlight
(iii) CH 4 + Cl 2
11. Draw a circuit diagram of an electric circuit
Ans :
containing a cell, a key, an ammeter, a resistor of
Alkaline KMnO 4
(a) (i) CH 3 CH 2 OH CH 3 COOH 4W in series with a combination of two resistors (
Ethanoic acid
8W each) in parallel and a voltmeter across parallel
NaOH
CH 3 COONa combination. Each of them dissipate maximum
+ C 2 H 5 OH energy and can withstand a maximum power of
Ethanol 16W without melting. Find the maximum current
(iii) CH 4 + Cl 2
Sunlight
CH Cl + HCl that can flow through the three resistors.
3
Chloromethane
Ans :
or
Fluorine (atomic number 9) and chlorine (atomic We know, P = I 2R
number 17) are members of the Periodic Table.
(i) Write their electronic configurations.
(ii) Which one is more electro-negative ? Give one
reason.
Ans :
(i) Electronic configuration of fluorine :
a magnetic field at its center. How may existence of

this field be detected ? State the rule which helps to
predict the direction of this magnetic field.
P = 16 W
P
Now, I = R
So, maximum Current of 4 W resistor,
16 =
I = 4 2 A
So, current through each 8W resistor will be,
= 1 #2 = 1 A
2 Ans :
12. V -I graph for a conductor is as shown in figure. Take a cardboard sheet. Drill two fine holes P and
Q on it along a straight line at a suitable distance.
Take an insulated copper wire loop and pass it
through the holes so that the loop is in a vertical
plane. Connect a 6-12 V battery B and a plug
key K with the ends of wire loop. Put a sensitive
compass at the center point O of the cardboard.
The compass rests in north-south direction. Now
put the plug in key K so that a current begins to
flow in the loop as shown in Figure. We observe that
the compass needle gets deflected. It shows that a
magnetic field is set up at the center of current-
carrying circular loop.
The direction of field is given by right-hand rule.
(i) What do you infer from this graph ? 13. Explain the phenomenon of Biological Magnification.
(ii) State the law expressed here How does it affect organisms belonging to different
(iii) Name the physical quantity represented by the trophic levels particularly the tertiary consumers ?
slope of this graph and its unit. Ans :
Ans : Biological magnification : Means accumulation of
(i) Inference from graph V ? I non-biodegradable chemicals like pesticides (DDT)
(ii) The law states the current passing through in the living organisms in a food chain. The increase
a conductor is directly proportional to the in concentration of harmful chemicals in the body of
potential difference across the ends, provided living organisms of each trophic level of a food chain
the physical conditions like temperature, is called biological magnification.
density, etc., remain unchanges. This is ohm’s Pesticides such as DDT, when enters the food chain,
law. the plants absorb these harmful chemicals from soil
(iii) The slope of the graph represents the resistance along with water and minerals. They enter the food
and the unit of resistance is ohm. chain at producer level and then transfers to the next
or trophic level. In animals, DDT gets accumulate in
The flow of current in a circular loop of wire creates fatty tissue, thus, continuous consumption of same
plants results in higher concentration of DDT in

animals. The tertiary consumers or top carnivorous
animal get highest levels of these chemicals.
Section C
14. Study the follwoing table and answer the following

questions. (i) What is the main difference in structure of AC
Table-A and DC generator ?
(ii) What is the frequency of D.C.?
S. No. Generation Phenotypic ratio (iii) What type of dynamo is used in a bicycle?
1. F1 generation 23 pairs What is the function of dynamo in bicycle ?
or
2. F2 generation 22 pairs A D.C. motor is rotating in clockwise direction.
(i) State the law of dominance. How can the direction of rotation be reversed?
(ii) What is the dominant allele? Ans :
(iii) Define the term phenotype. (i) A.C. generator has slip rings while the D.C.
or generator has a commutator.
What is the meaning of genotype? (ii) Zero
Ans : (iii) We use a D.C. dynamo in a bicycle. The dynamo
(i) According to the law of dominance, the parent is used to generate the electricity. It converts
contains two alleles out of which one is the mechanical energy into electrical energy.
dominant allele while the other is the recessive or
allele. The direction of rotation of the motor can be reversed
(ii) The allele that expresses itself and reduces by reversing the direction of current through the
the expression of other alleles is termed as the coil. This can be achieved by interchanging the
dominant allele. terminals of the battery connected to the brushes
(iii) The set of the morphological characteristics of the motor.
of an organism that are resulted from the
interactions of the genes is known as the
phenotype of the individual. For example, in 
pea plants, tallness is a phenotypic trait.
or
The set of the alleles in DNA that carries the
information for the expression of a trait in an
individual is known as its genytype. For example,
genotype ‘TT’ expresses the tallness in plants.

A D.C. generator also called a D.C. dynamo converts
mechanical energy into electrical energy (D.C.). It
works on the principle that when a coil rotates in a
uniform magnetic field, a current is induced in the
coil. The direction of induced current is determined
by Fleming’s right hand rule. The schematic
diagram of a D.C. generator is as shown in figure.
Sample Paper 6
SCIENCE (CODE 086)

Section A
1. Two carbon compounds A and B have the molecular formulae C 3 H 8 and C 3 H 6 respectively.
(a) Which one of the two is most likely to show addition reaction ?
(b) Explain with the help of chemical equation, how an addition reaction is useful in vegetable
ghee industry.
2. (a) State the modern periodic law.

(b) How many periods and groups are present in the modern periodic table ?
3. (a) Name two animals which reproduce asexually.

(b) What are the male and female gonads in human beings known as?
4. (a) Explain the process of regeneration is planaria.

(b) How is regeneration different from reproduction?
5. What is placenta? State its any two roles during pregnancy.

or
In what respect is the human male gamete different from the female gamete?
6. What happens to the deflection of the compass needle placed at a point near current carrying
straight conductor :
(a) if the current is increased ?
(b) if the direction of current in the conductor is changed ?
or
How does the strength of the magnetic field at the center of a circular coil of a wire depend on
(a) radius of the coil (b) number of turns of wire in the coil ?
7. In a certain study conducted on occurrence of DDT along food chains in an ecosystem, the
concentration of DDT in grass was found to be 0.5 ppm (parts per million), in sheep it was 2
ppm and in man it was 10 ppm. Why was the concentration of DDT maximum in case of man ?
or
In a food chain comprising frogs, insects, birds and grass, which one of the organisms is likely
to have maximum concentration of harmful non-biodegradable chemicals in its body ?
Section B
8. Given below are four elements with their atomic numbers :

Element Atomic Number
A 16
B 11
C 3
D 14
(a) Identify the elements which belong to the same group of the Modern Periodic Table.
(b) Arrange the given elements in decreasing order of atomic size.
(c) Write the formula of the oxide of B.
9. (a) Draw the structure of ethyne (C 2 H 2).

(b) List any two differences between soaps and detergents.
or
Arrange giving reason for the following elements in increasing order of their atomic size :
(a) Be, O, F (given that they belong to 2nd, 16th and 17th groups and 2nd period respectively.)
(b) I, Cl, F (Given that they belong to 5th, 3rd and 2nd period respectively in the 17th
group).
10. Explain Mendel’s experiment with peas on inheritance of characters considering only one visible
contrasting character.
11. The values of current I flowing in a given resistor for the corresponding values of potential
difference V across the resistor are given below:
I (ampere) 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
V (volt) 1.6 3.4 6.7 10.2 13.2
Plot a graph between V and I and calculate the resistance of the resistor.
12. Calculate the equivalent resistance from the following combination of resistors.
or
A coil of insulated copper wire is connected to a galvanometer. What would happen if a bar
magnet is :
(i) Pushed into the coil ?
(ii) Withdrawn from inside the coil ?
(iii) Held stationary inside the coil ?
13. Give reason to justify the following:

(i) The existence of decomposer is essential in a biosphere.
(ii) Flow of energy in a food chain is unidirectional.
Section C
part c.
14. Answer given questions on the basis of your understanding of the following paragraph and the
related studies concepts.
The growing size of the human population is a cause of concern for all people. The rate of
birth and death in a given population will determine its size. Reproduction is the process by
which organisms increase their population. The process of sexual maturation for reproduction
is gradual and takes place while general body growth is still going on. Some degree of sexual
maturation does not necessarily mean that the mind or body is ready for sexual acts or for
having and bringing up children. Various contraceptive devices are being used by human beings
to control the size of population.
(i) List two common signs of sexual maturation in boys and girls.
(ii) What is the result of reckless female foeticide?
(iii) Which contraceptive method changes the hormonal balance of the body?
or
Write two factors that determine the size of a population.
Electrical resistivities of some substances at 20cC are given below :
Table-A
S. No. Metal Resistivity (in W -m)
1. Silver 1.60 # 10-8
2. Copper 1.62 # 10-8
3. Tungsten 5.20 # 10-8
4. Iron 10.0 # 10-8
5. Mercury 94.0 # 10-8
6. Nichrome 10.0 # 10-8
(i) Among silver and copper, which one is a better conductor?

(ii) Which material world you advise to be used in electrical heating devices?
(iii) What do you mean by resistivity ?
or
What is the effect of temperature on resistivity of a substance?
**********

Science (086)
such questions.
Section A 3. (a) Name two animals which reproduce asexually.

(b) What are the male and female gonads in human
beings known as?
1. Two carbon compounds A and B have the molecular Ans :
formulae C 3 H 8 and C 3 H 6 respectively. (a) (i) Hydra,
(a) Which one of the two is most likely to show (ii) Spirogyra
addition reaction ? (b) Male gonad : Testis
(b) Explain with the help of chemical equation, Female gonad : Ovary
how an addition reaction is useful in vegetable
ghee industry.
Ans :
4. (a) Explain the process of regeneration is planaria.
(b) How is regeneration different from reproduction?
(a) C 3 H 6 (B) will show addition reaction as it is an
Ans :
unsaturated hydrocarbon.
(b) Vegetable oil reacts with hydrogen in presence (a) If the body of planaria some how gets cut
of Ni as a catalyst to form vegetable ghee, into a number of pieces, then each body piece
which is a saturated compound. can regenerate into a complete planaria by
growing all the mussing parts. (see Fig.)
(b) The process of getting back a full organism
from the body parts is called regeneration.
The production of new organisms from the
existing organisms of the same species is known as
reproduction.
2. (a) State the modern periodic law.

(b) How many periods and groups are present in
the modern periodic table ?
Ans :
(a) Modern periodic law states, that properties of
elements are a periodic function of their atomic
numbers.
(b) There are 7 periods and 18 groups in modern
periodic table.
Fig : Regeneration in planaria.

5. What is placenta? State its any two roles during Ans :

pregnancy. DDT is non-biodegradable chemical which gradually
Ans : accumulates in fatty tissue at each trophic level.
Placenta is a specialised vascular tissue attached to Since man is at the highest trophic level, there is
uterus that provides all requirements of the foetus maximum accumulation of DDT in him. It happens
during pregnancy. due to biological magnification.
Role : or
(i) It provides nutrition to the foetus. In a food chain comprising frogs, insects, birds
(ii) The waste substances generated by the foetus and grass, which one of the organisms is likely
are excreted out through the placenta. to have maximum concentration of harmful non-
or biodegradable chemicals in its body ?
In what respect is the human male gamete different Ans :
from the female gamete? Birds would have maximum concentration of harmful
Ans : non-biodegradable chemicals in their body as they
occupy the top most trophic level in the given food
Male gamete Female -gamete chain. It happens due to biological magnification.
(i) These are These are larger because
smaller. they contain food
Section B
reserve.
(ii) They are motile. They are non-motile. 8. Given below are four elements with their atomic
numbers :
6. What happens to the deflection of the compass Element Atomic Number

needle placed at a point near current carrying A 16
straight conductor : B 11
(a) if the current is increased ?
(b) if the direction of current in the conductor is C 3
changed ? D 14
Ans : (a) Identify the elements which belong to the same
(a) Deflection of the compass needle increases. group of the Modern Periodic Table.
(b) Direction of deflection in the compass needle (b) Arrange the given elements in decreasing order
changes. of atomic size.
or (c) Write the formula of the oxide of B.
How does the strength of the magnetic field at the Ans :
center of a circular coil of a wire depend on (a)
radius of the coil (b) number of turns of wire in the (a) B and C
coil ? (b) B > D > A > C
(c) B 2 O
Ans :
(a) Strength of magnetic field (B) is inversely
9. (a) Draw the structure of ethyne (C 2 H 2).
proportional to radius of the coil (r), i.e.,
(b) List any two differences between soaps and
B ? 1/r.
detergents.
(b) Strength of magnetic field (B) is directly
proportional to the number of turns in the coil Ans :
(N ) i.e., B ? N . (a) H - C / C - H
(b) (i) Soaps are sodium salts of long chain fatty acids,
7. In a certain study conducted on occurrence of DDT whereas detergents are sodium or potassium
along food chains in an ecosystem, the concentration salts of sulphonic acids of hydrocarbons.
of DDT in grass was found to be 0.5 ppm (parts per (ii) Soaps cannot be used with hard water but
million), in sheep it was 2 ppm and in man it was 10 detergents work well with both hard and
ppm. Why was the concentration of DDT maximum soft water.
in case of man ? or
Arrange giving reason for the following elements in
increasing order of their atomic size : (i) He studied homozygous (pure) plants of a tall
(a) Be, O, F (given that they belong to 2nd, 16th (TT) short (tt) varieties.
and 17th groups and 2nd period respectively.) (ii) He crossed them and obtained F1 progeny.
(b) I, Cl, F (Given that they belong to 5th, 3rd and (iii) He found that in F1 progeny all plants were
2nd period respectively in the 17th group). tall.
Ans : (iv) He selfed the plants of F1 progeny which were
hybrid (Tt).
(a) F < O < Be. This is because atomic size (v) He found that in F2 progeny there were tall as
decreases across a period. well as short plants of which the three quarter
(b) F < Cl < I. This is because atomic size increases plants were tall and one quarter was short.
down the group.
12. Calculate the equivalent resistance from the

10. The values of current I flowing in a given resistor following combination of resistors.
for the corresponding values of potential difference
V across the resistor are given below:
I (ampere) 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0

V (volt) 1.6 3.4 6.7 10.2 13.2
Plot a graph between V and I and calculate the
resistance of the resistor.
Ans :
Ans :
In the given circuit 4 W and 2 W are connected
series. Hence the equivalent resistance is given by
Rs = R1 + R2
= 4W+2W = 6W
Also, equivalent resistance in parallel is :
1 = 1 + 1 + 1
Rp R1 R2 R3
or Rp = 1 + 1 + 1 = 6 = 1 W
2 3 6 6
or
From the graph, we can take values of V and I . A coil of insulated copper wire is connected to a
V = (6.7 - 3.4) = 3.3 Volt galvanometer. What would happen if a bar magnet
is :
I = (2.0 - 1.0) = 1.0 A
(i) Pushed into the coil ?
R = V = 3.3 = 3.3 W (ii) Withdrawn from inside the coil ?
I 1.0
(iii) Held stationary inside the coil ?
So, Resistance = 3.3 W (ohm)
Ans :
(i) Due to change in magnitude flux linked with
11. Explain Mendel’s experiment with peas on
coil, the galvanometer shows deflection (say
inheritance of characters considering only one
towards right).
visible contrasting character.
(ii) Due to change in magnetic flux linked with coil,
Ans : the galvanometer shows deflection [say towards
Mendel concluded his breeding experiments of left opposite to that in case (i)].
inheritance of characters considering only one (iii) As it is stationary, no change in magnetic flux
visible contrasting character i.e., monohybrid cross linked with coil, so galvanometer shows no
with garden peas. deflection.
13. Give reason to justify the following: (i) Common signs of sexual maturation in boys
(i) The existence of decomposer is essential in a and girls are :
biosphere. (a) Thick hair growing in new parts of the
(ii) Flow of energy in a food chain is unidirectional. body such as armpits and the genital area
Ans : between the thighs. Thinner hair can also
appear on legs and arms, as well as on the
(i) Decomposer decompose the complex organic face.
molecules present in the dead plants and (b) The skin frequently becomes oily and might
animals to the simple molecular level. Thus, begin to develop pimples.
decomposer help the return of various nutrients (ii) Due to reckless female foeticides, child sex
to the soil/water so that these are available to ratio is declining at an alarming rate in some
the producers once again. So, if decomposer sections of the society.
are removed from the earth, the soil/water will (iii) Contraceptive pills changes the hormonal
become deficient in nutrients and the operation balance of the body.
of various mineral cycles will get affected. or
(ii) In a food chain the energy moves progressively Birth rate and Death rates are the factors which
through the various trophic levels. It is no longer determines the size of the population.
available to the previous level (autotrophs) and 15. Read the following case based passage and answer
the energy captured by the autotrophs does not the questions given after passage.
go back to the solar input and also quantity of Electrical resistivities of some substances at 20cC
total available energy decreases gradually on are given below :
each trophic level due to 10% law. Hence, the Table-A
flow of energy is unidirectional.
S. No. Metal Resistivity (in W -m)
Section C
This section has 02 case-based questions (14 and 15). Each 1. Silver 1.60 # 10-8
case is followed by 03 sub-questions (a, b and c). Parts a 2. Copper 1.62 # 10-8
3. Tungsten 5.20 # 10-8
4. Iron 10.0 # 10-8
14. Answer given questions on the basis of your 5. Mercury 94.0 # 10-8
understanding of the following paragraph and the
6. Nichrome 10.0 # 10-8
The growing size of the human population is a (i) Among silver and copper, which one is a better
cause of concern for all people. The rate of birth conductor?
and death in a given population will determine (ii) Which material world you advise to be used in
its size. Reproduction is the process by which electrical heating devices?
organisms increase their population. The process of (iii) What do you mean by resistivity ?
sexual maturation for reproduction is gradual and or
takes place while general body growth is still going What is the effect of temperature on resistivity of
on. Some degree of sexual maturation does not a substance?
necessarily mean that the mind or body is ready for Ans :
sexual acts or for having and bringing up children.
Various contraceptive devices are being used by (i) Silver
human beings to control the size of population. (ii) Nichrome
(i) List two common signs of sexual maturation in (iii) Resistivity of a conductor is defined as the
boys and girls. resistance of the conductor of unit length and
(ii) What is the result of reckless female foeticide? unit area of cross-section.
(iii) Which contraceptive method changes the or
hormonal balance of the body? Resistivity of a material changes if its temperature
or changes. The general rule in resistivity increases
Write two factors that determine the size of a with increasing temperature in conductors and
population. decreases with increasing temperature in insulators.
Ans : 
Sample Paper 7
SCIENCE (CODE 086)
Section A
1. (a) Why are most carbon compounds poor conductors of electricity?

(b) Write the name and structure of a saturated compound in which the carbon atoms are
arranged in a ring. Give the number of single bonds present in this compound.

(b) Elements A, B, C and D have atomic numbers 1, 8, 11 and 19 respectively. Choose the
odd element and give reason for your answer.
3. (a) List two reproductive parts of a flower.

(b) How is a unisexual flower different from a bisexual flower? State in brief.
4. (a) Why is vegetative propagation practised for growing some types of plants ?
(b) Name the different parts of a flower that has germ cells.
5. Define reproduction. How does it help in providing stability to the population of species?
or
What are the advantages and disadvantages of asexual reproduction?
6. How will the magnetic field produced in a current carrying a circular coil change if we
(i) increase the value of current ?
(ii) increase the distance from the coil ?
or
(a) Swati draws magnetic field lines of field close to the axis of a current carrying circular
loop. As she moves away from the centre of the circular loop she observes that the lines
keep on diverging. How will you explain her observation ?
(b) Write two properties of magnetic field lines.
7. What is biodiversity ? What will happen if biodiversity of an area is not preserved ? Mention
one effect of it.
or
What will happen if all the carnivore our are removed from the earth ?
Section B
8. Three elements A, B and C have atomic numbers 7, 8 and 9 respectively.

(a) What would be their positions in the Modern Periodic Table (Mention group and period
both).
(b) Arrange A, B and C in the decreasing order of their size.
(c) Which one of the three elements is most reactive and why ?
9. Draw the structural formulae of all the possible isomers of the compound with the molecular
formula C3H6O and also give their electron dot structures.
10. An angiosperm plant having red coloured flowers when crossed with the other having the same
colour produced 40 progenies out of which 30 plants were with red coloured flowers 10 plants
were with white colour flowers.
Finds out :
(a) What is the possible genotype of parent plants ?
(b) Which trait is dominated and recessive?
(c) What is this cross called as and what is its phenotyping ratio ?
11. State Joules law of heating. List two special characteristics of a heating element wire.
An electric iron consumes energy at the rate of 880 W when heating is at the maximum rate
and 440 W when the heating is at the minimum rate. The applied voltage is 220 V . Calculate
the current and resistance in each case.
12. An electric heater connected to a 220 V line has two resistance coils of 22 Ohms each.
Calculate the current if these coils are used
(a) Separately
(b) In series
(c) In parallel.
or
By applying right hand thumb rule, show that magnetic lines of force at the center of the circular
current-carrying wire are straight lines in the inward direction when current is clockwise.
What happens when the current is reversed?
13. (a) What is full form of (i) UNEP (ii) CFCs.

(b) On what basis are organisms grouped as producers, consumers and decomposer ?
(c) Write two problems that would arise if there were no decomposer in are ecosystem.
Section C
part c.
The sexual act always has the potential to lead to pregnancy will make major demands on the
body and the mind of the woman and if she is not ready for it, her health will be adversely
affected. Therefore, many ways have been devised to avoid pregnancy.
(i) Name any two bacterial diseases that are caused due to unprotected sex.
(ii) In what a pill helps in preventing pregnancy?
(iii) What is vasectomy?
or
What are the common side-effects of using contraceptive pills?
Resistance of a conductor depends on the length, area of cross-section and nature of the
material of the conductor. When a conductor is stretched (increased in its length), then its
area of cross-section decreases accordingly but the volume (i.e. area x length) of the conductor
remains same.
Resistivity of conductor,
r = RA
l
Where, A = area of cross-section of conductor
length of conductor
l =
(i) What do you mean by resistivity ?
(ii) What is the SI unit of resistivity of conductor ?
(iii) Write one difference between resistance and resistivity.
or
The resistance ^Rh of a wire of length is halved and area of cross-section ^Ah is doubled, what
is the new resistance ^Rlh ?
**********

Science (086)
such questions.
Section A Reason : B has six electrons in valence shell but A,

C and D have one electron in their valence shells.
1. (a) Why are most carbon compounds poor 3. (a) List two reproductive parts of a flower.
conductors of electricity? (b) How is a unisexual flower different from a
(b) Write the name and structure of a saturated bisexual flower? State in brief.
compound in which the carbon atoms are
Ans :
arranged in a ring. Give the number of single
bonds present in this compound. (a) The two reproductive parts of a flower :
Ans :
(i) Stamen (male part).
(ii) Pistil/Carpel (female part).
(a) Electricity is conducted by moving electrons. (b) Unisexual flower has either stamen or carpel in
But carbon forms covalent bonds by sharing of it i.e., it has only male or female part, whereas
electrons. It does not have free electrons. bisexual flower has both stamen and carpel i.e.,
(b) Cyclohexane is a saturated compound in which it has both male and female parts.
carbon atoms are arranged in a ring.
4. (a) Why is vegetative propagation practised for

growing some types of plants ?
(b) Name the different parts of a flower that has
germ cells.
Ans :
(a) Vegetative propagation is performed in the
plants which do not have viable seeds or seeds
which are dormant. Plants which have desirable
superior traits are also vegetatively propagated
There are 6 single bonds present in this compound. because it results in producing identical plants.
Plants which needs intensive care during the
early stages of their development also are
2. (a) State Modern Periodic Law. vegetatively propagated.
(b) Elements A, B, C and D have atomic numbers (b) Anther of stamen and ovule in ovary of pistil
1, 8, 11 and 19 respectively. Choose the odd have germ cells.
element and give reason for your answer.
Ans : 5. Define reproduction. How does it help in providing
(a) Modern periodic law states that the physical stability to the population of species?
and chemical properties of an element are the Ans :
element. The production of new organisms from the
(b) Odd element : B having atomic number 8. existing organisms of the same species is known as
reproduction. one effect of it.

The rate of birth and death in a given population Ans :
determine its stability. The rate of birth should
be approximately equal to the rate of death. So, Biodiversity is the existence of a wide variety of
by checking birth rate, which is increasing at an species of plants, animals and micro-organisms in
alarming rate, stability to population of species can a natural habitat within a particular environment
be provided. or existence of genetic variation within a species.
or Biodiversity of an area is the number of species
What are the advantages and disadvantages of range of different life forms found there. Forests are
asexual reproduction? biodiversity hotspots.
In ecosystem every living being is dependent
Ans : on another living being. If biodiversity is not
The only advantage of asexual reproduction is that maintained, the various links of the food chains go
it is fast and simple and progeny is clone of parent. missing and if one organism goes missing, this will
Disadvantages of asexual reproduction : effect all the living beings who are dependent on it
(a) No variations are produced. Hence no and environmental balance will get disturbed.
evolutionary change takes place. or
(b) In case of any defect in the parent organism, it What will happen if all the carnivore our are
is passed on to the offspring. removed from the earth ?
Ans :
6. How will the magnetic field produced in a current If all the carnivores are removed from the earth,
carrying a circular coil change if we the population of herbivores will increase. Large
(i) increase the value of current ? population of herbivores will overgraze. As a result,
(ii) increase the distance from the coil ? all plants will disappear from the earth surface
Ans : and ultimately the earth may become a desert and
eventually all herbivorous will die to lack of food.
(i) Magnetic field will increase on increasing the
Biosphere will get disturbed which will lead to end
value of the current.
of life on earth.
(ii) Magnetic field will decrease on increasing the
distance from the coil.
or Section B
(a) Swati draws magnetic field lines of field close
to the axis of a current carrying circular loop.
As she moves away from the centre of the 8. Three elements A, B and C have atomic numbers 7,
circular loop she observes that the lines keep on 8 and 9 respectively.
diverging. How will you explain her observation (a) What would be their positions in the Modern
? Periodic Table (Mention group and period
(b) Write two properties of magnetic field lines. both).
Ans : (b) Arrange A, B and C in the decreasing order of
(a) Strength of the magnetic field decreases as their size.
distance increases. This is indicated by the (c) Which one of the three elements is most reactive
decrease in degree of closeness of the lines of and why ?
field. Ans :
(b) Properties : (a) Position of A = 15th group, 2nd period.
(i) The magnetic field lines originate from the Position of B = 16th group, 2nd period.
north pole and merge at the south pole Position of C = 17th group, 2nd period.
outside the magnet and south to north (b) A > B > C
inside the magnet. (c) C is the most reactive as it has smallest size.
(ii) No two magnetic field lines intersect each So, it can easily gain electrons.
other.
9. Draw the structural formulae of all the possible

7. What is biodiversity ? What will happen if isomers of the compound with the molecular formula
biodiversity of an area is not preserved ? Mention C3H6O and also give their electron dot structures.
Ans :
There are two possible isomers of C3H6O. (a) Rr and Rr

These are : (b) Red colour of flower is the dominant trait while
(i) Propanal C2H5CHO and white colour is the recessive trait.
(ii) Propanone CH3COCH3 (c) Monohybrid cross, phenotypic ratio of red and
white flower is 3:1.
11. State Joules law of heating. List two special

characteristics of a heating element wire.
An electric iron consumes energy at the rate of 880
W when heating is at the maximum rate and 440
W when the heating is at the minimum rate. The
applied voltage is 220 V . Calculate the current and
resistance in each case.
Ans :
Joules law : In accordance with Joules law of
heating, if a current I flows through a resistor of
resistance R for a time t , then the heat produced
across the resistor is
H = I 2 Rt Joules
Two characteristics are :
(i) It must not melt at high temperature.
(ii) It has high resistivity.
Maximum power, Pmax = 880 W
Minimum power, Pmin = 440 W
Voltage, V = 220 V
Current, I =?
Resistance, R =?
Net Power = Pmax - Pmin = VI
880 - 440 = 220 # I
440 = 220 # I
I = 2A
V = IR
220 = 2 # R
R = 110 W
12. An electric heater connected to a 220 V line has two

resistance coils of 22 Ohms each.
10. An angiosperm plant having red coloured flowers Calculate the current if these coils are used
when crossed with the other having the same colour (a) Separately
produced 40 progenies out of which 30 plants were (b) In series
with red coloured flowers 10 plants were with white (c) In parallel.
colour flowers.
Ans :
Finds out :
(a) What is the possible genotype of parent plants (a) Separately :
?
Current, I = V = 220 = 10 A
(b) Which trait is dominated and recessive? R 22
(c) What is this cross called as and what is its (b) In series :
phenotyping ratio ?
R = R1 + R2
Ans :
= 22 W + 22 W = 44 W
I = V = 220 = 5 A producers, consumers and decomposer ?

R 44 (c) Write two problems that would arise if there
(c) In parallel :
were no decomposer in are ecosystem.
1 = 1 + 1
R R1 R2 Ans :
(a) (i) UNEP : United Nations Environment
= 1 W+ 1 W = 1 W
22 22 11 Programmes
(ii) CFCs : Chlorofluorocarbon.
R = 11 W
(b) Organisms can be grouped as producers,
I = V = 220 = 20 A consumers and decomposers according to the
R 11 manner in which they obtain their nutrition
from the environment.
or
(c) Two problems that would arise in absence of
By applying right hand thumb rule, show that
decomposer in an ecosystem are :
magnetic lines of force at the center of the circular
(i) Decomposition of garbage as well as dead
current-carrying wire are straight lines in the inward
plants and animals will not take place.
direction when current is clockwise.
(ii) Recycling of nutrients and natural
What happens when the current is reversed?
replenishment of soil will not take place.
Ans :
Section C
14. Answer given questions on the basis of your

The sexual act always has the potential to lead
Fig : Magnetic lines of force at the centre of the to pregnancy will make major demands on the
circular current-carrying wire are straight lines in body and the mind of the woman and if she is not
the inward direction when current is clockwise. ready for it, her health will be adversely affected.
Therefore, many ways have been devised to avoid
Consider a current-carrying straight wire. Magnetic pregnancy.
field around it is in the form of concentric circles.
Now bend this wire in the form of a circular loop
and allow current to pass through it.
Consider three small parts AB , CD and EF at the
circular current-carrying wire. These small parts are
nearly straight, hence right hand thumb rule can
be applied. Let the current move in the clockwise
direction.
Direction of Magnetic Field at O " Apply right
hand thumb rule at each part to find the direction
of magnetic field at O . For each part AB , CD
and EF , Magnetic lines of force at O are straight
and inwards as shown in Figure. If we reverse the
direction of current, the magnetic lines of force will (i) Name any two bacterial diseases that are
remain straight but their direction will be outward. caused due to unprotected sex.
It shows that magnetic lines of force at the center of (ii) In what a pill helps in preventing pregnancy?
a circular current-carrying wire are straight. (iii) What is vasectomy?
or
What are the common side-effects of using
13. (a) What is full form of (i) UNEP (ii) CFCs. contraceptive pills?
(b) On what basis are organisms grouped as
Ans : According to the question,

(i) The two bacterial diseases that are caused due New length of the wire,
to unprotected sex are gonorrhea and syphilis. ll = l
(ii) The pill helps in preventing pregnancy as 2
prevent the release of the ovum, by changing and new area of cross-section,
the hormonal balance. Al = 2A (Given)
(iii) Vasectomy is the surgical process by which
l 2 rl
the vas defers in cut. This prevents the sperms New resistance, Rl = r = =R
from reaching the ejaculatory duct. 2A 4A 4
or 
The common side-effects of using contraceptive pills
are irritation, nausea and mood swings.

Resistance of a conductor depends on the length,
area of cross-section and nature of the material
of the conductor. When a conductor is stretched
(increased in its length), then its area of cross-
section decreases accordingly but the volume (i.e.
area x length) of the conductor remains same.
Resistivity of conductor,
r = RA
l
Where, A = area of cross-section of conductor
l = length of conductor
(i) What do you mean by resistivity ?
(ii) What is the SI unit of resistivity of conductor ?
Resistivity, r = RA
l
2
= ohm - m = ohm - meter
m
(iii) Write one difference between resistance and
resistivity.
or
The resistance ^Rh of a wire of length is halved and
area of cross-section ^Ah is doubled, what is the new
resistance ^Rlh ?
Ans :
(i) Resistivity is defined as the resistance of a
conductor of unit length and unit area of cross-
section.
(ii) (b) SI unit of resistivity is ohm-metre.
(iii) Resistance is that property of a conductor by
virtue of which it opposes or resists the flow of
charges through it. Its SI unit W . Resistivity is
the characteristic property of the material of
the conductor and varies only if its temperature
changes. Its SI unit W -metre.
or
rl
Initially, R = ...(1)
A
(r = resistivity)
Sample Paper 8
SCIENCE (CODE 086)
Section A
1. (a) What is denatured alcohol ?

(b) How many covalent bonds does a molecule of ethane (C 2 H 6) have? Draw its structure to
justify your answer.
2. An element has the electronic configuration 2, 8, 3. What is the atomic number of this element?
To which
(i) group, and (ii) period does this element belong ?
3. In tobacco plant, the male gametes have 24 chromosomes. State the number of chromosomes in
(i) egg nucleus, (ii) zygote, (iii) endosperm and (iv) leaf cell.
4. State in brief the function of the following organs in the human female reproductive system :
(a) Ovary
(b) Fallopian tube
5. State the mode of reproduction in following organisms: Earthworm, Frog, Rhizopus, Plasmodium
or
Name the sex hormones secreted by male and female sex organs in human beings. State one
function of each.
6. A current-carrying straight conductor is placed in east-west direction. What will be the direction
of the force experienced by this conductor due to the earth’s magnetic field ? How is this force
affected on :
(a) reversing the direction of flow of the current ?
(b) doubling the magnitude of the current ?
or
A student while studying the force experienced by a current carrying conductor in a magnetic
field records the following observations :
(i) The force experienced by the conductor increases as the current is increased.
(ii) The force experienced by the conductor decreases as the strength of the magnetic field is
increased.
Which of the two observations is correct and why ?
7. Which one of the following food habits is better and why ?

(a) Plant " Man.
(b) Plant " Goat " Man
or
Name the sources from where the green plants obtain C, H and O.
Section B
8. The elements of the second period of the Periodic Table are given below :
Li, Be, B, C, N, O, F, Ne
(a) Give reason to explain why atomic radius decreases from Li to F.
(b) Identify the most metallic and non-metallic elements.
(c) How does valency change from Li to Ne.
9. Three elements X, Y and Z have atomic numbers 7, 8 and 9 respectively :

(a) State their positions (Group number and period number both) in the modern periodic
table.
(b) Arrange these elements in the decreasing order of their atomic radii.
(c) Write the formula of the compound formed when X combines with Z.
or
An element X has atomic number 19.
(a) Write its electronic configuration.
(b) To which group of the Modern Periodic Table does it belong ?
(c) State the nature of the compound formed by element X with chlorine.
10. (a) What is the role of autosomes?

(b) Why is it that offspring receives traits from both the parents.
11. (a) Define the term volt.

(b) State the relation between work, charge and potential difference for an electric circuit.
Calculate the potential difference been the terminals of a battery if 100 joules of work is
required to transfer 20 coulombs of charge from one terminal of the battery of the other.
12. The current flowing through a resistor connected in a circuit and the potential difference
developed across its ends are as shown in the diagram by milliammeter and voltmeter readings
respectively :
(a) What are the least counts of these meters?
(b) What is the resistance of the resistor?
or
The diagram below shows a coil connected to a center zero galvanometer G . The galvanometer
shows a deflection to the right when the N pole of a powerful magnet is moved to the right as
shown.
(i) Explain why the deflection occurs in the galvanometer.
(ii) Does the direction of current in the coil appear clockwise or anti-clockwise when viewed
from end A ?
(iii) State the observation in G when the coil is moved away from N .
13. (i) What is the height of ozone from the equator ?

(ii) Name the rays against which ozone layer provides protection.
(iii) Name one effect of depletion of ozone.
Section C
part c.
Reproduction in human beings is by sexual reproduction where both the male and female
gametes fertilise to give rise to an embryo. The fertilization of the human embryo occurs inside
the body of the female.
(i) Name the part of the male reproductive system where the formation of sperms takes place.
(ii) What is the other name of the oviduct?
(iii) What is the placenta ?
or
Define the term implantation.
An electrician is a tradesman specializing in electrical wiring of buildings, transmission lines,
stationary machines and related equipment. Electrician may be employed in the installation of
new electrical components or the maintenance and repair of existing electrical infrastructure.
An electrician has made electric circuit of a house in such a way that if a fan is closed, the
lamps also stop glowing.
(i) What is the defect in this type of circuit wiring? Why ?
(ii) Two resistances R1 and R2 are connected turn by turn in parallel and in series. In which
case, the resultant resistance will be less than either of the individual resistances ?
(iii) Which is the better way to connect lights and other appliances in domestic circuit series
connection or parallel connection ?
or
In which type of combination different resistors will have equal value of electric current through
them ?
**********

Science (086)
such questions.
Section A leaf cell.

Ans :
(i) Chromosomes in egg Nucleus — 12
1. (a) What is denatured alcohol ? (ii) Zygote — 24
(b) How many covalent bonds does a molecule (iii) Endosperm — 36
of ethane (C 2 H 6) have? Draw its structure to (iv) Leaf cell — 24
justify your answer.
Ans :
4. State in brief the function of the following organs in
(a) When ethanol is mixed with methanol or some the human female reproductive system :
poisonous substances such as copper sulphate, (a) Ovary
pyridine etc. it becomes unfit for drinking. (b) Fallopian tube
Such an alcohol is called denatured alcohol.
Ans :
(b) Seven single covalent bonds;
(a) Function of ovary : It produces the female
gamete (ovum) as well as secretes the female
hormones (estrogen and progesterone).
(b) Function of fallopian tube : It is the site of
fertilization. Here a female egg may get fused
with the male gamete (sperm).
5. State the mode of reproduction in following

2. An element has the electronic configuration 2, 8, organisms: Earthworm, Frog, Rhizopus, Plasmodium
3. What is the atomic number of this element? To Ans :
which Earthworm — Sexual reproduction
(i) group, and (ii) period does this element belong Frog — Sexual reproduction
? Rhizopus — Spore formation
Ans : Plasmodium — Multiple fission.
(i) Atomic number = 13 or
(ii) Name the sex hormones secreted by male and female
(a) Group number = 13 sex organs in human beings. State one function of
(b) Period number = 3 each.
Ans :
3. In tobacco plant, the male gametes have 24 (i) Hormones secreted by male sex organ :
chromosomes. State the number of chromosomes in Testosterone — It controls the production of
(i) egg nucleus, (ii) zygote, (iii) endosperm and (iv) sperms.
(ii) Hormones secreted by female sex organ :
Estrogen — It controls the production of ova.
6. A current-carrying straight conductor is placed in Section B

east-west direction. What will be the direction of
the force experienced by this conductor due to the
earth’s magnetic field ? How is this force affected 8. The elements of the second period of the Periodic
on : Table are given below :
(a) reversing the direction of flow of the current ? Li, Be, B, C, N, O, F, Ne
(b) doubling the magnitude of the current ? (a) Give reason to explain why atomic radius
Ans : decreases from Li to F.
(b) Identify the most metallic and non-metallic
The direction of the force will be vertically downward elements.
due to the earth’s horizontal magnetic field. (c) How does valency change from Li to Ne.
(a) The direction of the force will become vertically
upward on reversing the direction of the flow of Ans :
the current. (a) Atomic radii decrease in moving from left to
(b) If the magnitude of the current is doubled, right along a period due to increase in nuclear
the force is doubled but remains in the same charge which pulls electrons closer to the
direction. nucleus and thus reduces the size of the atom.
or (b) Li is the most metallic element. F is the most
A student while studying the force experienced by non-metallic element.
a current carrying conductor in a magnetic field (c) Valency first increases from + 1 to 4 and then
records the following observations : decreases from 3 to 0.
(i) The force experienced by the conductor
increases as the current is increased.
9. Three elements X, Y and Z have atomic numbers 7,
(ii) The force experienced by the conductor
8 and 9 respectively :
decreases as the strength of the magnetic field
(a) State their positions (Group number and period
is increased.
number both) in the modern periodic table.
Which of the two observations is correct and why ?
(b) Arrange these elements in the decreasing order
Ans : of their atomic radii.
Observation (i) is correct. (c) Write the formula of the compound formed
It is so because force experienced by a current when X combines with Z.
carrying conductor in a magnetic field is proportional Ans :
to the strength of the current.
(a) Position of X (Atomic number = 7 )
Group number = 15
7. Which one of the following food habits is better and
why ? Period number = 2
(a) Plant " Man. Position of Y (Atomic number 8)
(b) Plant " Goat " Man Group number = 16
Ans : Period number = 2
(a) is better. Position of Z (Atomic number 9)
Reason : According to the ten percent law of nature, Group number = 17
in a shorter food chain maximum transfer of energy Period number = 2
will take place. (b) Size of radii X > Y > Z .
or (c) Formula of the compound when X combines
Name the sources from where the green plants with Z : XZ 3 .
obtain C, H and O. or
Ans : An element X has atomic number 19.
(a) Green plants get C, i.e., Carbon from the CO 2 (a) Write its electronic configuration.
present in the atmosphere. (b) To which group of the Modern Periodic Table
(b) H (Hydrogen) and O (Oxygen) are obtained does it belong ?
from water absorbed from the soil. (c) State the nature of the compound formed by
(c) Oxygen is also obtained from air. element X with chlorine.
Ans :
(a) Electronic configuration of X = 2, 8, 8, 1
(b) Group 1
(c) X will form ionic (electrovalent) compound
with chlorine.
10. (a) What is the role of autosomes?

(b) Why is it that offspring receives traits from
both the parents.
Ans : Ans :
(a) Autosomes are the chromosomes which contain (a) 10 mA and 0.1 V
genes for all somatic trait. They are identical
(b) Given, V = 2.4 volt
in male and females and they do not have any
role in the determination of sex. I = 250 mA = 0.25 A
(b) During sexual reproduction, two haploid As we know that,
gametes which came from father and mother R = V = 2.4 = 9.6 W
having half the number of chromosomes and I 0.25
together to from diploid zygote. It is therefore
the offspring has the chromosomes from both or
parents having different genes of different The diagram below shows a coil connected to a
traits. center zero galvanometer G . The galvanometer
shows a deflection to the right when the N pole of
a powerful magnet is moved to the right as shown.
11. (a) Define the term volt. (i) Explain why the deflection occurs in the
(b) State the relation between work, charge and galvanometer.
potential difference for an electric circuit. (ii) Does the direction of current in the coil appear
Calculate the potential difference been the terminals clockwise or anti-clockwise when viewed from
of a battery if 100 joules of work is required to end A?
transfer 20 coulombs of charge from one terminal of (iii) State the observation in G when the coil is
the battery of the other. moved away from N .
Ans :
(a) The term volt is the S.I. unit of potential
difference. Potential difference is said to be
volt if one joule work is to be done to carry
1 coulomb positive charge from one point to
another.
(b) The relation between work (W ), charge (Q)
and potential difference (V ) for an electric
Ans :
circuit is
(i) This is due to the change in magnetic flux in
V =W the coil. Due to change in magnetic flux, an
Q
induced emf is produced in the coil. Hence a
Given: W = 100 J , and Q = 20 C current flows through the galvanometer.
Potential difference, (ii) The current appears clockwise when viewed
V = W = 100 J = 5 V from end A.
Q 20 C (iii) The galvanometer now deflects towards left.
12. The current flowing through a resistor connected

in a circuit and the potential difference developed 13. (i) What is the height of ozone from the equator ?
across its ends are as shown in the diagram by (ii) Name the rays against which ozone layer
milliammeter and voltmeter readings respectively : provides protection.
(a) What are the least counts of these meters? (iii) Name one effect of depletion of ozone.
(b) What is the resistance of the resistor? Ans :
(i) 10 to 16 km.
(ii) UV rays of sun.
(iii) Skin cancer.
Section C 15. Read the following case based passage and answer
An electrician is a tradesman specializing in
electrical wiring of buildings, transmission lines,
stationary machines and related equipment.
Electrician may be employed in the installation of
new electrical components or the maintenance and
14. Answer given questions on the basis of your repair of existing electrical infrastructure.
understanding of the following paragraph and the An electrician has made electric circuit of a house
related studies concepts. in such a way that if a fan is closed, the lamps also
Reproduction in human beings is by sexual stop glowing.
reproduction where both the male and female (i) What is the defect in this type of circuit wiring?
gametes fertilise to give rise to an embryo. The Why ?
fertilization of the human embryo occurs inside the (ii) Two resistances R1 and R2 are connected turn
body of the female. by turn in parallel and in series. In which case,
the resultant resistance will be less than either
of the individual resistances ?
(iii) Which is the better way to connect lights and
other appliances in domestic circuit series
connection or parallel connection ?
or
In which type of combination different resistors will
have equal value of electric current through them ?
Ans :
(i) Electrician has made series connection of all
the lamps in electric circuit of house because
of which, if one lamp gets fused, all the other
lamps would stop working. This is due to the
fact that when devices are connected in series,
(i) Name the part of the male reproductive system
then if one device fails, the circuit gets broken
where the formation of sperms takes place.
and all the devices in that circuit stop working.
(ii) What is the other name of the oviduct?
(ii) In parallel, because the resultant resistance in
(iii) What is the placenta ?
or parallel circuit is R1 R2 whereas in series the
R1 + R2
Define the term implantation. equivalent resistance is R1 + R2 . Hence,
Ans : equivalent resistance is less in parallel circuit.
(i) The scrotum is the part of the male reproductive (iii) Parallel connection is a better way to connect
system where the formation of sperms occurs. lights and other appliances in domestic circuit.
(ii) The other name of the oviduct is the fallopian It is because when we connect a number of
tube. devices in parallel combination, each device
(iii) The embryo develops a special structure gets the same potential hence keeps on working
called the placenta. This structure helps in even, if other devices stop working.
the transportation of components from the or
mother’s body to the embryo. Placenta also In series combination, different resistors will have
prevents the mixing of the mother’s blood with equal value of electric current.
the baby’s blood.
or
The process by which the blastocyst gets attached
to the lining of the uterus wall is termed as

implantation. It is an important post-fertilisation
process. The successful fusion of male and female
gamete results in implantation.
Sample Paper 9
SCIENCE (CODE 086)

Section A
1. (a) Draw electron dot structure of methane molecule.

(b) Identify the functional groups present in the following compounds :
(i) C 2 H 6 O
(ii) C 2 H 4 O
2. State the positions of

(i) isotopes of the same element, and
(ii) hydrogen in the Modern Periodic Table.
3. (a) Surgical methods can be used to create a block in the reproductive system for contraceptive
purposes. Name such parts where blocks are created in :
(i) males
(ii) females
(b) State any two reasons for using contraceptive devices.
4. (a) What is the difference between self-pollination and cross-pollination ?

(b) What happens to the pollen which falls on a suitable stigma? Explain.
5. What is regeneration of an organism? Describe with a neat diagram the different steps of
regeneration in Planaria.
or
In a sexually reproducing plant, what happens to zygote formed after fertilization? State in
brief.
6. How will this force get affected on :

(i) doubling the magnitude of current ?
(ii) reversing the direction of current flow ?
or
Why does a current carrying conductor kept in magnetic field experience force. On what factors
does the direction of this force depend ? Name and state the rule used for determination of
direction of this force.
7. What would happen if all the decomposers were eliminated from the earth ? Explain.
or
Describe the structure of an ecosystem.
Section B
8. (a) How is the valency of an element determined from its position in the Periodic Table ?
(b) Magnesium has atomic number 12. To which
(i) group, and
(ii) period of the Periodic Table does it belong ?
(c) The valency of all the elements in a group is same. Why ?
9. An element X belongs to 3rd period and group 13 of the modern periodic table :
(a) Determine the valence electrons and the valency of X.
(b) Molecular formula of the compound formed when X reacts with an element Y (atomic
number = 8 )
(c) Write the name and formula of the compound formed when X combines with chlorine.
or
(a) Elements of group 18 are called zero valent.
(b) Elements in a group of Periodic Table have similar chemical properties.
10. In one of his experiments with pea plants, Mendel observed that when a pure tall pea plant is
crossed with a pure dwarf pea plant in the first generation, F1 only tall plants appear.
(a) What happens to the traits of the dwarf plants in this case?
(b) When the F1 generation plants were self-fertilised, he observed that in the plants of second
generation, F2 both tall plants and dwarf plants were present. Why it happened? Explain
briefly.
11. (a) Two conductors A and B of resistances 5 W and 10 W respectively can be arranged in
parallel and later on in series. In each arrangement, the total voltage applied across it is
20 volts. In which arrangement will the voltage across A and B be the same and in which
case will the current flowing through A and B be the same ?
(b) Calculate the total resistance for each arrangement.
12. How would the reading of voltmeter change if it is connected between B and C ?
or
Answer the following questions :
(i) What is the direction of magnetic field lines outside a bar-magnet ?
(ii) What is the SI unit of magnetic field ?
(iii) What does crowding of magnetic field lines indicate ?
(iv) What is the frequency of AC in India ?
(v) Name two organs in the human body where magnetic field is quite significant.
13. It is said that, there is a need to put a complete ban on the products containing aerosols. What
are aerosols ? Why is there a demand to put a ban on them.
Section C
part c.
Reproduction (or procreation or breeding) is the biological process by which new individual
organisms-“offspring” are produced from their “parents”. Reproduction is a fundamental
feature of all known life; each individual organism exists as the result of reproduction. There
are two forms of reprodution: asexual and sexual. In asexual reproduction, an organism can
reproduce without the involvement of another organism. Asexual reproduction is not limited
to single-celled organisms. The cloning of an organism is a form of asexual reproduction. By
asexual reproduction, an organism creates a genetically similar or identical copy of itself. The
evolution of sexual reproduction is a major puzzle for biologists. Sexual reproduction typically
requires the sexual interaction of two specialized organisms, called gametes, which contain half
the number of chromosomes of normal cells and are created by meiosis, with a male typically
fertilizing a female of the same species to create a fertilized zygote. This produces offspring
organisms whose genetic characteristics are derived from those of the two parental organisms.
Asexual reproduction is a process by which organisms create genetically similar or identical
copies of themselves without the contribution of genetic material from another organism.
Bacteria divide asexually via binary fission. Sexual reproduction is a biological process that
creates a new organism by combining the genetic material of two organisms in a process that
starts with meiosis, a specialized type of cell division.
(i) What do you mean by reproduction?

(ii) How many forms of reproduction are there? What are they?
(iii) What do you mean by asexual reproduction?
or
What do you mean by sexual reproduction?
or
Sexual reproduction is a biological process that creates a new organism by combining the
genetic material of two organisms.
Current only flows through a component of a circuit if a potential difference (voltage) is put
across it. The bigger the potential difference across its ends the bigger the current flow. This
is because there is a steeper ‘electric slope’ in place to make the charge slide down... steeper
slope-faster slide.
The equation below is used to work our the resistance of a component from measurements of
the current flowing through it and the potential difference across its ends.
V = IR
where, V = potential difference in volts (V ), I = current in amps (A) and R = resistance in ohms
(W)
There are four factors that affect the resistance of a wire: length, area, material and temperature.
Resistance is proportional to length. If you take a wire of different lengths and give each a
particular potential difference across its ends. The longer the wire the less volts each centimetre
of it will get. This means that the ‘electric slope’ that makes the electrons move gets less steep
as the wire gets longer, means current decreases with increased length and resistance increases.
Resistance is inversely proportional to cross-section-alarea. The bigger the cross-sectional area
of the wire the greater the number of electrons that experience the ‘electric slope’ form the
potential difference. Resistance depends on the material the wire is made of. The more tightly
an atom holds on to its outermost electrons the harder it will be to make a current flow.
Resistance increases with the temperature of the wire. The hotter wire has a larger resistance
because of increased vibration of the atomic lattice.
R = R0 (1 + aT ), where a is the temperature coefficient of resistance.
Answer following questions.
(i) How does resistance of the metals change with increase in temperature?
(ii) Two wires of equal lengths, one of copper and the other of manganin have the same
resistance. Which wire will be thicker?
(iii) There are two conductors X and Y of the same material, having length L and 2L and
having radii r and r/2 respectively. What will be the ratio of their resistance?
or
Draw V - I graph for a metal piece at given temperature.
**********

Science (086)
such questions.
Section A
1. (a) Draw electron dot structure of methane

molecule.
(b) Identify the functional groups present in the
following compounds : 2. State the positions of
(i) C 2 H 6 O (i) isotopes of the same element, and
(ii) C 2 H 4 O (ii) hydrogen in the Modern Periodic Table.
Ans : Ans :
(a) Methane CH 4 (i) Isotopes of the same element are assigned

position in the same slot.
(ii) Hydrogen is placed in the first group and first
period.
3. (a) Surgical methods can be used to create a block

in the reproductive system for contraceptive
purposes. Name such parts where blocks are
created in :
(i) males
(ii) females
(b) State any two reasons for using contraceptive
devices.
Ans :
(b) (a)
(i) C 2 H 6 O (i) Vas deferens
CH 3 - CH 2 - OH " Functional group (ii) Fallopian tube
- OH (alcohol) (b) Reasons for using contraceptive devices :
CH 3 - O - CH 3 " Functional group - O - (i) Spacing between children.
(ether) (ii) Avoiding infectious STDs.
(ii) C 2 H 4 O
O 4. (a) What is the difference between self-pollination
z
CH 3 - C - H " Functional group "- CHO and cross-pollination ?
(Aldehyde) (b) What happens to the pollen which falls on a
suitable stigma? Explain.
Ans :
(a) Self-pollination is the transfer of pollen grains
from the anther of one flower to the stigma of 6. How will this force get affected on :
the same flower or another flower of the same (i) doubling the magnitude of current ?
plant. (ii) reversing the direction of current flow ?
Cross-pollination is the transfer of pollen grains Ans :
from the anther of one flower to the stigma of
another flower growing on another plant of the (i) On doubling the magnitude of the current,
same species. force gets doubled.
(b) Soon after the pollination, the pollen grain (ii) On reversing the direction of the current,
starts germinating and forms a pollen tube. direction of force gets reversed.
The pollen tube grows in the style until reaches or
the embryo sac of ovule, where it fertilizes the Why does a current carrying conductor kept in
female gamete. magnetic field experience force. On what factors
does the direction of this force depend ? Name and
state the rule used for determination of direction of
5. What is regeneration of an organism? Describe with this force.
a neat diagram the different steps of regeneration
Ans :
in Planaria.
An electric current flowing through a conductor
Ans :
produces a magnetic field. This field exerts a force on
Regeneration : The ability of an organism to replace a magnet placed near the conductor. In accordance
its lost body parts is called regeneration. with Newton’s third law, the magnet also exert an
Regeneration in Planaria : In the body of Planaria, equal and opposite force on the current carrying
specialised cells, which can carry out regeneration, conductor. Thus, a magnetic field exerts a force on
are present. When Planaria gets cut into pieces, a current carrying conductor.
these cells proliferate and make large number of If a current I is flowing along the wire of length L
cells. From this mass of cells, different cells undergo , which is placed perpendicular to the direction of
changes to become various cell types and tissues. the magnetic field B , then the force F experienced
These changes take place in an organised sequence by the wire perpendicular to the current and the
and a complete Planaria grows. magnetic field is expressed as :
F = BIL
Then F depends on current I , length L and
strength of field F . The rule is known as Fleming’s
right hand rule.
Fleming’s Right Hand Rule : Hold the thumb, the
fore finger and the center finger of your right hand
at right angles to one another. Adjust your hand in
such a way that fore finger points in the direction
of magnetic field, and thumb points in the direction
of motion of conductor, then the direction in which
center finger points, gives the direction of induced
current in the conductor.
7. What would happen if all the decomposers were

eliminated from the earth ? Explain.
or
Ans :
In a sexually reproducing plant, what happens to
zygote formed after fertilization? State in brief. Decomposers decompose the complex organic
Ans :
molecules present in the dead plants and animals to
the simple molecular level. Thus, decomposers help
Zygote divides to form embryo within ovule. Ovule the return of various nutrients to the soil/water so
develops a tough coat and converts into seed, while that these are available to the producers once again.
Ovary ripens to form fruit. After seed germination So, if decomposers are removed from the earth, the
embryo develop into new plant. soil/water will become deficient in nutrients and the
operation of various mineral cycles will get affected.
or
Describe the structure of an ecosystem. Formula (AlCl 3)

Ans : or
An ecosystem consists of a non-living (abiotic) (a) Elements of group 18 are called zero valent.
environment and a living (biotic) biological (b) Elements in a group of Periodic Table have
community. similar chemical properties.
The non-living environment of an ecosystem
Ans :
consists of the components like water, soil, light,
carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus and (a) Group 18 elements have their outermost shells
other elements. completely filled and these elements have no
The living community is made up of plants, animals tendency to gain or lose electrons. So, elements
and micro-organisms. of these groups are called zero-valent.
(b) Chemical properties of elements are determined
by valence electrons. Since in a group all the
Section B elements have same number of valence electrons,
they exhibit similar chemical properties.
8. (a) How is the valency of an element determined

from its position in the Periodic Table ? 10. In one of his experiments with pea plants, Mendel
(b) Magnesium has atomic number 12. To which observed that when a pure tall pea plant is crossed
(i) group, and with a pure dwarf pea plant in the first generation,
(ii) period of the Periodic Table does it belong ? F1 only tall plants appear.
(c) The valency of all the elements in a group is (a) What happens to the traits of the dwarf plants
same. Why ? in this case?
(b) When the F1 generation plants were self-
Ans :
fertilised, he observed that in the plants of
(a) For elements of groups 1, 2, 13 and 14, the second generation, F2 both tall plants and
valency is equal to the number of valence dwarf plants were present. Why it happened?
electrons. Explain briefly.
For elements belonging to groups 15-18, the Ans :
valency is determined by deducting number of
valence electrons from 8. (a) The dwarf traits of the plants is not expressed
(b) Electronic configuration of Mg — 2, 8, 2. in the presence of the dominate tall trait.
Thus, Mg belongs to Group 2, Period 3. (b) In the F2 generation, both the tall and dwarf
(c) In a group, the number of valence electrons traits are present in the ratio of 3 : 1. This showed
remains the same. Therefore, all the elements that the traits for tallness and dwarfness are
in the group have the same valency. present in the F1 generation but the dwarfness,
being the recessive trait does not express itself
in the presence of tallness, the dominant trait
9. An element X belongs to 3rd period and group 13 of and during gamete formation genes of both
the modern periodic table : characters saprates independently and not
(a) Determine the valence electrons and the effect each other’s functions and inheritance.
valency of X.
(b) Molecular formula of the compound formed
when X reacts with an element Y (atomic 11. (a) Two conductors A and B of resistances 5 W and
number = 8 ) 10 W respectively can be arranged in parallel
(c) Write the name and formula of the compound and later on in series. In each arrangement, the
formed when X combines with chlorine. total voltage applied across it is 20 volts. In
which arrangement will the voltage across A
Ans :
and B be the same and in which case will the
(a) Valence electrons = 3 current flowing through A and B be the same ?
(b) Calculate the total resistance for each
Valency of X = 3 arrangement.
(b) Molecular formula of the compound when X
reacts with an element Y (atomic number = 8 ) Ans :
X 2 Y3 (a) Voltage across A and B will be the same in

(c) Aluminium chloride parallel.
Current flowing through A and B will be the Ans :

same in series. (i) North pole to south pole.
(b) Equivalent resistance in series (ii) Oersted.
= (5 + 10) W = 15 W (iii) Strength of magnetic field.
Equivalent resistance in parallel, (iv) 50 Hz.
1 =1+ 1 = 3 (v) Heart and brain.
R 5 10 10
R = 10 = 3.33 W 13. It is said that, there is a need to put a complete

3 ban on the products containing aerosols. What are
aerosols ? Why is there a demand to put a ban on
12. How would the reading of voltmeter change if it is them.
connected between B and C ? Ans :
Aerosols are the colloidal system of solid or liquid
particles in a gas.
Aerosols are the cause of ozone layer depletion which
protects us from harmful ultraviolet radiations of
sun.
Aerosols also affect our health adversely. Inhaling
aerosols may cause sneezing, coughing, vomiting,
diarrhea, slurred speech, double vision, drowsiness
and muscle pain.
Therefore, there is demand to put ban on them.
Ans : Section C
In the given circuit, R1 = 1 W , R2 = 2 W and This section has 02 case-based questions (14 and 15). Each
R3 = 3 W are connected in series, so case is followed by 03 sub-questions (a, b and c). Parts a
R = R1 + R2 + R3
= 1+2+3 = 6W
Now, from V = IR , we have 14. Answer given questions on the basis of your
I =V = 3 = 1 W understanding of the following paragraph and the
R 6 2 related studies concepts.
Voltage across the resistor, Reproduction (or procreation or breeding) is
R1 = 1 W the biological process by which new individual
organisms-“offspring” are produced from their
V1 = IR = 1 # 1 = 0.5 V “parents”. Reproduction is a fundamental feature
2
of all known life; each individual organism exists
and voltage across the resistor,
as the result of reproduction. There are two
R2 = 3 W forms of reprodution: asexual and sexual. In
V2 = IR = 1 # 3 = 3 V asexual reproduction, an organism can reproduce
2 2 without the involvement of another organism.
Asexual reproduction is not limited to single-celled
or organisms. The cloning of an organism is a form of
Answer the following questions : asexual reproduction. By asexual reproduction, an
(i) What is the direction of magnetic field lines organism creates a genetically similar or identical
outside a bar-magnet ? copy of itself. The evolution of sexual reproduction
(ii) What is the SI unit of magnetic field ? is a major puzzle for biologists. Sexual reproduction
(iii) What does crowding of magnetic field lines typically requires the sexual interaction of two
indicate ? specialized organisms, called gametes, which
(iv) What is the frequency of AC in India ? contain half the number of chromosomes of normal
(v) Name two organs in the human body where cells and are created by meiosis, with a male
magnetic field is quite significant. typically fertilizing a female of the same species to
create a fertilized zygote. This produces offspring or

organisms whose genetic characteristics are derived Sexual reproduction is a biological process that
from those of the two parental organisms. Asexual creates a new organism by combining the genetic
reproduction is a process by which organisms create material of two organisms.
genetically similar or identical copies of themselves
without the contribution of genetic material from 15. Read the following case based passage and answer
another organism. Bacteria divide asexually via the questions given after passage.
binary fission. Sexual reproduction is a biological Current only flows through a component of a circuit
process that creates a new organism by combining if a potential difference (voltage) is put across it.
the genetic material of two organisms in a process The bigger the potential difference across its ends
that starts with meiosis, a specialized type of cell the bigger the current flow. This is because there is
division. a steeper ‘electric slope’ in place to make the charge
slide down... steeper slope-faster slide.
The equation below is used to work our the
resistance of a component from measurements of
the current flowing through it and the potential
difference across its ends.
V = IR
where, V = potential difference in volts (V ), I =
current in amps (A) and R = resistance in ohms
(W)
There are four factors that affect the resistance of a
wire: length, area, material and temperature.
Resistance is proportional to length. If you take a
wire of different lengths and give each a particular
potential difference across its ends. The longer the
wire the less volts each centimetre of it will get.
This means that the ‘electric slope’ that makes the
electrons move gets less steep as the wire gets longer,
means current decreases with increased length and
resistance increases.
Resistance is inversely proportional to cross-
section-alarea. The bigger the cross-sectional area
of the wire the greater the number of electrons that
experience the ‘electric slope’ form the potential
difference. Resistance depends on the material the
wire is made of. The more tightly an atom holds
on to its outermost electrons the harder it will be
(i) What do you mean by reproduction? to make a current flow. Resistance increases with
(ii) How many forms of reproduction are there? the temperature of the wire. The hotter wire has a
What are they? larger resistance because of increased vibration of
(iii) What do you mean by asexual reproduction? the atomic lattice.
or R = R0 (1 + aT ), where a is the temperature
What do you mean by sexual reproduction? coefficient of resistance.
Ans :
(i) How does resistance of the metals change with
(i) Reproduction (or procreation or breeding) is increase in temperature?
biological process by which new individual (ii) Two wires of equal lengths, one of copper and
organisms-“offspring” are produced from their the other of manganin have the same resistance.
“parents”. Which wire will be thicker?
(ii) There are two forms of reproduction. They are (iii) There are two conductors X and Y of the same
asexual and sexual. material, having length L and 2L and having
(iii) In asexual reproduction, an organism can radii r and r/2 respectively. What will be the
reproduce without the involvement of another ratio of their resistance?
organism. or
Draw V - I graph for a metal piece at given

temperature.
Ans :
(i) Increase with the increase in temperature.
(ii) Manganin wire is thicker than Cu wire.
(iii) Resistance of conductor, X
rL
RX = 2 ...(1)
pr
Resistance of conductor, Y
r (2L) 8rL
RY = =
p (r/2) 2 pr2
From equation (1),

RY = 8RX
RX = 1
RY 8
or
According to the ohm’s law V ? I.

Sample Paper 10
SCIENCE (CODE 086)

Section A
1. Complete the following reactions and state the main product formed in each case :
Sunlight
(i) CH 4 + Cl 2
Conc. H 2 SO 4
(ii) CH 3 CH 2 OH 443 K
2. How would the tendency to lose electrons change as you go :

(i) for left to right across a period ?
(ii) down a group ?
3. Draw a neat diagram of female reproductive system in human being and label :
(i) the part which secretes ova.
(ii) the part where implantation takes place.
4. (i) What is vegetative propagation?

(ii) What methods you will use for growing jasmine and rose plants?
5. How does Rhizopus multiply by spores? Explain in brief. Sketch neat labelled diagram of this
method.
or
Pre-natal sex determination has been prohibited by law. State two reasons.
6. (a) State Ohm’s law. Write a mathematical expression for it.

(b) What kind of graph is obtained by plotting values of V and I ? why ?
or
(i) Why are electric bulbs filled with chemically inactive nitrogen or argon ?
(ii) What is meant by the statement that the rating of a fuse in a circuit is 5 A ?
7. Write any two differences between biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances by giving
one example of each from our daily life.
or
Classify the following ecosystems into natural and artificial ecosystem :
Forest ecosystem, aquarium, Marine ecosystem and crop land ecosystem.
Section B
8. A part of the Periodic Table has been shown below :

I II XVI XVII XVIII
Group
Period
1
2 B D C
3 E
On the basis of above table answer the following questions :
(i) Which element will form cation ?
(ii) Which element will have the smallest atomic size?
(iii) Which element will have chemical properties similar to magnesium (atomic number 12) ?
9. (a) Atomic number is considered to be a more appropriate parameter than atomic mass for
classification of elements in a Periodic Table. Why?
(b) How does atomic size of elements vary-on moving from :
(i) left to right in a period ?
(ii) top to bottom in a group ? Give reasons for your answers.
or
(i) What is common in the elements belonging to the same period of Periodic Table ?
(ii) Why are chlorine and bromine kept in the same group in the Periodic Table ?
10. (a) Explain giving examples how artificial selection has helped in the formation of newer
varieties of cauliflower.
(b) List the steps involved in the formation of new species.
(c) How different races of human beings belong to the same species ?
11. State the formula co-relating the electric current flowing in a conductor and the voltage applied
across it. Also show this relationship by drawing a graph.
What would be the resistance of a conductor if the current flowing through it is 0.35 ampere
when the potential difference across it is 1.4 volt ?
12.
In the above circuit diagram calculate :

(b) the total current in the circuit.
(c) the total effective resistance of the circuit.
or
State different ways to induce current in coil.
13. Explain the phenomenon of Biological Magnification. How does it affect organisms belonging
to different trophic levels particularly the tertiary consumers ?
Section C
part c.
Carpel is present at the centre of a flower and is the female reproductive part. It is made of
three parts. The swollen bottom part is the ovary, the middle elongated part is the style and the
terminal part which may be sticky is the stigma. The ovary contains ovules and each ovule ha
an egg cell. The male germ-cell produced by pollen grain fuses with the female gamete present
in the ovule. This fusion of the germ-cells or fertilization gives us the zygote which is capable of
growing into a new plant. Thus, the pollen needs to be transferred from the stamen to stigma. If
this transfer of pollen occurs in the same flower, it is referred to as self-pollination. On the other
hand, if the pollen is tranferred from one flower to another, it is known as crosspollination. This
transfer of pollen from one flower to another is achieved by agents like wind, water or animals.
After the pollen lands on a suitable stigma, it has to reach the female germ-cells which are in
the ovary. For this, a tube grows out of the pollen grain and travels through the style to reach
the ovary.
(i) What is present at the centre of the flower?

(ii) How many parts does the carpel have?
(iii) What do you mean by cross-pollination?
or
What do you mean by self-pollination?
Every electrical appliance like an electric bulb, radio or fan has a label or engraved plate on it
which tells us the voltage (to be applied) and the electrical power consumed by it. For example,
if we look at a particular bulb in our home, it may have the figures 100 W - 220 V written on
it, Now, 100 W means that this bulb has a power consumption of 100 watts and 220 V means
that it is to used on a voltage of 220 volts. The power rating of an electrical appliance tells us
the rate at which electrical energy is consumed by the appliance. For example, a power rating
of 100 watts on the bulb mean that it will consume electrical energy at the rate of 100 joules
per second. If we know the power P and voltage V of an electrical appliance, then we can very
easily find out the current I drawn by it. This can be done by using the formula: P = V # I .
The usual power-voltage ratings of some of the common household electrical appliances and the
current drawn by them are given below.
Power-Voltage Ratings of Some Electrical Appliances
Electrical appliance Usual power Usual voltage
1. Tube light 40 W 220 V
2. Electric bulb (or Lamp) 60 W 220 V
3. Radio set 80 W 220 V
4. Electric fan 100 W 220 V
5. T.V. set 120 W 220 V
6. Refrigerator 150 W 220 V
7. Electric iron 750 W 220 V
8. Electric heater 1000 W 220 V
Electrical appliance Usual power Usual voltage

9. Immersion heater 1500 W 220 V
10. Washing machine 3000 W 220 V
(i) What is current drawn by an electric fan?
(ii) What is the net current drawn by a parallel combination of tube light, electric bulb (or
Lamp) and a radio set when connected with 220 V power supply.
(iii) An electric heater is used for 2 H at 220 V. What is net energy consumed?
or
What is resistance of electric bulb of 60 W?
**********

Science (086)
such questions.
Section A vegetative propagation can be used for growing

rose plant.
1. Complete the following reactions and state the main 4. Draw a neat diagram of female reproductive system
product formed in each case : in human being and label :
Sunlight
(i) CH 4 + Cl 2 (i) the part which secretes ova.
(ii) CH 3 CH 2 OH
Conc. H 2 SO 4 (ii) the part where implantation takes place.
443 K
Ans :
Ans :
Sunlight
(i) CH 4 + Cl 2 CH Cl + HCl
3
Chloromethane
Conc. H 2 SO 4
(ii) CH 3 CH 2 OH 443 K
CH 2 = CH 2 + H 2 O
Ethene
2. How would the tendency to lose electrons change

as you go :
(i) for left to right across a period ?
(ii) down a group ?
Ans :
Tendency to lose electrons :
(i) Decreases with increase in atomic number in a
period from left to right.
(ii) Will increase down a group.
3. (i) What is vegetative propagation? 5. How does Rhizopus multiply by spores? Explain in
(ii) What methods you will use for growing jasmine brief. Sketch neat labelled diagram of this method.
and rose plants? Ans :
Ans : Hyphae of Rhizopus produces tiny structures called
(i) It is a means of propagation in which new sporangia. In these bulbs of sporangia, a number of
plants are obtained from the vegetative parts of spores are produced through mitosis cell division
old plants like stem, roots and leaves, without which are covered by thick walls.
the help of any reproductive organ. Vegetative On maturation, sporangia burst and release spores
propagation is of two types : which germinate into new mycelium in moist
(a) Natural and (b) Artificial. conditions.
(ii) Layering method of artificial vegetative
propagation can be used for growing jasmine
plants. Stem cutting method of artificial
7. Write any two differences between biodegradable

and non-biodegradable substances by giving one
example of each from our daily life.
Ans :
Biodegradable Non-Biodegradable
Substances Substances
1. These are broken There is no effect of
down into simple and micro-organisms on
harmless substances these substance and
by the action of hence they cannot
micro-organisms. be broken down into
or simpler substances.
Pre-natal sex determination has been prohibited by 2. These are obtained These are obtained
law. State two reasons. from living things. from non-living
Ans : things.
Pre-natal sex determination has been prohibited 3. They do not cause They cause environ-
because of; environmental mental pollution
(i) Reckless female foeticide. pollution. Example : Plastic,
(ii) Declining female sex ratio. Example : Paper, Glass, DDT etc.
Cotton, Clothes,
Vegetable peels etc.
6. (a) State Ohm’s law. Write a mathematical
expression for it. or
(b) What kind of graph is obtained by plotting Classify the following ecosystems into natural and
values of V and I ? why ? artificial ecosystem :
Forest ecosystem, aquarium, Marine ecosystem and
Ans :
crop land ecosystem.
(a) At a constant temperature, the current flowing Ans :
through a conductor is directly proportional
to the potential difference across its ends. It is Natural ecosystem : Forest ecosystem and marine
known as Ohm’s law. ecosystem.
Mathematically, Artificial ecosystem : Aquarium and cropland
ecosystem.
V ?I
or V = constant = R
I Section B
or V = IR
(b) The V -I graph of a conductor is a straight line
as V ?I
or V = constant Group I II XVI XVII XVIII
I
or Period
(i) Why are electric bulbs filled with chemically
1
inactive nitrogen or argon ?
(ii) What is meant by the statement that the rating 2 B D C
of a fuse in a circuit is 5 A ? 3 E
Ans :
On the basis of above table answer the following
(i) To prolong the life of filament. questions :
(ii) The maximum current that should flow in the (i) Which element will form cation ?
circuit is 5 A. If it exceeds this, the fuse will be (ii) Which element will have the smallest atomic
blown off. size?
(iii) Which element will have chemical properties
similar to magnesium (atomic number 12) ? (inter modes) between leaves, developed
Ans : cabbage.
2. Farmers who wanted arrested flower
(i) B (ii) C (iii) B development, grew broccoli.
3. Farmers who wanted sterile flower,
9. (a) Atomic number is considered to be a more developed cauliflower, etc.
appropriate parameter than atomic mass for (b) Migration, Gene flow, Natural selection and
classification of elements in a Periodic Table. Mutation.
Why? (c) It is because they are capable of interbreeding.
(b) How does atomic size of elements vary-on
moving from :
(i) left to right in a period ?
(ii) top to bottom in a group ? Give reasons for
your answers.
Ans :
(a) Atomic number gives us the number of protons
in the nucleus of an atom. It increases by one
in going from one element to the next in the
period but atomic mass does not vary regularly.
(b) (i) Atomic radius is generally decreases from left
to right along a period because the electrons
are added to same shell due to this they
experience a great force from the nucleus.
11. State the formula co-relating the electric current
(ii) While atomic radius increases in group
flowing in a conductor and the voltage applied
from top to bottom because new shells are
across it. Also show this relationship by drawing a
added and the electrons are bring away
graph.
from the nucleus.
What would be the resistance of a conductor if the
or
current flowing through it is 0.35 ampere when the
(i) What is common in the elements belonging to
potential difference across it is 1.4 volt ?
the same period of Periodic Table ?
(ii) Why are chlorine and bromine kept in the same Ans :
group in the Periodic Table ? It states that “Physical conditions remaining same
Ans : the current flowing through a conductor is directly
proportional to the potential applied across its two
(i) The elements belonging to the same period
ends.”
have the same number of valence shells.
The graph is as shown below :
(ii) Chlorine and bromine are kept in the same
group as they have same number of valence
electrons (7) and exhibit identical, chemical
behaviour.
10. (a) Explain giving examples how artificial selection

has helped in the formation of newer varieties
of cauliflower.
(b) List the steps involved in the formation of new
species.
(c) How different races of human beings belong to
the same species ?
Ans :
(a) Humans have cultivated wild cabbage and
generated different vegetables by artificial
selection according to the choice and need. Given V = 1.4 Volt , I = 0.35 A . Now, resistance is
For example, given by the expression
1. Farmers who wanted very short distances
R = V = 1.4 = 4 W 13. Explain the phenomenon of Biological Magnification.

I 0.35 How does it affect organisms belonging to different
trophic levels particularly the tertiary consumers ?
12. In the given circuit diagram calculate :
Ans :
(b) the total current in the circuit. Biological magnification : Means accumulation of
(c) the total effective resistance of the circuit. non-biodegradable chemicals like pesticides (DDT)
in the living organisms in a food chain. The increase
in concentration of harmful chemicals in the body of
living organisms of each trophic level of a food chain
is called biological magnification.
Pesticides such as DDT, when enters the food chain,
the plants absorb these harmful chemicals from soil
along with water and minerals. They enter the food
chain at producer level and then transfers to the next
trophic level. In animals, DDT gets accumulate in
fatty tissue, thus, continuous consumption of same
plants results in higher concentration of DDT in
animal get highest levels of these chemicals.
Ans :
Let, R1 = 5 W , R2 = 10 W , R3 = 30 W Section C
and voltage, V = 6 Volt This section has 02 case-based questions (14 and 15).
(a) I1 = V = 6 A = 1.2 A Each case is followed by 03 sub-questions (a, b and c).
R1 5 Parts a and b are compulsory. However, an internal choice
has been provided in part c.
I2 = V = 6 A = 0.6 A
R2 10
I3 = V = 6 A = 0.2 A 14. Answer given questions on the basis of your

R3 30 understanding of the following paragraph and the
(b) I = I1 + I2 + I3 related studies concepts.
Carpel is present at the centre of a flower and is
= 1.2 + 0.6 + 0.2 = 2 A
the female reproductive part. It is made of three
(c) Total effective resistance,
parts. The swollen bottom part is the ovary, the
1 = 1 + 1 + 1 =1+ 1 + 1 middle elongated part is the style and the terminal
Rp R1 R2 R3 5 10 30 part which may be sticky is the stigma. The ovary
= 6 + 3 + 1 = 10 = 1 W
contains ovules and each ovule ha an egg cell. The
30 30 3 male germ-cell produced by pollen grain fuses with
Rp = 3 W the female gamete present in the ovule. This fusion
of the germ-cells or fertilization gives us the zygote
or which is capable of growing into a new plant. Thus,
State different ways to induce current in coil. the pollen needs to be transferred from the stamen
to stigma. If this transfer of pollen occurs in the
Ans : same flower, it is referred to as self-pollination. On
(i) The current can be induced in a coil by rotating the other hand, if the pollen is tranferred from one
it in the magnetic field between the poles of a flower to another, it is known as crosspollination.
U-shaped magnet. This transfer of pollen from one flower to another
(ii) The current can be induced in a coil by keeping is achieved by agents like wind, water or animals.
it stationary and rotating a magnet inside it. After the pollen lands on a suitable stigma, it has to
(iii) The current can be induced in a coil by changing reach the female germ-cells which are in the ovary.
the current continuously in ‘another coil’ kept For this, a tube grows out of the pollen grain and
near it. travels through the style to reach the ovary.
Electrical appliance Usual Usual

power voltage
1. Tube light 40 W 220 V
2. Electric bulb (or 60 W 220 V
Lamp)
3. Radio set 80 W 220 V
4. Electric fan 100 W 220 V
5. T.V. set 120 W 220 V
6. Refrigerator 150 W 220 V
7. Electric iron 750 W 220 V
8. Electric heater 1000 W 220 V
9. Immersion heater 1500 W 220 V
10. Washing machine 3000 W 220 V
(i) What is present at the centre of the flower? Answer following questions.
(ii) How many parts does the carpel have? (i) What is current drawn by an electric fan?
(iii) What do you mean by cross-pollination? (ii) What is the net current drawn by a parallel
or combination of tube light, electric bulb (or
What do you mean by self-pollination? Lamp) and a radio set when connected with
Ans : 220 V power supply.
(i) Carpel is present at the centre of the flower. (iii) An electric heater is used for 2 H at 220 V.
(ii) Carpel has three parts. What is net energy consumed?
(iii) If the pollen is transferred from one flower to or
another, it is known as cross-pollination. What is resistance of electric bulb of 60 W?
or Ans :
If transfer of pollen occurs in the same flower, it is (i) As we know that,
referred to as self-pollination.
P = V#I
15. Read the following case based passage and answer I = P = 100 = 0.45 A
V 220
(ii) 0.81 A
Every electrical appliance like an electric bulb,
radio or fan has a label or engraved plate on it (iii) P = 1000 # 2 = 2 kWh
1000
which tells us the voltage (to be applied) and the
electrical power consumed by it. For example, if we or
look at a particular bulb in our home, it may have 2
the figures 100 W - 220 V written on it, Now, 100 P =V
R
W means that this bulb has a power consumption of
100 watts and 220 V means that it is to used on a 2 (220) 2
R =V = - 807 W
voltage of 220 volts. The power rating of an electrical P 60
appliance tells us the rate at which electrical energy
is consumed by the appliance. For example, a power 
rating of 100 watts on the bulb mean that it will
consume electrical energy at the rate of 100 joules
per second. If we know the power P and voltage V
of an electrical appliance, then we can very easily
find out the current I drawn by it. This can be done
by using the formula: P = V # I . The usual power-
voltage ratings of some of the common household
electrical appliances and the current drawn by them
are given below.
Power-Voltage Ratings of Some Electrical Appliances
Sample Paper 11
SCIENCE (CODE 086)
Section A
1. Write electronic dot structures of

(a) F2
(b) NH 3

(a) Elements C, N, O and F are all placed in the second period in the Periodic Table.
(b) Elements of group 17 are monovalent.
3. (a) What is the site of implantation and development of young one in human female ?
(b) Mention two advantages of using mechanical barriers during sexual act.
4. (a) In the given figure name the parts marked 1 to 6:
(b) Differentiate between self-pollination and cross-pollination.
5. What is meant by pollination? List its two types. State any two agents which help in pollination.
or
What is multiple fission? How does it occur in an organism? Explain briefly. Name one organism
which exhibits this type of reproduction.
6. Give reasons for the following :

(i) What do you understand by the term fuse in an electric circuit ?
(ii) Fuse wire is placed in series with the device.
or
An electric lamp is marked 220 V, 100 W. It is used for 5 hours daily, calculate:
(a) its resistance while glowing.
(b) energy consumed in kWh/day.
7. Suggest some methods of safe disposal of wastes.

or
What is ten percent law ? Explain by an example.
Section B
8. An element belongs to third period and second group of the Periodic Table.
(a) State the number of valence electrons in it.
(b) Is it a metal or a non-metal ?
(c) Name the element.
9. The electronic configuration of these elements X, Y and Z are given below :

X 2
Y 2, 6
Z 2, 8, 2
(i) Which element belongs to second period?
(ii) Which element belongs to second group?
(iii) Which element belongs to eighteenth group ?
or
Give reasons :
(i) Elements in a group have similar chemical properties.
(ii) Elements of Group I forms ions with a charge of + 1.
10. Name the types of sex chromosomes present in

(i) human male and
(ii) human female.
What will be the sex of the child produced if a sperm carrying Y-chromosome fertilizes the egg
? Name an insect in which similar type of sex determination takes place.
11. Derive an expression for equivalent resistance when two resistors of resistance R1 and R2 are
connected in parallel.
12. What would be the readings of ammeter and voltmeter in the given circuit ?
or
Explain two ways to induce current in a coil. When is the induced current produced highest ?
State the rule used to find direction of induced current.
13. Differentiate autotrophs hetrotrophs and decomposer and give one example of each.
Section C
part c.
The reproductive parts of angiosperms are located in the flower. The different parts of a flower
are sepals, petals, stamens and carpels. Stamens and carpels are the reproductive parts of a
flower which contain the germ-cells. The flower may be unisexual (papaya, watermelon) when
it contains either stamens or carpels or bisexual (hibiscus, mustard) when it contains both
stamens and carpels. Stamen is the male reproductive part and it produces pollen grains that
are yellowish in colour. Carpel is present in the centre of a flower and is the female reproductive
part. It is made of three parts. The swollen bottom part is the ovary, middle elongated part is
the style and the terminal part which may be sticky is the stigma. The ovary contains ovules
and each ovule has an egg cell. The male germ-cell produced by pollen grain fuses with the
female gamete present in the ovule. This fusion of the germ-cells or fertilization gives us the
zygote which is capable of growing into a new plant.
(i) What are the different parts of a flower?

(ii) Name the reproductive parts of a flower.
(iii) Which is the male reproductive part of a flower?
or
Which is the female reproductive part of a flower?
The resistivity of alloys are much more higher than those of the pure metals (from which they
are made). For example, the resistivity of manganin (which is an alloy of copper, manganese
and nickel) is about 25 times more than that of copper; and the resistivity of constantan (which
is an alloy of copper and nickel) is about 30 times more than that of copper metal. It is due to
their high resistivities that manganin and constantan alloys are used to make resistance wires
(or resistors) used in electronic appliances to reduce the current in an electrical circuit. Another
alloy having a high resistivity is nichrome. This is an alloy of nickel, chromium, manganese and
iron having a resistivity of about 60 times more than that of copper.
Figure 21.16An electric iron

The heating elements (or heating coils) of electrical heating appliances such as electric iron
and toaster, etc., are made of an alloy rather than a pure metal because (i) the resistivity of an
alloy is much higher than that of pure metal, and (ii) an alloy does not undergo oxidation (or
burn) easily even at high temperature, when it is red hot. For example, nichrome alloy is used
for making the heating elements of electrical appliances heaters (geysers), and hair dryers, etc.,
because:
• Nichrome has very high resistivity (due to which the heating element made of nichrome has
a high resistance and produces a lot of heat on passing current)
• Nichrome does not undergo oxidation (or burn) easily even at high temperature. Due to this
nichrome wire can be kept red-hot without burning or breaking in air.
(i) What is use of metals which have less resistance ?
(ii) What are applications of metals which have high resistance ?
(iii) Nichrome alloy is used for making the heating elements of electrical appliances heaters
(geysers), and hair dryers, etc. Why ?
or
Name the alloys which have very high resistivity as compare to copper.
**********

Science (086)
such questions.
Section A (b) Mention two advantages of using mechanical

barriers during sexual act.
Ans :
1. Write electronic dot structures of (a) Uterus.
(a) F2 (b)
(b) NH 3 (i) It prevents from STD’s.
Ans : (ii) It prevents the entry of sperms in female
genital tract.
4. (a) In the given figure name the parts marked 1 to

6:
2. Account for the following : (b) Differentiate between self-pollination and cross-
(a) Elements C, N, O and F are all placed in the pollination.
second period in the Periodic Table. Ans :
(b) Elements of group 17 are monovalent.
(a) 1. Anther, 2. Filament, 3. Petal, 4. Sepal, 5.
Ans : Stigma. 6. Pistil.
(a) C, N, O and F contain same number of shells, (b) Self-pollination is the transfer of pollen grains
i.e., two shells : K and L. from the anther of one flower to the stigma of
(b) Group 17 elements e.g., F, Cl, Br and I have the same flower or another flower of the same
seven valence electrons. By gaining one electron, plant.
they achieve inert configuration. Hence, they Cross-pollination is the transfer of pollen grains
are called monovalent. from the anther of one flower to the stigma of
another flower growing on another plant of the
same species.
3. (a) What is the site of implantation and development
of young one in human female ?
5. What is meant by pollination? List its two types.
State any two agents which help in pollination. or

Ans :
An electric lamp is marked 220 V, 100 W. It is used
for 5 hours daily, calculate:
Pollination is the process of transfer of pollen grains (a) its resistance while glowing.
from the anther of stamen to the stigma of pistil of (b) energy consumed in kWh/day.
the flower.
Ans :
Types of pollination :
(i) Self-pollination (a) Electric lamp is marked 220 V, 100 W.
(ii) Cross-pollination. Hence, Power of the lamp
Agents that help in pollination : Wind and animals. P = 100 W
or Potential difference applied = 220 V
What is multiple fission? How does it occur in an Resistance of electric lamp while glowing
organism? Explain briefly. Name one organism 2
which exhibits this type of reproduction. R = V = 220 # 220 = 484 W
P 100
Ans : (b) Time,
Division of single called organisms such as malarial t = 5 hours daily
parasite plasmodium into many daughter cells Energy consumed per day
simultaneously is termed multiple fission. During
E = P$t
multiple fission, organism secretes a protective
covering, the cyst around the cell. Inside the cyst, = 100 W # 5 h = 500 Wh
nucleus divides several times to form a number
= 500 kWh = 0.5 kWh
of daughter nuclei. Each daughter nucleus gets 1000
surrounded with a bit of cytoplasm. Thus, a large
member of daughter individuals are formed. On the 7. Suggest some methods of safe disposal of wastes.
arrival of favourable conditions, the cyst ruptures Ans :
and single-called daughter individuals one set free,
which grows into a complete organism. (a) The wastes should be classified into
biodegradable and non-biodegradable.
(b) Biodegradable wastes should be converted into
manure.
(c) Non-biodegrdable waste should be sent in the
factories for recycling.
(d) Plastics should be melt and mixed with asphalt
to make road surface.
(e) Garbage should be thrown away in the land fill
areas.
or
What is ten percent law ? Explain by an example.
Ans :
According to the lindeman’s ten percent law, only
10% of energy entering a particular trophic level
Fig : Multiple fission in plasmodium.
of a food chain is available for transfer to the next
higher trophic level.
This means that the energy available at each
6. Give reasons for the following : successive trophic level is 10% of the previous level.
(i) What do you understand by the term fuse in an For example,
electric circuit ?
(ii) Fuse wire is placed in series with the device. Grass $ Deer $ Lion
100 J 10 J 1J
Ans :
(i) Fuse is the weakest link placed in series in an
electric circuit which melts when the circuit Section B
gets over loaded or short circuited.
(ii) It melts and stops the flow of any unduly high
electric current and breaks the circuit. 8. An element belongs to third period and second
group of the Periodic Table. 10. Name the types of sex chromosomes present in
(a) State the number of valence electrons in it. (i) human male and
(b) Is it a metal or a non-metal ? (ii) human female.
(c) Name the element. What will be the sex of the child produced if a sperm
Ans : carrying Y-chromosome fertilizes the egg ? Name an
insect in which similar type of sex determination
(a) The element has two valence electrons. takes place.
(b) Metal.
Ans :
(c) The element is magnesium.
(a) X and Y are the sex chromosomes present in
males.
9. The electronic configuration of these elements X, Y
(b) XX are sex chromosomes present in female.
and Z are given below :
(c) The sex of the child will be male if a sperm
X 2 carrying Y-chromosome fertilizes the egg.
(d) A similar type of sex determination takes place
Y 2, 6 in Drosophila (fruitfly).
Z 2, 8, 2
(i) Which element belongs to second period? 11. Derive an expression for equivalent resistance when
(ii) Which element belongs to second group? two resistors of resistance R1 and R2 are connected
(iii) Which element belongs to eighteenth group ? in parallel.
Ans : Ans :
(i) The element which has two electron shells in its Consider two resistance R1 and R2 connected in
atom should belong to second period. parallel as shown in Figure. When the current I
In this case, the element Y has two electron reaches point a , it splits into two parts I1 going
shells with electronic configuration 2, 6, 1 through R1 and I2 going through R2 .
therefore, element’s; belongs to second period.
(ii) The element which has 2 valence electron
(except electrons in first valence shell) should
belong to the second group. Here, the element
Z has 2 valence electrons in its atom, therefore,
element Z belongs to second group.
(iii) The element having 2 elections in its only shell
(K shell) or 8 electrons in its valence shell
should belong to eighteenth group of noble
gases. In this case, element X has only one shell
containing 2 electrons, so element X belongs
of eighteenth group of the periodic table. It is Since charge must be conserved, therefore, that
noble gas helium. current I that enters point a must be equal to the
or current that leaves that point. Therefore, we have
Give reasons : I = I1 + I2 ...(1)
(i) Elements in a group have similar chemical Since the resistors are connected in parallel,
properties. therefore, the potential across each must be same,
(ii) Elements of Group I forms ions with a charge hence by Ohm’s law, we have
of + 1.
Ans : I1 = V and I2 = V
R1 R2
(i) Elements. in a group have same number of Substituting in equation (i), we have
valence electrons and same valency, therefore
I =V +V ...(2)
have similar chemical properties. R1 R2
(ii) It is because elements of group 1 lose one Let R p be the equivalent resistance of the parallel
electron to acquire + 1 charge and becomes combination, then by Ohm’s law, we have
stable.
I =V ...(3)
Rp
Hence, from equations (2) and (3), we have
V =V +V 13. Differentiate autotrophs hetrotrophs and

Rp R1 R2 decomposer and give one example of each.
or 1 = 1 + 1 ...(4) Ans :
Rp R1 R2
Heterotrophs : The organisms which cannot make
their own food from the raw materials such as CO 2,
12. What would be the readings of ammeter and
H 2 O etc. using sunlight are called hetetrotrophs.
voltmeter in the given circuit ?
Heterotrophs depend on others organisms for
their food. All animals including human beings
are heterotrophs. Heterotrophs are also termed as
consumers.
The differences between auto-trophs and
decomposers are :
Autotrophs Decomposers
1. Autotrophs Decomposers decompose
make their food the complex molecules
from CO 2, H 2 O present in the bodies
and minerals of the dead plants and
in the presence animals e.g., saprophytic
Ans : of sunlight e.g., bacteria and fungi.
In the given circuit, all resistors are connected in green plants.
series so equivalent resistance, R is given by 2. Autotrophs Decomposers breakdown
R = R1 + R2 + R3 convert simple the complex organic
inorganic substances into simple
= 1+3+2 = 6W substances into inorganic substances.
Also, voltage V = 3 Volt complex organic
substances.
So, I =V = 3 = 1 A
R 6 2
Reading of ammeter will be 0.5 A.
and V = IR = 0.5 # 1 = 0.5 V Section C
Reading of voltmeter will be 0.5 V. This section has 02 case-based questions (14 and 15). Each
or case is followed by 03 sub-questions (a, b and c). Parts a
Explain two ways to induce current in a coil. When and b are compulsory. However, an internal choice has
is the induced current produced highest ? State the been provided in part c.
rule used to find direction of induced current.
Ans : 14. Answer given questions on the basis of your
(i) By moving a magnet towards or away from a coil. understanding of the following paragraph and the
(ii) By varying current in one coil induced emf is related studies concepts.
produced in the coil. The reproductive parts of angiosperms are located
The induced current is highest when the direction in the flower. The different parts of a flower are
of motion of coil is perpendicular to the magnetic sepals, petals, stamens and carpels. Stamens and
field. carpels are the reproductive parts of a flower which
Fleming’s right-hand rule is used to find direction contain the germ-cells. The flower may be unisexual
of induced current. (papaya, watermelon) when it contains either
According to this rule, if we stretch the right-hand stamens or carpels or bisexual (hibiscus, mustard)
such that the thumb, first finger, the central finger when it contains both stamens and carpels. Stamen
and the thumb are mutually perpendicular to each is the male reproductive part and it produces
other. If the first finger points along the direction pollen grains that are yellowish in colour. Carpel is
of the field and the thumb indicates the direction present in the centre of a flower and is the female
of motion of the conductor, then the direction of reproductive part. It is made of three parts. The
induced current is given by the direction of the swollen bottom part is the ovary, middle elongated
central finger. part is the style and the terminal part which may
be sticky is the stigma. The ovary contains ovules
and each ovule has an egg cell. The male germ- than that of pure metal, and (ii) an alloy does not
cell produced by pollen grain fuses with the female undergo oxidation (or burn) easily even at high
gamete present in the ovule. This fusion of the temperature, when it is red hot.
germ-cells or fertilization gives us the zygote which
is capable of growing into a new plant.
Fig : An electric iron
For example, nichrome alloy is used for making the

(i) What are the different parts of a flower? heating elements of electrical appliances heaters
(ii) Name the reproductive parts of a flower. (geysers), and hair dryers, etc., because:
(iii) Which is the male reproductive part of a • Nichrome has very high resistivity (due to which
flower? the heating element made of nichrome has a high
or resistance and produces a lot of heat on passing
Which is the female reproductive part of a flower? current)
Ans : • Nichrome does not undergo oxidation (or burn)
(i) The different parts of a flower are sepals, petals, easily even at high temperature. Due to this
stamens and carpels. nichrome wire can be kept red-hot without
(ii) Stamens and carpels are the reproductive parts burning or breaking in air.
of a flower. Answer following questions.
(iii) Stamen is the male reproductive part of a (i) What is use of metals which have less resistance
flower. ?
or (ii) What are applications of metals which have
Carpel is the female reproductive part of a flower. high resistance ?
(iii) Nichrome alloy is used for making the heating
elements of electrical appliances heaters
15. Read the following case based passage and answer (geysers), and hair dryers, etc. Why ?
the questions given after passage. or
The resistivity of alloys are much more higher Name the alloys which have very high resistivity as
than those of the pure metals (from which they are compare to copper.
made). For example, the resistivity of manganin Ans :
(which is an alloy of copper, manganese and nickel)
is about 25 times more than that of copper; and the (i) Conducting wires
resistivity of constantan (which is an alloy of copper (ii) Heating elements, resistors
and nickel) is about 30 times more than that of (iii)
copper metal. It is due to their high resistivities that (a) Nichrome has very high resistivity (due
manganin and constantan alloys are used to make to which the heating element made
resistance wires (or resistors) used in electronic of nichrome has a high resistance and
appliances to reduce the current in an electrical produces a lot of heat on passing current).
circuit. Another alloy having a high resistivity is (b) Nichrome does not undergo oxidation (or
nichrome. This is an alloy of nickel, chromium, burn) easily even at high temperature.
manganese and iron having a resistivity of about 60 Due to this nichrome wire can be kept red-
times more than that of copper. hot without burning or breaking in air.
The heating elements (or heating coils) of electrical or
heating appliances such as electric iron and toaster, Manganin, constantan, nichrome
etc., are made of an alloy rather than a pure metal 
because (i) the resistivity of an alloy is much higher
Sample Paper 12
SCIENCE (CODE 086)

Section A
1. Write the names of following compounds :

(a) CH 3 CH 2 - C / CH
(b) CH 3 CH 2 OH
2. (a) Why do all the elements of the same group have similar chemical properties ?
(b) Why do all the elements of the same period have different properties ?
3. (a) Give reason : regeneration is not the same as reproduction.

(b) State the mode of asexual reproduction in Plasmodium.
4. (a) State any two changes seen in boys at the time of puberty.
(b) Define fertilization and implantation.
5. Which kind of contraceptive method prevents STDs and how?

or
Name the process of reproduction observed in yeast. Design an activity to observe this mode of
reproduction in a school laboratory. Name one more organism which reproduces by this mode.
6. (a) What material is used in making the filament of an electric bulb ?

(b) Name the characteristics which make it suitable for this.
or
(a) How much current will an electric bulb draw from a 220 V source if the bulb filament is
1200 W.
(b) How much current will an electric heater will draw from a 220 V source if the resistance
of the heater is 100 W .
7. Observe the food chain :
(a) If autotrophs occupying the first trophic level are called producers, what are herbivores
called as ?
(b) How much energy does the lion get in the above food chain ?
or
Write differences between food chain and food web.
Section B
8. An element X placed in 2nd group and 4th period of the Periodic Table burns in the presence
of oxygen to form a basic oxide.
(a) Identify the element.
(b) Write the electronic configuration.
(c) Write a balanced equation for the reaction when this oxide is dissolved in water.
9. Calcium is an element with atomic number 20. Stating the reason answer each of the following
questions :
(i) Is calcium a metal or non-metal ?
(ii) Will its atomic radius be larger or smaller than that of potassium with atomic number 19
?
(iii) Write the formula of its oxide.
or
What would be the electron dot structure of carbon dioxide which has the formula CO 2 ?
10. In humans, genetically the sex of a child is determined by the father and not by the mother.
Explain.
11. A wire of resistance 6 W is bent to form a closed square. What is the resistance across a diagonal
of the square ?
12. (a) What is the total resistance of n resistors each of resistance R connected in :
(i) Series,
(ii) Parallel.
(b) Calculate the resultant resistance of 3 resistors 3 W , 4 W and 12 W connected in parallel.
or
How can the magnitude of the induced current be increased ?
13. Define an ecosystem. Draw a block diagram to show the flow of energy in an ecosystem.
Section C
part c.
To carry out a simple function such as eating food there has to be coordination of the eyes,
hands and the mouth. The eyes have to focus on the food, the hands have to pick it up and
take it to the mouth where it will be chewed. All these actions have to be coordinated in
such a manner that they follow a particular sequence and the action is completed. A similar
mechanism is also needed for internal functions of the body. This function is carried out by the
nervous system.
It is composed of :
(a) specialised cells which can detect, receive and transmit different kinds of stimuli. These
are called neurons.
(b) nerve fibres which are certain bundles of extended processes of nerve cells.
The individuals also have to adjust to the changing conditions of the body should vary their
responses. At the same time, the internal conditions of the body should be maintained constant.
This is called homeostasis. The internal conditions of the body are maintained at a constant by
controlling the physiology of the organisms.
(i) What will the correct sequence in which conduction of information through nerves take
place?
(ii) How homeostasis is said to maintain the equilibrium of the body?
(iii) What function does the central nervous system perform?
or
What happens when the dendrite tip of a nerve cell receives a signal?
We find that of all the metals, silver has the lowest resistivity (of 1.60 # 10-8 W m), which means
that silver offers the least resistance to the flow of current through it. Thus, silver metal is the
best conductor of electricity. It is obvious that we should make electric wires of silver metal. But
silver is a very costly metal. The resistivity of most of the metals increases with temperature.
On the other hand, the resistivity of insulators like ebonite, glass and diamond is very high and
does not change with temperature.
Semi-conductors 1. Germanium 0.6 Wm
2. Silicon 2300 Wm
Insulators 1. Glass 1010 to 1014 Wm
2. Paper (Dry) 1012 Wm
3. Diamond 1012 to 1013 Wm
4. Hard rubber 1013 to 1016 Wm
5. Ebonite 1015 to 1017 Wm
The resistivity of semi-conductors like silicon and germanium is in-between those of conductors
and insulators and decreases on increasing the temperature. Semiconductors are proving to be
of great practical importance because of their marked change in conducting properties with
temperature, impurity, concentration, etc. Semiconductors are used for making solar cells and
transistors.
Answer the following questions using the above data:
(i) How does resistivity of diamond change with increase in temperature ?
(ii) Name any two substance which have great change in conducting properties with impurity,
concentration.
(iii) Silver is better conductor than copper but we use copper. Why ?
or
What is the effect of temperature on the resistivity of semiconductor ?
**********

Science (086)
such questions.
Ans :
Section A
(a) (i) Boys begin to have thick hair growth on the
face.
1. Write the names of following compounds : (ii) Their voices begin to crack.
(a) CH 3 CH 2 - C / CH (b) Fertilization is the fussion of haploid male and
(b) CH 3 CH 2 OH female gametes to form a diploid zygote.
Ans : Implantation is the process of attachment
of embryo in the uterine wall for further
(a) Butyne, development.
(b) Ethanol.
5. Which kind of contraceptive method prevents STDs

2. (a) Why do all the elements of the same group have and how?
similar chemical properties ?
Ans :
(b) Why do all the elements of the same period
have different properties ? Barrier method prevents STDs because by this
Ans : method there is no direct contact of genital organs
of male and female and thus it prevents transmission
(a) The elements of same group have similar of infection.
chemical properties because they have same or
number of valence electrons. Name the process of reproduction observed in
(b) All the elements of the same period have yeast. Design an activity to observe this mode of
different properties because they have different reproduction in a school laboratory. Name one more
number of valence electrons. organism which reproduces by this mode.
Ans :
3. (a) Give reason : regeneration is not the same as
• Yeast reproduce through budding, a mode of
reproduction.
asexual reproduction.
(b) State the mode of asexual reproduction in
• Observe the permanent slide of yeast under
Plasmodium.
compound micro scope or growth yeast in a
Ans : sugar solution and then observe under compound
(a) Regeneration is not the same as reproduction microscope.
since most organisms would not be able to • Hydra also reproduce through budding.
reproduce if cut. It is the ability to repair body
parts, not to produce a new individual. 6. (a) What material is used in making the filament of
(b) Multiple fission. an electric bulb ?
(b) Name the characteristics which make it suitable
4. (a) State any two changes seen in boys at the time for this.
of puberty. Ans :
(b) Define fertilization and implantation.
(a) Tungsten is used in making the filament of an Food chain Food web
electric bulb.
(b) Tungsten has high melting point. 1. It is a list of It is a network of a
Tungsten has high resistivity to retain much organisms showing large number of food
heat. ‘who eats whom’. chains existing in an
or ecosystem.
(a) How much current will an electric bulb draw 2. All food chains begin A food web has
from a 220 V source if the bulb filament is with a producer green many intercrosses
1200 W . plant (or grass), which and linkages
(b) How much current will an electric heater will is the ultimate source among the various
draw from a 220 V source if the resistance of of all foods and end at producers and
the heater is 100 W . top consumer. consumers.
Ans :
(a) Given, R = 1200 W , V = 220 volt

Section B
I = V = 220 V = 11 A
R 1200 W 60
(b) Given, R = 100 W , V = 220 volt 8. An element X placed in 2nd group and 4th period of
The current flows through the bulb is given by the Periodic Table burns in the presence of oxygen
to form a basic oxide.
I = V = 220 V = 2.2 A
R 100 W (a) Identify the element.
(b) Write the electronic configuration.
7. Observe the food chain : (c) Write a balanced equation for the reaction
when this oxide is dissolved in water.
Ans :
(a) The element X is Calcium (Ca).
(b) Electronic configuration of Ca :
2, 8, 8, 2
(c) 2Ca + O 2 $ 2CaO
CaO + H 2 O $ Ca (OH) 2
(a) If autotrophs occupying the first trophic level
are called producers, what are herbivores called 9. Calcium is an element with atomic number 20.
as ? Stating the reason answer each of the following
(b) How much energy does the lion get in the above questions :
food chain ? (i) Is calcium a metal or non-metal ?
Ans : (ii) Will its atomic radius be larger or smaller than
that of potassium with atomic number 19 ?
(a) Herbivores are called primary consumers.
(iii) Write the formula of its oxide.
(b) According to 10% law, energy available to goat
Ans :
= 10% of 1000 kJ
(i) Ca(20) : 2, 8, 8, 2.
= 100 kJ
It is a metal because it can lose 2 electrons to
Similarly, energy available to lion
become stable.
= 10% of 100 kJ
= 10 kJ
or
Write differences between food chain and food web.
(ii) It will be smaller due to greater effective
Ans :
nuclear charge.
(iii) CaO is formula of its oxide.
or
What would be the electron dot structure of carbon
dioxide which has the formula CO 2 ?
Ans :
The atomic number (Z) for carbon is six and its Rl = 1.5 + 1.5 = 3 W
electronic configuration is 2, 4. Carbon has four Rll = 1.5 + 1.5 = 3 W
valence electrons. Each oxygen atom (Z = 8) has 1 =1+1 =2
six valence electrons (2, 6). In order to complete R 3 3 3
its octet, the carbon atom shares its four valence
electrons with the four electrons of the two oxygen R = 3 = 1.5 W
2
atoms as follows :
12. (a) What is the total resistance of n resistors each
of resistance R connected in :
(i) Series,
(ii) Parallel.
or O = C = O (b) Calculate the resultant resistance of 3 resistors
3 W , 4 W and 12 W connected in parallel.
10. In humans, genetically the sex of a child is Ans :
determined by the father and not by the mother. (a) Total resistance of n identical resistors each of
Explain. resistance R in series is
Ans :
Rs = R + R + R + ..... + R
In humans, genetically the sex of a child is determined
(upto n times)
by the father and not by the mother because in
father, there are two types of sex chromosomes = nR
present X and Y, whereas in mother the both sex Also, total resistance of n identical resistors each of
chromosomes are X. Hence, a male child will be resistance R in parallel is
born if a sperm carrying Y-chromosome fertilizes 1 = n b 1 + 1 + ..... + n l
the egg. While a female child will be born if a sperm Rp R R R
carrying X-chromosome fertilize the egg.
Rp = R
n
11. A wire of resistance 6 W is bent to form a closed 1 = 1 + 1 + 1 =1+1+ 1
(b)
square. What is the resistance across a diagonal of Rp R1 R2 R3 3 4 12
the square ? 1 = 4+3+1 = 8
Ans : R 12 12
R = 12 = 1.5 W
Total resistance of the wire = 6 W 8
or
How can the magnitude of the induced current be
increased ?
Ans :
The magnitude of the induced current can be
increased by :
(i) Taking the conductor in the form of a coil of
many turns of insulated wire.
(ii) Increasing the strength of the magnetic field
used.
(iii) Increasing the rate of change of magnetic flux
AB = BC = CD = AD associated with the coil.
R1 = R2 = R3 = R 4
13. Define an ecosystem. Draw a block diagram to show
= 6 = 1.5 W the flow of energy in an ecosystem.
4
Resistance across AC is given by R , Ans :
1 = 1 + 1 > Rl = R1 + R2 H Ecosystem refers to the interaction of all the biotic

R Rl Rll Rll = R3 + R 4
and abiotic components present in a particular area extended processes of nerve cells.
of an environment. Energy flow across the various
trophic levels of a food chain follows the Lindeman’s
10% law. According to this, only 10% of the energy
available to a trophic level is passed on to the next
trophic level.
The individuals also have to adjust to the changing

conditions of the body should vary their responses.
At the same time, the internal conditions of the
body should be maintained constant. This is called
homeostasis. The internal conditions of the body
are maintained at a constant by controlling the
physiology of the organisms.
(i) What will the correct sequence in which
(i) For example 10,000 J. energy is available to conduction of information through nerves take
producer. place?
(ii) Then 1000 J energy will be available to primary (ii) How homeostasis is said to maintain the
consumer. equilibrium of the body?
(iii) 100 J energy will be available to secondary (iii) What function does the central nervous system
consumer. perform?
(iv) 10 J energy will be available to tertiary or
consumers. What happens when the dendrite tip of a nerve cell
receives a signal?
Section C Ans :
This section has 02 case-based questions (14 and 15). Each (i) Dendries $ Cell body $ Axon $
case is followed by 03 sub-questions (a, b and c). Parts a Nerve endings at the tip of axon $ Synapse
and b are compulsory. However, an internal choice has $ Dendrite of next neuron
been provided in part c. (ii) Homeostasis maintains the equilibrium of the
body and keep the overall system constant.
(iii) The central nervous system is comprised of the
14. Answer given questions on the basis of your brain and the spinal cord which process the
understanding of the following paragraph and the information received from the receptors on/in
related studies concepts. the body.
To carry out a simple function such as eating food or
there has to be coordination of the eyes, hands and Upon receiving a signal the dendrite tip of a nerve
the mouth. The eyes have to focus on the food, the cell sets off a chemical reaction that creates an
hands have to pick it up and take it to the mouth electrical impulse in the dendrite.
where it will be chewed. All these actions have to
be coordinated in such a manner that they follow
a particular sequence and the action is completed. 15. Read the following case based passage and answer
A similar mechanism is also needed for internal the questions given after passage.
functions of the body. This function is carried out We find that of all the metals, silver has the lowest
by the nervous system. resistivity (of 1.60 # 10-8 W m), which means that
It is composed of : silver offers the least resistance to the flow of
(a) specialised cells which can detect, receive and current through it. Thus, silver metal is the best
transmit different kinds of stimuli. These are conductor of electricity. It is obvious that we should
called neurons. make electric wires of silver metal. But silver is a
(b) nerve fibres which are certain bundles of very costly metal. The resistivity of most of the
metals increases with temperature. On the other

hand, the resistivity of insulators like ebonite, glass
and diamond is very high and does not change with
temperature.
Semi- 1. Germanium 0.6 Wm

conductors 2. Silicon 2300 Wm
Insulators 1. Glass 1010 to 1014 Wm
2. Paper (Dry) 1012 Wm
3. Diamond 1012 to 1013 Wm
4. Hard rubber 1013 to 1016 Wm
5. Ebonite 1015 to 1017 Wm
The resistivity of semi-conductors like silicon and
germanium is in-between those of conductors
and insulators and decreases on increasing the
temperature. Semiconductors are proving to be of
great practical importance because of their marked
change in conducting properties with temperature,
impurity, concentration, etc. Semiconductors are
used for making solar cells and transistors.
Answer the following questions using the above
data:
(i) How does resistivity of diamond change with
increase in temperature ?
(ii) Name any two substance which have great
change in conducting properties with impurity,
concentration.
(iii) Silver is better conductor than copper but we
use copper. Why ?
or
What is the effect of temperature on the resistivity
of semiconductor ?
Ans :
(i) No change
(ii)
1. Germanium
2. Silicon
(iii) Though silver is a very good conductor of
electricity but still that is not used in electric
wiring primarily due to its cost. It’s very
expensive compared to the widely used wiring
material copper. Another reason for not using
silver is that, it oxidizes easily and tarnishes
when it comes in contact with air.
or
As the temperature of semiconductor in increased,
more number of free electrons are released and so its
conductivity increases. Thus its electrical resistivity
decreases with increases in temperature.

Sample Paper 13
SCIENCE (CODE 086)
Section A
1. Draw the electron dot structures of :

(a) C 2 H 2 ,
(b) C 2 H 5 OH
2. Consider the following elements :

Na, Ca, Al, K, Mg, Li
(a) Which of these elements belongs to the same period of the periodic table ?
(b) Which of these elements belong to the same group of the periodic table ?
3. (a) Name the parts 1 to 5 of human female reproductive system.

(b) Name the part in which fertilization takes place in this system.
4. (a) Write the functions of the following parts in human female reproductive system :
(i) Ovary,
(ii) Oviduct.
(b) Write the structure and function of placenta.
5. You soak seeds of bean and observe them after 2-3 days. What will be your observations?
or
With the help of diagram show the different stages of binary fission in Amoeba.
6. (a) What is meant by electric resistance of conductor?

(b) A wire of length L and resistance R is stretched so that the length is doubled and area of
cross section halved. How will (i) resistance change and (ii) resistivity change.
or
Two identical resistors, each of resistance 50 W are connected (i) in series (ii) in parallel, in turn,
to a battery of 10 V. Calculate the ratio of power consumed in the combination of resistors in
the two cases.
7. What are the producers ? Give suitable examples.

or
What happens to the dead bodies ?
Section B
8. (a) Name two elements that have two electrons in their outermost shells.
(b) How would the following properties of the element vary down the group in the Modern
Periodic Table ? Give reasons.
(i) Tendency to lose electron.
(ii) Valency.
9. An element X belongs to group 17 and third period of the Periodic Table :

(a) Write electronic configuration of the element. What is its valency ?
(b) Predict its nature, whether it is a metal or a non-metal.
(c) Give the formula of the compound formed when it combines with an element having
valency three.
or
“Carbon forms strong bonds with most other elements making the compounds exceptionally
stable.” Give reason to justify this statement.
10. Name the type of sex-chromosome present in :

(a) Human male and human female.
(b) What will be the sex of offspring if sperm carrying X chromosome fertilizes the egg?
(c) Name an animal in which individuals can change sex. What does it indicate ?
11. A hot plate of an electric oven, connected to a 200 V line. It has two resistance coils A and
B each of the 30 W which may be used separately, in series or in parallel. Find the value of the
current required in each of the three cases.
12. Three 2 W resistors A , B and C are connected as shown in figure. Each of them dissipates energy
and can withstand a maximum power of 18 W without melting. Find the maximum current
that can flow through the three resistors.
or
State Fleming’s left hand rule. A positively charged particle projected towards west is deflected
towards north by a magnetic field. Find the direction of magnetic field.
13. Explain some harmful effects of agricultural practices on the environment.
Section C
part c.
To make a bread dough, a baker mixes flour, sugar and baking powder (mixture of baking soda
and tartaric acid). After mixing all the ingredients, the dough is placed in a container for a
few hours (in an oven). On heating, the mixture releases carbon dioxide gas leaving bubbles
behind. This increases the size of the bread and makes it soft and spongy. Tartaric acid helps
in removing bitter taste.
(i) ‘Yeast can be used in place of baking powder for making bread dough’. What is yeast?
(ii) What would you use to measure pH of baking powder?
(iii) Why does the bread dough rise?
or
Based on the graph represented alongside, answer the following questions:
A bakery shop started using baking soda instead of baking powder for baking cakes. What
could be the reason for the decrease in the sale of cakes?
R = r# l
A
Some materials have low resistance, whereas some other have much higher resistance. In general,
an alloy has higher resistance than pure metals which from the alloy.
Copper, silver, aluminium, etc., have very low resistance.
Nichrome, constantan, etc., have higher resistance. Nichrome is used for making heating
elements of heaters, toasters, electric iron, etc.
Read the following information:
• Resistivity of copper is lower than that of aluminium which in turn is lower than that of
constantan
• Six wires labelled as A, B, C, D, E, F have designed as per the following parameters:
Wire Length Diameter Material Resistance
A l 2d Aluminum R1
B 2l d/2 Constantan R2
C 3l d/2 Constantan R3
D l/2 3d Copper R4
E 2l 2d Aluminum R5
F l/2 4d Copper R6
Answer the following questions using the above data:
(i) Arrange R1, R3 and R5 in ascending order of their values. Justify your answer.
(ii) Nichrome is used for making heating elements of heaters, toasters, electric iron, etc. Why
?
(iii) Which of the wires has maximum resistance and why?
or
Which of the wires has minimum resistance and why?
**********

Science (086)
such questions.
Section A reproductive system.

(b) Name the part in which fertilization takes place
in this system.
1. Draw the electron dot structures of :
(a) C 2 H 2 ,
(b) C 2 H 5 OH
Ans :
Ans :
(a) 1. Fallopian tube, 2. Ovary, 3. Uterus, 4.
Cervix, 5. Vagina
(b) Fertilization takes place in fallopian tube.
If the fallopian tube is blocked, no fertilization
will take place as the ovum and sperm will not
be able to fuse.
2. Consider the following elements :
Na, Ca, Al, K, Mg, Li
(a) Which of these elements belongs to the same 4. (a) Write the functions of the following parts in
period of the periodic table ? human female reproductive system :
(b) Which of these elements belong to the same (i) Ovary, (ii) Oviduct.
group of the periodic table ? (b) Write the structure and function of placenta.
Ans : Ans :
(a) Elements which belong to the same period : Na, (a)
Mg, Al. They belong to 3rd period of periodic (i) Ovary : Production of ova and sex hormones.
table. (ii) Oviduct : Site of fertilization.
(b) Elements which belong to the same group : Li, (b) Placenta : A special tissue embedded in the
Na, K. These belong to group 1 of the periodic uterus wall with the help of which human
table. embryo gets nutrition from mother’s blood.
Functions :
(i) To provide large surface area for glucose and
3. (a) Name the parts 1 to 5 of human female
O 2 to pass through mother’s blood to the Rl = r 2L

embryo. A/2
(ii) The metabolic waste generated by embryo is Rl = 4r L
removed through placenta into mother’s blood. A
Rl = 4R
(ii) Resistivity of the wire will be same.
5. You soak seeds of bean and observe them after 2-3
or
days. What will be your observations?
Two identical resistors, each of resistance 50 W
Ans : are connected (i) in series (ii) in parallel, in turn,
It will be observed that the seed coat would become to a battery of 10 V. Calculate the ratio of power
soft and gets ruptured. Between the two cotyledons consumed in the combination of resistors in the two
of the bean, radical emerges first and this is followed cases.
by emergence of leafy plumule. Ans :
or
(i) The effective resistance of two resistors
With the help of diagram show the different stages
connected in series is given by
of binary fission in Amoeba.
Rs = R1 + R2
Ans :
= 50 W + 50 W = 100 W
and power in series,
2 2
Ps = V = 10 = 1 W
Rs 100
(ii) The effective resistance of two resistors
connecting in parallel is
Pp = R1 R2 = 50 # 50 = 25 W
R1 + R2 100
Fig : Binary fission in Amoeba Power in parallel,
2 2
In Amoeba, asexual reproduction in suitable Pp = V = 10 = 4 W

Rp 25
conditions takes place by binary fission. In this Required ratio :
process, the Amoeba divides into two daughter cells
and each one of them grows into an adult organism. Ps = 1 W = 1 : 4
Pw 4W
During this, the nuclear division takes place first,
followed by the appearance of a constriction in the
7. What are the producers ? Give suitable examples.
cell membrane, which gradually increases inwards
and divides the cytoplasm into two parts. Finally, Ans :
two daughter organisms are formed. Producers or autotrophs are the organisms that can
make their own food from carbon dioxide and water
6. (a) What is meant by electric resistance of in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll. This
conductor? process is called photosynthesis in which producers
(b) A wire of length L and resistance R is stretched convert sun light in the form of food (chemical
so that the length is doubled and area of cross energy).
section halved. How will (i) resistance change Examples : Green plants and algae are autotrophs
and (ii) resistivity change. or producers.
or
Ans :
What happens to the dead bodies ?
(a) Resistance of a conductor means obstruction in Ans :
flow of current through it.
(b) Initial length of the wire = L . So, its new length The microorganisms comprising bacteria and
Ll = 2L and area of its cross-section = A fungi breakdown the dead bodies into simpler
forms and recycle nutrients in environment. These
New area, Al = A/2 microorganisms are called decomposer.
Now, R = r L and Rl = r Ll
A Al
(i) and new resistance, Section B
8. (a) Name two elements that have two electrons in bonds with other carbon atoms; this results in
their outermost shells. compounds having long branched chains and
(b) How would the following properties of the rings.
element vary down the group in the Modern (b) Tetravalency : Carbon has 4 valence electrons,
Periodic Table ? Give reasons. so it is capable of forming covalent bonds with
(i) Tendency to lose electron. 4 other atoms.
(ii) Valency.
Ans : 10. Name the type of sex-chromosome present in :
(a) Magnesium and calcium. (a) Human male and human female.
(b) (b) What will be the sex of offspring if sperm
(i) On moving down the group, the tendency carrying X chromosome fertilizes the egg?
to lose electron increases. This is because (c) Name an animal in which individuals can
the atomic size gradually increases and change sex. What does it indicate ?
force of attraction for the valence electron Ans :
decreases.
(a) A sex chromosome is one which helps in sex-
(ii) Valency of the elements in a group remains
determination of an organism.
same since the number of valence electrons
In human males, the sex chromosomes are XY
are same.
and the gametes (sperms) they produce are of
two types : X-bearing and Y-bearing.
9. An element X belongs to group 17 and third period In females, the sex chromosomes are XX and
of the Periodic Table : the gametes (eggs) they produce are of only
(a) Write electronic configuration of the element. one type : X-bearing.
What is its valency ? (b) If sperm carrying X chromosome fertilizes the
(b) Predict its nature, whether it is a metal or a egg, the child will be female; (XX).
non-metal. (c) Snail can change sex according to temperature
(c) Give the formula of the compound formed when during incubation. Sex is not determined
it combines with an element having valency genetically in such animals.
three.
Ans : 11. A hot plate of an electric oven, connected to a 200
(a) Electronic configuration of X = 2, 8, 7 V line. It has two resistance coils A and B each of
Valency of X = 1 the30 W which may be used separately, in series or
(b) The element X is a non-metal. in parallel. Find the value of the current required in
(c) YX3 . each of the three cases.
or Ans :
“Carbon forms strong bonds with most other
elements making the compounds exceptionally Given, V = 220 Volt
stable.” Give reason to justify this statement. Resistance of coil A (RA) = Resistance of coil B (RB)
= 30 W
Ans :
(a) When coil A and B is used separately, then
Carbon has 4 electrons in its outermost shell and
-- I = V/R = 220/30 = 7.33 A
requires 4 more electrons to attain a noble gas
(b) When the coils are connected in series, the
electronic configuration. It cannot form an ion, as a
total resistance is
huge amount of energy is required for the removal
of 4 valence electrons. The ion thus formed will RS = RA + RB = 30 + 30 = 60 W
have 6 protons and 2 electrons, which will make Hence, current,
it highly unstable, Carbon cannot form an ion, as IS = V/RS = 220/60 = 3.67 A
its nucleus with 6 protons cannot 10 electrons due (c) When the coils are connected in parallel, the
to inter electronic repulsion. So, carbon achieves a total resistance is
noble gas electronic configuration only by sharing 1 = 1 + 1 = 1 + 1 = 1
its 4 valence electrons with other elements. Thus, it RP RA RB 30 30 15
forms compounds mainly by covalent bonds.
The two main reason for carbon forming a large or RP = 15
number of compounds are as follows : Hence, current is
(a) Catenation : It is the ability of carbon to form I = V/R = 220/15 = 14.67 A
12. Three 2 W resistors A, B and C are connected as (a) Excessive use of fertilizers changes the
shown in figure. Each of them dissipates energy and properties of soil and kills useful microbes.
can withstand a maximum power of 18 W without (b) Excessive use of non-biodegradable chemical
melting. Find the maximum current that can flow pesticides leads to biological magnification.
through the three resistors. (c) Extensive cropping causes loss of soil fertility.
(d) Excess use of ground water for agriculture
lowers the water table.
(e) Damage to natural ecosystem/habitat due to
soil and water pollution.
Section C
Ans : This section has 02 case-based questions (14 and 15).
Each case is followed by 03 sub-questions (a, b and c).
Maximum current through resistor A can be
Parts a and b are compulsory. However, an internal choice
calculated by
I = P = 18 A = 3 A
R 2
Also, resistors B and C are connected in parallel 14. Answer given questions on the basis of your
combination and they have equal resistance. understanding of the following paragraph and the
Thus, the maximum current through resistors B related studies concepts.
To make a bread dough, a baker mixes flour, sugar
and C each is 3 # 1 A = 1.5 A .
2 and baking powder (mixture of baking soda and
or tartaric acid). After mixing all the ingredients, the
State Fleming’s left hand rule. A positively charged dough is placed in a container for a few hours (in
particle projected towards west is deflected towards an oven). On heating, the mixture releases carbon
north by a magnetic field. Find the direction of dioxide gas leaving bubbles behind. This increases
magnetic field. the size of the bread and makes it soft and spongy.
Tartaric acid helps in removing bitter taste.
Ans :
According to Fleming’s left-hand rule, let the thumb,
forefinger and central finger of the left hand be
stretched so that they are mutually perpendicular to
one another. If the forefinger points in the direction
of the magnetic field and the central finger points
in the direction of a current, the thumb gives the
direction of the force acting on the conductor.
(i) ‘Yeast can be used in place of baking powder

for making bread dough’. What is yeast?
Direction of magnetic field is upward. (ii) What would you use to measure pH of baking
powder?
(iii) Why does the bread dough rise?
13. Explain some harmful effects of agricultural or
practices on the environment. Based on the graph represented alongside, answer
Ans : the following questions:
A bakery shop started using baking soda instead of
baking powder for baking cakes. What could be the Ans :

reason for the decrease in the sale of cakes?
(i) R3 > R5 > R1 (Using relation R = r l and
Ans : A
comparing)
(i) Yeast is a single-celled fungi. (ii) Nichrome has higher resistance.
(ii) Universal indicator solution. (iii) Wire C has maximum resistance because it has
(iii) On heating, baking soda (Sodium hydrogen- maximum length, least thickness and highest
carbonate) decomposes to give CO2 gas which resistivity.
makes the bread dough rise. or
or Wire F has the minimum resistance since it has least
Baking soda (sodium hydrogen-carbonate) makes length, maximum thickness and least resistivity.
the cakes bitter in taste. This could be the reason (Using R = r l )
for the decrease in sales. A

the questions given after passage. 
R = r# l
A
Some materials have low resistance, whereas some
other have much higher resistance. In general, an
alloy has higher resistance than pure metals which
from the alloy.
Copper, silver, aluminium, etc., have very low
resistance.
Nichrome, constantan, etc., have higher resistance.
Nichrome is used for making heating elements of
heaters, toasters, electric iron, etc.
Read the following information:
• Resistivity of copper is lower than that of
aluminium which in turn is lower than that of
constantan
• Six wires labelled as A, B, C, D, E, F have
designed as per the following parameters:
Wire Length Diameter Material Resistance

A l 2d Aluminum R1
B 2l d/2 Constantan R2
C 3l d/2 Constantan R3
D l/2 3d Copper R4
E 2l 2d Aluminum R5
F l/2 4d Copper R6
Answer the following questions using the above
data:
(i) Arrange R1, R3 and R5 in ascending order of
their values. Justify your answer.
(ii) Nichrome is used for making heating elements
of heaters, toasters, electric iron, etc. Why ?
(iii) Which of the wires has maximum resistance
and why?
or
Which of the wires has minimum resistance and
why?
Sample Paper 14
SCIENCE (CODE 086)
Section A
1. (a) List two medicinal uses of ethanol.

(b) What happens when ethanol is heated with excess of conc. H 2 SO 4 at 443 K (Give chemical
equation)? What role does conc. H 2 SO 4 play in this reaction ?
In this reaction, conc. H 2 SO 4 acts as a dehydrating agent.
2. An element of Ist group and 3rd period of the periodic table, catches fire when exposed to air.
(a) Identify the element.
(b) Write the atomic number and electronic configuration.
3. (a) Name the parts of the flower which ripen to form fruit and seed.
(b) In the following diagram label A and B.
4. (i) How is the surgical removal of unwanted pregnancies misused?

(ii) Explain the role of oral contraceptive pills in preventing conception.
5. How do following organisms reproduce by asexual reproduction?

(a) Hydra
(b) Planaria
(c) Malarial parasite
(d) Potato
or
What is the basic event in reproduction?
6. (a) Electric fuse is an important component of all domestic circuits. Why ?

(b) An electric oven of rating 2 kW, 220 V is operated in a domestic circuit with a current
rating of 5 A. What result would you expect ? Explain.
or
(a) What precaution should be taken to avoid the overloading of domestic electric circuits ?
(b) An electric oven of 2 kW power rating is operated in a domestic electric circuit (220 V),
that has a current rating 5 A. What result do you expect ? Explain.
7. Name different types of heterotrophs.

or
Write harmful effects of ultraviolet radiations.
Section B
8. The elements of the third period of the Periodic Table are given below :
Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ar
(a) The size of which atom is bigger : Na or Mg ? Why ?
(b) Identify the most (i) metallic and (ii) non-metallic elements.
9. Examine elements of the third period : Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ar and answer the following :
(a) Choose (i) metals and (ii) non-metals out of these elements.
(b) On which side of the Periodic Table can we locate (i) metals and (ii) non-metals?
(c) Name the metalloid out of the elements given above. Where are they located in the
Periodic Table ?
or
Which compounds are called (i) alkanes, (ii) alkenes and (iii) alkynes? C4H10 belongs to which
of these? Draw two structural isomers of this compound.
10. In pea plant round seed is dominant over the wrinkled. If a cross is carried between these two
plants, give answer to the following questions :
(a) Mention the genes for the traits of parents.
(b) State the trait of F1 hybrids.
(c) Write the ratio of F2 progeny obtained from this cross. What is the name of the cross ?
11. While studying the dependence of potential difference V across a resistor on the current I
passing through it, in order to determine the resistance of the resistor, a student took 5
readings for different values of current and plotted a graph between V and I . He got a straight
line graph passing through the origin. What does the straight line signify? Write the method of
determining resistance of the resistor using this graph.
12. A copper wire has a diameter of 0.5 mm and a resistivity of 1.6 # 10-6 ohm-cm. How much of
this wire would be necessary to make a resistance of 10 ohm ?
or
What is meant by the magnetic field lines? List any two properties of magnetic field lines.
13. Larger animals kill the smaller animals in the forest, eat whatever they can, leave the rest in
the forest but the forest is never found full of dead animals. What happens to the bodies of
these dead animals?
Section C
part c.
Gregor Mendel, conducted the hybridisation experiments by applying statistical analysis
and mathematical logic. The confirmation of his inferences from experiments on successive
generations of his test plants, proved that his results pointed to general rules of inheritance.
Mendel investigated characters in garden pea plant that were manifested as two opposing
traits e.g. tall and dwarf plants, yellow and green seeds, etc. He conducted his cross-pollination
experiments using several true breeding pea lines, i.e. the ones that have undergone condinuous
self-pollination and shows stable trait inheritance and expression for several generations.
(i) What determines the trait of an organism?
(ii) What is a true breeding line?
(iii) Based on the figure below, workout which trait should be considered dominant and which
one is recessive?
or
If a round and yellow seeded plant is crossed with a plant with wrinkled and green seeds, what
would be the phenotypic ratio of the F2 progeny?
In household electric circuits, the mains supply is delivered to our homes using three core cable.
The cable consists of three wires, live wire, neutral wire and earth wire. The live wire is at
potential difference of 220 V for the domestic supply and the potential difference between live
and neutral wire is 220 volts. The live wire is connected to electric meter through a fuse or a
circuit breaker of higher rating. The neutral wire is connected directly to the electric meter.
(i) What is a short circuit?

(ii) How switches are connected in the circuit?
(iii) What is usual current rating of the fuse wire in the line if electric iron, geysers, room
heater etc. are in use?
or
Why is earthing of all electrical appliances recommended?
**********

Science (086)

such questions.
Section A
1. (a) List two medicinal uses of ethanol.

(b) What happens when ethanol is heated with
excess of conc. H 2 SO 4 at 443 K (Give chemical
equation)? What role does conc. H 2 SO 4 play in
Ans :
this reaction ?
(a) After fertilization, ovary changes into fruit
Ans :
while ovule changes into seed.
(a) (b) (A) Plumule, (B) Radicle
(i) In tincture of iodine, and
(ii) In cough syrup.
(b) When ethanol is heated with excess of conc. 4. (i) How is the surgical removal of unwanted
H 2 SO 4 at 443 K, dehydration of ethanol occurs pregnancies misused?
to give ethene. (ii) Explain the role of oral contraceptive pills in
Conc. H SO preventing conception.
CH 3 CH 2 OH CH 2 = CH 2 + H 2 O
2 4
443 K
Ans :
In this reaction, conc. H 2 SO 4 acts as a
(i) Surgical removal of unwanted pregnancies leads
dehydrating agent.
to illegal abortion and killing of female foetus.
(ii) Oral contraceptive pills are hormonal
2. An element of Ist group and 3rd period of the preparations. These interfere in the release
periodic table, catches fire when exposed to air. of ovum by ovary. Therefore, the ova are not
(a) Identify the element. released. Hence, fertilisation does not take
(b) Write the atomic number and electronic place.
configuration.
Ans :
(a) Sodium (Na). 5. How do following organisms reproduce by asexual
(b) Its atomic number is 11 and electronic reproduction?
configuration 2, 8, 1. (a) Hydra
(b) Planaria
(c) Malarial parasite
3. (a) Name the parts of the flower which ripen to (d) Potato
form fruit and seed.
(b) In the following diagram label A and B. Ans :
(a) Hydra — Budding/Regeneration.
(b) Planaria — Regeneration. So, the fuse will melt and the power supply in this
(c) Malarial parasite — Multiple fission. circuit would cut off.
(d) Potato — Vegetative propagation by stem.
or
7. Name different types of heterotrophs.
What is the basic event in reproduction?
Ans :
Ans :
There are four types of heterotrophs. These are,
The basic event in reproduction is the creation of
(a) Herbivores : These are also called primary or
a parent DNA copy. Cells use chemical reactions to
first order consumers.
build copies of their DNA. This creates two copies of
(b) Carnivores : These are also called secondary or
the DNA in a reproducing cell and they need to be
second order consumers.
separated from each other. For this it is necessary to
(c) Omnivores.
create an additional cellular structure. Thus, DNA
(d) Parasites.
copies separate to these two cells.
or
Write harmful effects of ultraviolet radiations.
6. (a) Electric fuse is an important component of all Ans :
domestic circuits. Why ?
(b) An electric oven of rating 2 kW, 220 V is Harmful effects of ultraviolet radiations are as
operated in a domestic circuit with a current follows:
rating of 5 A. What result would you expect ? (a) It causes skin cancer.
Explain. (b) It causes sun burn.
(c) It causes eye disease like cataract.
Ans :
(a) Electric fuse is a safety device which prevents
electrical fires. So, it is an important component Section B
of domestic circuit.
(b) The rating current drawn is given by
8. The elements of the third period of the Periodic
I = P = 2000 W = 9.09 A Table are given below :
V 220 V
Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ar
Since, current drawn by the oven is more than 5 A,
(a) The size of which atom is bigger : Na or Mg ?
therefore, the fuse wire will melt.
Why ?
or
(b) Identify the most (i) metallic and (ii) non-
(a) What precaution should be taken to avoid the
metallic elements.
overloading of domestic electric circuits ?
(b) An electric oven of 2 kW power rating is Ans :
operated in a domestic electric circuit (220 V), (a) Atomic size goes on decreasing along a period
that has a current rating 5 A. What result do from left to right. It is due to increase in
you expect ? Explain. nuclear charge. The force of attraction between
Ans : the nucleus and valence electrons increases. As
a result, atomic size decreases. So, Na is bigger.
(a) Following precautions should be taken to avoid
(b)
overloading :
(i) Most metallic element : Na
(i) Too many high power rating electrical
Metallic character decreases along a period
appliances (electric iron, geyser, A.C.)
due to decrease in tendency to lose
should not be switched on at the same
electrons.
time.
(ii) Most non-metallic element : Cl
(ii) Do not operate too many electrical
Non-metallic character increases along a
appliances on a single socket.
period from left to right due to increase in
(b) P = 2 kW = 2000 W tendency to gain electrons.
V = 220 Volt
P = V#I 9. Examine elements of the third period : Na, Mg, Al,
Si, P, S, Cl, Ar and answer the following :
I = P = 2000 = 9 A (a) Choose (i) metals and (ii) non-metals out of
V 220
Current drawn in electric oven is more than 5 A. these elements.
(b) On which side of the Periodic Table can we
locate (i) metals and (ii) non-metals? and I . He got a straight line graph passing through
(c) Name the metalloid out of the elements given the origin. What does the straight line signify?
above. Where are they located in the Periodic Write the method of determining resistance of the
Table ? resistor using this graph.
Ans : Ans :
(a) Metals : Na, Mg, Al Non-metals : P, S, Cl The straight line in the graph signify that potential
(b) Metals like Na, Mg are towards left hand side difference and current are directly proportional to
of the Periodic Table, while non-metals like S each other.
and Cl are on the right hand side. The method of determining resistance of resistor
(c) Si is the metalloid. In the Modern Periodic using the graph is by Ohm’s law, V = IR and by
Table, metalloids form a zig-zag line that calculating the slope from the points mentioned on
separates metals from non-metals. They exhibit the graph.
properties both of metals and non-metals.
or
Which compounds are called (i) alkanes, (ii) alkenes
and (iii) alkynes? C4H10 belongs to which of these?
Draw two structural isomers of this compound.
Ans :
(i) The hydrocarbons in which carbon atoms are
connected by only single covalent bonds are
called alkanes.
(ii) The hydrocarbons in which carbon atoms are
connected by double bond are called alkene.
(iii) The hydrocarbons in which carbon atoms are
connected by triple bond are called alkynes.
C4H10 belongs to alkane.
Structural Isomers of C4H10 : R = 1
(a) CH 3 - CH 2 - CH 2 - CH 3 Slope of V - I graph
12. A copper wire has a diameter of 0.5 mm and a

resistivity of 1.6 # 10-6 ohm-cm. How much of this
wire would be necessary to make a resistance of 10
ohm ?
10. In pea plant round seed is dominant over the Ans :
wrinkled. If a cross is carried between these two
Given, Radius of the wire,
plants, give answer to the following questions :
(a) Mention the genes for the traits of parents. r = d = 0.5 = 0.25 mm = 0.025 cm
2 2
(b) State the trait of F1 hybrids. and its resistance,
(c) Write the ratio of F2 progeny obtained from
this cross. What is the name of the cross ? R =rl
A
Ans : 2
l = RA = Rpr
(a) RR/rr r r
(b) Rr/Hybrid round (0.025) 2
= 10 # 22 # = 122.67 cm
(c) Phynotypic ratio of Round and Wrinkle Seed 7 1.6 # 10-6
=3:1 or
Genotypic ratio of RR : Rr : rr = 1 : 2 : 1 What is meant by the magnetic field lines? List any
Mono-hybrid cross two properties of magnetic field lines.
Ans :
11. While studying the dependence of potential (a) The lines drawn in a magnetic field along which
difference V across a resistor on the current I passing a north pole would move are called magnetic
through it, in order to determine the resistance of field lines.
the resistor, a student took 5 readings for different (b) Properties :
values of current and plotted a graph between V
(i) The magnetic field lines originate from the

north pole and merge at the south pole
outside the magnet and from south to
north inside the magnet.
(ii) No two magnetic field lines intersect each
other.
13. Larger animals kill the smaller animals in the forest,

eat whatever they can, leave the rest in the forest
but the forest is never found full of dead animals.
What happens to the bodies of these dead animals?
Ans :
The bodies of the dead animals are acted upon by
saprophytic bacteria and fungi which break them
down to simple nutrients. These nutrients are later
released into the soil which serve as nutrient pool.
From this pool, plants again use these nutrients for
their growth and thus nutrients get recycled.
Section C
This section has 02 case-based questions (14 and 15).
Each case is followed by 03 sub-questions (a, b and c).
or
If a round and yellow seeded plant is crossed with a
14. Answer given questions on the basis of your plant with wrinkled and green seeds, what would be
understanding of the following paragraph and the the phenotypic ratio of the F2 progeny?
Gregor Mendel, conducted the hybridisation Ans :
experiments by applying statistical analysis (i) The trait of an organism is determined by both
and mathematical logic. The confirmation of the maternal and paternal DNA.
his inferences from experiments on successive (ii) A true breeding line is one that has undergone
generations of his test plants, proved that his results continuous self-pollination and shows stable
pointed to general rules of inheritance. Mendel trait inheritance and expression for several
investigated characters in garden pea plant that generations.
were manifested as two opposing traits e.g. tall (iii) The cross given in the figure can be worked out
and dwarf plants, yellow and green seeds, etc. He as.
conducted his cross-pollination experiments using
several true breeding pea lines, i.e. the ones that
have undergone condinuous self-pollination and
shows stable trait inheritance and expression for
several generations.
(i) What determines the trait of an organism?
(ii) What is a true breeding line?
(iii) Based on the figure below, workout which trait
should be considered dominant and which one
is recessive?
It is evident that a single copy of T is enough

to make a plant tall, while both copies have to
be t for the plant to be short. Therefore, trait in the line if electric iron, geysers, room heater
T (tallness) is dominant and t (dwarfness) is etc. are in use?
recessive. or
or Why is earthing of all electrical appliances
When a round and yellow seeded plant is crossed recommended?
with wrinked and green seeded plant, the Ans :
phenotypic ratio of the F2 progeny would be 9 : 3 :
3 : 1 (9-Round Yellow, 3-Round Green, 3-Wrinkled (i) The condition when the live wire comes in
Yellow and 1-Wrinkled Green) direct contact with the neutral wire, a high
current flows.
(ii) Switches are connected in the live wire because
15. Read the following case based passage and answer when the switch is in the off position, no point
the questions given after passage. of the connected electrical appliance will be at
In household electric circuits, the mains supply higher potential (220 V).
is delivered to our homes using three core cable. (iii) A fuse of rating 15 A is usually used for
The cable consists of three wires, live wire, neutral appliance electric iron, geysers and room heater
wire and earth wire. The live wire is at potential etc.
difference of 220 V for the domestic supply and the or
potential difference between live and neutral wire The earthing of any electrical appliance is done to
is 220 volts. The live wire is connected to electric protect the user from any accidental electrical shock
meter through a fuse or a circuit breaker of higher due to leakage of current.
rating. The neutral wire is connected directly to the
electric meter.


(iii) What is usual current rating of the fuse wire
Sample Paper 15
SCIENCE (CODE 086)
Section A
1. What are isomers ? Draw the structures of two isomers of butane (C 4 H 10).
2. An element has electronic configuration 2, 8, 7.

(a) To which group and period of Modern Periodic Table does it belong ?
(b) Is it metallic or non-metallic? Give reason.
3. (a) How do the oral pills function as contraceptives ?

(b) The use of these pills may be harmful. Why?
4. Answer the following questions :

(a) What happens if an egg is not fertilized?
(b) Why do we need to adopt contraceptive measures?
5. Mention the two functions of human testes.

or
Are the two cells formed in reproduction are identical?
6. Study the following circuit and answer the following questions :

(a) State the type of combination of the two resistors in the circuit.
(b) How much current is flowing through :
(i) 10 W and through,
(ii) 15 W resistors.
or
(a) How much current will an electric bulb draw from a 220 V source if the bulb filament is
1200 W
(b) How much current will an electric heater will draw from a 220 V source if the resistance
of the heater is 100 W .
7. What are herbivores ? Name a few of them.

or
What conclusions can be derived from the 10 percent law ?
Section B

Group " 1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18
Period .
1
2 A C E G
3 B D F
Answer the following questions on the basis of position of elements in the above table :
(i) Which element is a noble gas ? Give reason.
(ii) Which element is most electro-negative ? Give reason.
(iii) Write the electronic configurations of (a) B, and (b) E.
9. An element X belongs to 3rd period group 16 of the Modern Periodic Table :

(a) Determine the number of valence electrons and the valency of X.
(b) Molecular formula of the compound when X reacts with hydrogen and write its electron
dot structure.
(c) Name the element X and state whether it is metallic or non-metallic.
or
You are given balls and stick model of six carbon atoms and fourteen hydrogen atoms and
sufficient number of sticks. In how many ways one can join the models of six carbon atoms and
fourteen hydrogen atoms to form different molecules of C6H14.
10. In a monohybrid cross, pink coloured flowers are dominant over white coloured flowers. If parent
plants belong to pure breeding dominant trait and pure breeding recessive trait, what will be
the phenotype or morphological feature of F1 generation ? If F1 plants are self-fertilized, what
would be the phenotypic ratio, or how many dominant and recessive traits will be produced in
the progeny ? Explain with an illustration.
11. Two resistors with resistances 10 W and 15 W are to be connected to emf 12 V so as to obtain :
(i) minimum current (ii) maximum current. How will you connect the resistance in each case ?
Calculate the strength of the total current in the circuit in the two cases.
12. 1021 electrons, each having a charge of 1.6 # 1019 C, pass from a point P towards another point Q
in 0.1 s . What is the current? What is the direction of conventional current ?
or
A coil made of insulated copper wire is connected to a galvanometer. What will happen to the
deflection of the galvanometer if a bar magnet is pushed into the coil and then pulled out of it
? Give reason for your answer and name the phenomenon involved.
13. (a) Explain the role of UV radiation in producing ozone layer.

(b) Mention the reaction involved.
(c) Why is excessive use of CFCs a cause of concern?
Section C
part c.
The female germ-cells or eggs are made in the ovaries. They are also responsible for the
production of some hormones. When a girl is born, the ovaries already contain thousands of
immature eggs. On reaching puberty, some of these start maturing. One egg is produced every
month by one of the ovaries. The egg is carried from the ovary to the womb through a thin
oviduct or fallopian tube. The two oviducts unite into an elastic bags-like structure known as
the uterus. The uterus opens into the vagina through the cervix. The sperms enter through
the vaginal passage during sexual intercourse. They travel upwards and reach oviduct where
they may encounter the egg. The fertilized egg, the zygote, gets implanted in the lining of the
uterus and starts dividing. We have seen in earlier sections that the mother’s body is designed
to undertake the development of the child. Hence, the uterus prepares itself every month to
receive and nurture the growing embryo. The lining thickness and is richly supplied with blood
to nourish the growing embryo.
(i) Where are the female germ-cells made?

(ii) What happens to the eggs when females reach puberty?
(iii) What is the role of fallopian tube?
or
What do you mean by uterus?
In household electric circuits, the mains supply is delivered to our homes using three core cable.
The cable consists of three wires, live wire, neutral wire and earth wire. The live wire is at
potential difference of 220 V for the domestic supply and the potential difference between live
and neutral wire is 220 volts. The live wire is connected to electric meter through a fuse or a
circuit breaker of higher rating. The neutral wire is connected directly to the electric meter.

(iii) What is usual current rating of the fuse wire in the line if electric iron, geysers, room
heater etc. are in use?
or
Why is earthing of all electrical appliances recommended?
**********

Science (086)
such questions.
Section A ova from the ovary and hence fertilization does

not occur.
(b) These pills cause change in hormonal balance
1. What are isomers ? Draw the structures of two which may cause some side effects on the body.
isomers of butane (C 4 H 10).
Ans : 4. Answer the following questions :
(a) What happens if an egg is not fertilized?
Organic compounds having same molecular formula
(b) Why do we need to adopt contraceptive
but different structural arrangement of atoms in
measures?
their molecules are called as isomers.
Two isomers of butane are : Ans :
(a) If an egg is not fertilized then the entire
endometrium or uterus lining is lost along with
blood and tissues in the form of menstrual
excretions.
(b)
(i) To prevent unwanted pregnancies.
(ii) To prevent sexually transmitted diseases.
(iii) For spacing between children.
(iv)For sound health.
2. An element has electronic configuration 2, 8, 7. 5. Mention the two functions of human testes.
(a) To which group and period of Modern Periodic Ans :
Table does it belong ? The function of testes are :
(b) Is it metallic or non-metallic? Give reason. (i) to produce the male sex cells or male gametes
Ans : called sperms
(a) Period number : 3 (ii) to produce the male sex hormone called
Group number : 17 testosterone.
(b) It is a non-metal because it accepts electron to or
complete its octet. Are the two cells formed in reproduction are
identical?
Ans :
3. (a) How do the oral pills function as contraceptives
? The two cells are identical or not it depends on
(b) The use of these pills may be harmful. Why? the copying reactions. No biochemical reaction is
Ans : absolutely reliable. So, there are some variations
occur in the copying of the DNA each time. As a
(a) Oral pills function by changing the hormonal result, the DNA copies generated will be similar,
balance of the body. This prevents release of
but not be identical to the original. Thus, surviving Section B

cells are similar to, but subtly different from each
other.
6. Study the following circuit and answer the following Group 1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18
questions : "
(a) State the type of combination of the two
resistors in the circuit. Period
(b) How much current is flowing through : .
(i) 10 W and through, 1
(ii) 15 W resistors.
2 A C E G
Ans :
3 B D F
(a) Parallel combination.
(b) Answer the following questions on the basis of
position of elements in the above table :
(i) I1 = V = 3 = 0.3 A (i) Which element is a noble gas ? Give reason.
R1 10
(ii) Which element is most electro-negative ? Give
(ii) I2 = V = 3 = 0.2 A reason.
R2 15 (iii) Write the electronic configurations of (a) B,
or and (b) E.
(a) How much current will an electric bulb draw
Ans :
from a 220 V source if the bulb filament is
1200 W . (i) The element G is a noble gas as it has zero
(b) How much current will an electric heater will valency.
draw from a 220 V source if the resistance of (ii) The most electronegative element is E as it
the heater is 100 W . has the smallest atomic size and hence more
electron affinity.
Ans :
(iii)
(a) Given, R = 1200 W , V = 220 volt (a) Electronic configuration of B : 2, 8, 1
(b) Electronic configuration of E : 2, 7
I = V = 220 V = 11 A
R 1200 W 60
(b) Given, R = 100 W , V = 220 volt 9. An element X belongs to 3rd period group 16 of the
The current flows through the bulb is given by Modern Periodic Table :
(a) Determine the number of valence electrons and
I = V = 220 V = 2.2 A
R 100 W the valency of X.
(b) Molecular formula of the compound when X
7. What are herbivores ? Name a few of them. reacts with hydrogen and write its electron dot
Ans : structure.
(c) Name the element X and state whether it is
The organisms which consume plants as their food metallic or non-metallic.
are called herbivores. Goat, cow, deer, etc. are
Ans :
herbivores, and are called herbivorous animals.
or (a) Number of valence electrons = 6
What conclusions can be derived from the 10 Valency of X = 2
percent law ? (b) Molecular formula of the compound = H 2 X
Ans : Electron dot structure
(a) The producer level has the maximum energy.
(b) Away one is from the producer level, lesser is
the energy available.
(c) Vegetarian food habits help in getting more
energy.
(d) Energy flow is unidirectional.
(e) Only 10% energy is available for next trophic
level in a food chain. (c) Element X is sulphur. It is non-metallic.
or
You are given balls and stick model of six carbon
atoms and fourteen hydrogen atoms and sufficient
number of sticks. In how many ways one can join the
models of six carbon atoms and fourteen hydrogen
atoms to form different molecules of C6H14.
Ans :
We can, make five types of molecules of C6H14 with
these balls and sticks as C6H14 (Hexane) has five
isomers.
These five isomers (five types of molecules) are :
10. Two resistors with resistances 10 W and 15 W are
to be connected to emf 12 V so as to obtain : (i)
minimum current (ii) maximum current. How will
you connect the resistance in each case ? Calculate
the strength of the total current in the circuit in the
two cases.
Ans :
(i) To obtain minimum current, the two resistors
should be connected in series so that the
equivalent resistance,
Rs = 10 W + 15 W = 25 W
Thus, I min = 12 V = 0.48 A
25 W
(ii) To obtain maximum current, the two resistors
should be connected in parallel so that the
equivalent resistance,
R p = 15 W # 10 W = 6 W
15 W # 10 W
Thus, I max = 12 = 2 A
6W
11. In a monohybrid cross, pink coloured flowers are

dominant over white coloured flowers. If parent
plants belong to pure breeding dominant trait
and pure breeding recessive trait, what will be the
phenotype or morphological feature of F1 generation
? If F1 plants are self-fertilized, what would be
the phenotypic ratio, or how many dominant and
recessive traits will be produced in the progeny ?
Explain with an illustration.
Ans :
Let the dominant trait pink flower be represented
by PP.
Let the recessive trait white flower be represented
by pp.
If F1 generation, all plant will be pink (hybrid-Pp).
If F2 generation, phenotypic ratio will be
Pink : White = 3 : 1
Dominant trait : recessive trait
= 75% : 25%
magnetic field associated with the coil will change

and so current will be induced in the coil. This causes
galvanometer to show deflection in one direction.
Now, when the magnet is pulled out, the magnetic
field will decrease and so current induces in the
opposite direction causing galvanometer to show
opposite deflection.
The involved phenomenon is called electromagnetic
induction.
13. (a) Explain the role of UV radiation in producing

ozone layer.
(b) Mention the reaction involved.
(c) Why is excessive use of CFCs a cause of
concern?
Ans :
(a) Ozone at the higher levels of the atmosphere
is a product of UV radiation acting on oxygen
(O2) molecule. The higher energy UV radiations
split apart some molecular oxygen (O2) into free
oxygen (O) atoms. These atoms then combine
with the molecular oxygen to form ozone.
UV
(b) O 2 O$ + O$
O + O2 $ O3
$
12. 1021 electrons, each having a charge of 1.6 # 1019 C, Ozone
pass from a point P towards another point Q in (c) The use of the chemicals such as CFCs damages
0.1 s . What is the current? What is the direction of the ozone layer and leads to its depletion. At the
conventional current ? higher levels of the atmosphere, ozone performs
an essential function, it shields the surface of
Ans :
the earth from ultraviolet (UV) radiation from
(i) Given, the Sun. This radiation is highly damaging
Number of electrons = 1021 to organisms, since it is known to cause skin
cancer in human beings.
Charge on one electron = 1.6 # 10-19 C
Total charge = Number of electrons # charge
on one electron Section C
= 1021 # 1.6 # 10-19 C This section has 02 case-based questions (14 and 15).
Q = 160 C Each case is followed by 03 sub-questions (a, b and c).
Time = 0.1 s Parts a and b are compulsory. However, an internal choice
Q
I =
t
I = 160 = 1600 A 14. Answer given questions on the basis of your
0.1 understanding of the following paragraph and the
(ii) The direction of the current is from Q to P . related studies concepts.
or The female germ-cells or eggs are made in the
ovaries. They are also responsible for the production
A coil made of insulated copper wire is connected to of some hormones. When a girl is born, the ovaries
a galvanometer. What will happen to the deflection already contain thousands of immature eggs. On
of the galvanometer if a bar magnet is pushed into reaching puberty, some of these start maturing.
the coil and then pulled out of it ? Give reason for One egg is produced every month by one of the
your answer and name the phenomenon involved. ovaries. The egg is carried from the ovary to the
Ans : womb through a thin oviduct or fallopian tube.
When a bar magnet is pushed into the coil, the The two oviducts unite into an elastic bags-like
structure known as the uterus. The uterus opens
into the vagina through the cervix. The sperms Ans :

enter through the vaginal passage during sexual (i) The female germ-cells or eggs are made in the
intercourse. They travel upwards and reach oviduct ovaries.
where they may encounter the egg. The fertilized (ii) When the females reach puberty, some of the
egg, the zygote, gets implanted in the lining of the eggs start maturing.
uterus and starts dividing. We have seen in earlier (iii) The egg is carried from the ovary to the womb
sections that the mother’s body is designed to through a thin oviduct or fallopian tube.
undertake the development of the child. Hence, the or
uterus prepares itself every month to receive and The two oviducts unite into an elastic bag-like
nurture the growing embryo. The lining thickness structure known as the uterus.
and is richly supplied with blood to nourish the
growing embryo.
In household electric circuits, the mains supply
is delivered to our homes using three core cable.
The cable consists of three wires, live wire, neutral
wire and earth wire. The live wire is at potential
difference of 220 V for the domestic supply and the
potential difference between live and neutral wire
is 220 volts. The live wire is connected to electric
meter through a fuse or a circuit breaker of higher
rating. The neutral wire is connected directly to the
electric meter.
(i) Where are the female germ-cells made?

(ii) What happens to the eggs when females reach
puberty?
(iii) What is the role of fallopian tube?
or
What do you mean by uterus?
(iii) What is usual current rating of the fuse wire

in the line if electric iron, geysers, room heater
etc. are in use?
or
Why is earthing of all electrical appliances
recommended?
Ans :
(i) The condition when the live wire comes in
direct contact with the neutral wire, a high
current flows.
(ii) Switches are connected in the live wire because
when the switch is in the off position, no point
of the connected electrical appliance will be at
higher potential (220 V).
(iii) A fuse of rating 15 A is usually used for
appliance electric iron, geysers and room heater
etc.
or
The earthing of any electrical appliance is done to
protect the user from any accidental electrical shock
due to leakage of current.

Sample Paper 16
SCIENCE (CODE 086)

Section A
1. How and why do atomic radii of elements change as we move :

(i) down a group ?
(ii) from left to right in a period ?
2. The position of three elements, A, B, and C in the periodic table are shown below:
Group 13 Group 15
.......... ..........
.......... A
.......... ..........
B C
(a) State whether C is a metal or non-metal. Name it.
(b) State whether A is a metal or non-metal. Name it.
3. Why is DNA copying necessary during reproduction ?
4. Draw a labelled diagram of human male reproductive system.
5. How is the amount of DNA maintained in each generation?

or
List the advantages of sexual reproduction.
6. Two coils C1 and C2 are wrapped around a non-conducting cylinder: Coil C1 is connected to a
battery and key and C2 with galvanometer G . On pressing the key (K ), current starts flowing
in the coil C1 . State your observation in the galvanometer :
(i) When key K is pressed on ?

(ii) When current in the coil C1 is switched off?
or
An alpha particle ( + ve charged particle) enters a magnetic field at right angle to it as shown
in figure. Explain with the help of a relevant rule the direction of force acting on the alpha
particle.
7. Describe a food web. How is it formed ?

or
Which of the following are biodegradable ?
(a) Wool, glass, silver foil, leather.
(b) Leather shoe, earthen pot, silver spoon, jute bag.
Section B
8. (a) A compound X undergoes addition reaction with H 2 to form a compound Y having

molecular mass 30 g mol - 1. X decolourize bromine water and burns with a smoky flame.
Identify X and Y and write chemical equations of the reactions involved.
(b) Write the structural formulae of (i) Butanone and (ii) Pentanoic acid.
9. What is the cause of periodic repetition of properties of elements ?

or
Examine elements of the third period : Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ar and answer the following :
(a) Choose (i) metals and (ii) non-metals out of these elements.
(b) On which side of the Periodic Table can we locate (i) metals and (ii) non-metals?
(c) Name the metalloid out of the elements given above. Where are they located in the
Periodic Table ?
10. Name the phenomenon that governs the following :

(a) Green beetles living in green bushes are not eaten by the crows.
(b) Number of blue beetles in green bushes increases, only because the red beetles living there
were trampled by a herd of elephants.
(c) No ‘medium height plants’ are obtained in F1 generation, upon crossing pure tall and
dwarf pea plants.
11. State the factors on which the resistance of a cylindrical conductor depends. How will resistance
of a conductor change if it is stretched so that its length is doubled ?
12. The potential difference between two ends of a wire is 150 mV. The wire has a resistance of 50 W
. Find the current flowing through the wire.
or
What is the potential difference between the terminals of a battery if 250 joules of work is
required to transfer 25 coulombs of charge from one terminal of the battery to the other ?
13. (a) Define ecosystem.

(b) Autotrophs are at the first level of food chain. Give reason.
Section C
part c.
In our country, ultrasound imaging (echography) is used to take images of the developing
babies (foetus). It is considered safe for both the mother and the foetus. In this method, the
doctor holds a probe and moves it across the abdomen of the mother.
Ultrasound waves which are transmitted into the abdomen are reflected from the surface of
the foetus. These reflected waves are picked up by the probe and relayed to a machine that
produces the image of the developing baby. In some parts of our country, ultrasound is done
illegally.
(i) What could be the reason of performing ultrasound illegally?
(ii) “Man, and not the woman is responsible for the birth of a girl child.” What is meant by
this statement?
(iii) Can ultrasound examination of expecting mothers answer the following questions? Write
‘Yes’ or ‘No’.
(a) What is the colour of the baby’s eyes?
(b) Is there more than one foetus?
or
Based on the data shown in the graph alongside, state what could be the reason for the decline
in the boys child sex ratio ?
Mukesh made a model of electric bell. He connected the coil in the circuit and switched it
ON. However, the magnetism produced in the coil was not strong enough. When he made
some changes in the coil the circuit started working properly. He also found out other ways of
producing a strong magnetism.
(i) What other ways did Mukesh found for increasing the strength of magnet?
(ii) State the rule to determine the direction of a force experienced by a current carrying
straight-wire placed in magnetic field which is perpendicular to it?
(iii) What changes did Mukesh make in the coil?
or
What do you mean by magnetic effect of current?
**********

Science (086)
such questions.
Section A 3. Draw a labelled diagram of human male reproductive

system.
Ans :
1. How and why do atomic radii of elements change
as we move :
(i) down a group ?
(ii) from left to right in a period ?
Ans :
(i) Atomic size radius of an element increases from
top to bottom in a group, as one new shell is
added at every step downwards. As a result,
the distance between the outermost electron
and the nucleus increases.
(ii) Atomic size radius of an element decreases
as we move from left to right in a period,
as electrons are added in the same shell. So,
effective nuclear charge increases and tends Fig : Human male reproductive system.
to pull the electrons closer to the nucleus ad
reduces the size of the atoms.
4. Why is DNA copying necessary during reproduction
2. The position of three elements, A, B, and C in the ?
periodic table are shown below: Ans :
Group 13 Group 15 Because DNA is a genetic biomolecule which carries
genetic information from one generation to another
.......... ..........
and errors in DNA copying leads to variation which
.......... A not only gives better survival advantage to an
.......... .......... organism but also leads to evolution.
B C
5. How is the amount of DNA maintained in each
(a) State whether C is a metal or non-metal. Name generation?
it.
(b) State whether A is a metal or non-metal. Name Ans :
it. In sexual reproduction, the amount of DNA is
Ans : maintained in each generation by a specialized
mode of cell division called meiosis which produces
(a) C is a metal – bismuth. specialized male and female germ cells called gametes
(b) A is a non-metal – phosphorus. which are haploid. One male and female gamete
fertilize to give rise to a diploid zygote which has

the same chromosome number as the parent. This
process maintains the chromosome number and the
amount of DNA in each generation.
In asexual reproduction, mitosis takes place and only
a single parent is involved number of chromosomes
in progeny remain constant.
or Ans :
List the advantages of sexual reproduction.
According to the Fleming’s left hand rule, if the
Ans : forefinger points in the direction of the magnetic
Sexual reproduction has many advantages, for field and the central finger points in the direction of
example : current, the thumb gives the direction of the force
(i) There is always a possibility of diversity of acting on the conductor.
characters in the offspring because the offspring So, the force will act in the upward direction on the
is formed as a result of fusion of two gametes alpha particle.
produced by two different individuals the male
and the female parents.
7. Describe a food web. How is it formed ?
(ii) There is every opportunity for new combinations
of characters, i.e, variations. Ans :
(iii) New variation are essential for evolution and A system of interconnected food chains between
the origin of new species. various organisms is called a food web. In ecosystem
food chains do not operate independent of each
6. Two coils C1 and C2 are wrapped around a non- other, but form an interconnected network.
conducting cylinder: Coil C1 is connected to a A typical food web is shown in the following Fig.
battery and key and C2 with galvanometer G . On
pressing the key (K ), current starts flowing in the
coil C1 . State your observation in the galvanometer :

(ii) When current in the coil C1 is switched off?
Ans :
(i) Galvanometer will show momentary deflection
towards one side.
(ii) Galvanometer will show momentary deflection
but in direction opposite to the previous one.
or
An alpha particle ( + ve charged particle) enters
a magnetic field at right angle to it as shown in
figure. Explain with the help of a relevant rule the
direction of force acting on the alpha particle. Fig : Food web, consisting of many food chains.
or
Which of the following are biodegradable ?
(a) Wool, glass, silver foil, leather.
(b) Leather shoe, earthen pot, silver spoon, jute Examine elements of the third period : Na, Mg, Al,
bag. Si, P, S, Cl, Ar and answer the following :
Ans : (a) Choose (i) metals and (ii) non-metals out of
these elements.
(a) Wool and leather. (b) On which side of the Periodic Table can we
(b) Leather shoe, earthen pot and jute bag. locate (i) metals and (ii) non-metals?
(c) Name the metalloid out of the elements given
above. Where are they located in the Periodic
Section B Table ?
Ans :
8. (a) A compound X undergoes addition reaction (a) Metals : Na, Mg, Al Non-metals : P, S, Cl.
with H 2 to form a compound Y having (b) Metals like Na, Mg are towards left hand side
molecular mass 30 g mol - 1. X decolourize of the Periodic Table, while non-metals like S
bromine water and burns with a smoky flame. and Cl are on the right hand side.
Identify X and Y and write chemical equations (c) Si is the metalloid. In the Modern Periodic
of the reactions involved. Table, metalloids form a zig-zag line that
(b) Write the structural formulae of (i) Butanone separates metals from non-metals. They exhibit
and (ii) Pentanoic acid. properties both of metals and non-metals.
Ans :
(a) X = Ethene 10. Name the phenomenon that governs the following :
Y = Ethane (a) Green beetles living in green bushes are not
CH 2 = CH 2 + H 2 - Ni or pd $ CH 2 - CH 2 eaten by the crows.
(b) Number of blue beetles in green bushes
increases, only because the red beetles living
there were trampled by a herd of elephants.
(c) No ‘medium height plants’ are obtained in F1
generation, upon crossing pure tall and dwarf
pea plants.
Ans :
(a) Natural selection
(b) Genetic drift
(c) Law of Dominance
11. State the factors on which the resistance of a

cylindrical conductor depends. How will resistance
9. What is the cause of periodic repetition of properties
of a conductor change if it is stretched so that its
of elements ?
length is doubled ?
Ans :
Ans :
On examination of electronic configuration of
The resistance of a cylindrical conductor is
elements, it can be seen that the electronic
directly proportional to its length (l) and inversely
configuration of the outermost shells of the elements
proportional to the area of cross-section (A). That
repeats after a certain interval. As the chemical
is,
properties of elements depend on the valency
electrons (electrons in the outermost shells of the R ? l and R ? 1
A
atoms), it seems that the periodic properties of On combining, we have
elements are due to similar valencies after a regular
interval. For example, if we start with lithium which R ? l
A
has one electron in its outermost shell, it comes
sodium which has the configuration 2, 8, 1 and then R =rl ...(1)
A
it repeats at potassium which has the configuration Now according to the question
2, 8, 8, 1. New length, ll = 2l
or As we know that volume of wire remains constant,
Al = All Parts a and b are compulsory. However, an internal choice

Al = Al (2l) has been provided in part c.
Al = A/2
New resistance, 14. Answer given questions on the basis of your
R1 = r 2l = 4r l = 4R related studies concepts.
A A
2 In our country, ultrasound imaging (echography)
i.e., it is 4 times of original resistance. is used to take images of the developing babies
(foetus). It is considered safe for both the mother
and the foetus. In this method, the doctor holds
12. The potential difference between two ends of a wire
a probe and moves it across the abdomen of the
is 150 mV. The wire has a resistance of 50 W . Find
mother.
the current flowing through the wire.
Ultrasound waves which are transmitted into the
Ans : abdomen are reflected from the surface of the
foetus. These reflected waves are picked up by the
Potential difference,
probe and relayed to a machine that produces the
V = 50 mV = 150 = 0.150 V image of the developing baby. In some parts of our
1000 country, ultrasound is done illegally.
Resistance, R = 50 W (i) What could be the reason of performing
ultrasound illegally?
I = V = 0.150 = 0.003 A (ii) “Man, and not the woman is responsible for the
R 50
birth of a girl child.” What is meant by this
or statement?
What is the potential difference between the (iii) Can ultrasound examination of expecting
terminals of a battery if 250 joules of work is mothers answer the following questions? Write
required to transfer 25 coulombs of charge from one ‘Yes’ or ‘No’.
terminal of the battery to the other ? (a) What is the colour of the baby’s eyes?
Ans : (b) Is there more than one foetus?
or
Work done, W = 250 joules Based on the data shown in the graph alongside,
Charge, Q = 25 coulombs state what could be the reason for the decline in the
boys child sex ratio ?
V = W = 250 = 10 volts
Q 25
13. (a) Define ecosystem.

(b) Autotrophs are at the first level of food chain.
Give reason.
Ans :
(a) An ecosystem consists of biotic components
comprising living organisms and abiotic
components comprising physical factors like
temperature, rainfall, wind, soil and minerals.
(b) The autotrophs or the producers are at the
first trophic level because they prepare their
own food by using the solar energy and in turn
makes it available for hetero trophs or the
consumers, since they depend on them for their
food.
Ans :
Section C (i) Ultrasound scan is done to know the sex of the

foetus which is prohibited by law.
This section has 02 case-based questions (14 and 15). (ii) Half of the male sperms have ‘X’ sex chromosome
Each case is followed by 03 sub-questions (a, b and c). while the other half sperms have ‘Y’ sex
chromosome. All the eggs of the female have

‘X’ chromosomes. When the sperm carrying 
‘X’ chromosome fertilizes an egg carrying ‘X’
chromosome, a girl child is conceived. Hence,
the male is responsible for the birth of a girl
child and not the women.
(iii)
(a) No. Explanation: It cannot determine the
colour of baby’s eyes.
(b) Yes. Explanation: It can tell us if there are
multiple foetus.
or
The decline in child sex ratio may be due to female
foeticide.

Mukesh made a model of electric bell. He connected
the coil in the circuit and switched it ON. However,
the magnetism produced in the coil was not strong
enough. When he made some changes in the coil the
circuit started working properly. He also found out
other ways of producing a strong magnetism.
(i) What other ways did Mukesh found for
increasing the strength of magnet?
(ii) State the rule to determine the direction
of a force experienced by a current carrying
straight-wire placed in magnetic field which is
perpendicular to it?
(iii) What changes did Mukesh make in the coil?
or
What do you mean by magnetic effect of current?
Ans :
(i) He increased the magnitude of current passing
through the coil.
(ii) It states that, if the forefinger, thumb and
middle finger of left-hand are stretched
mutually perpendicular to each other, so that
the forefinger points along the direction of
external magnetic field, middle finger indicates
the direction of current, then the thumb points
towards the direction to force acting on the
conductor.
(iii) Mukesh increased the number of turns in the
coil and placed a soft iron core, resulting in
decreased air gap in the coil.
or
When an electric current passes through a wire, it
behaves like a magnet. This is the magnetic effect of
the electric current. If the electric current does not
passes through, it loses its magnetic effect. These
coils of wire is called electromagnets.
Sample Paper 17
SCIENCE (CODE 086)
Section A
1. (a) The atomic number has been chosen as the basis for classifying elements. Why?
(b) By considering their positions in the Periodic Table, which one of the following elements
would you expect to have maximum metallic characteristic?
Na, Mg, Al.
2. An element X has same number of electrons in the first and the fourth shell as well as in the
second and third shell.
(a) Write down the electronic configuration of the element.
(b) Write down the group number and the period to which it belongs.
3. How does the process of seed germination take place in plants? Describe in brief.
or
Name the parts B and C shown in the given diagram above and, state one function of each part.
4. Draw a labelled diagram of a human female reproductive system.

5. A wire is cut into three equal parts and then connected in parallel. How will its :
(a) resistance
(b) resistivity get effected ?
or
Explain the magnetic effects of current for Oersted’s experiment with the help of a labeled
diagram.
6. (a) The organisms formed by asexual reproduction are considered as clones. Why?
(b) State the advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction.
7. Give some examples of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

or
What will happen to grass-lands if all the grazers/herbivorus are removed from there?
Section B
8. Write the names and structures of (i) an alcohol, and (ii) an aldehyde with four carbon atoms
in their molecules.
9. Two elements A and B belong to the 3rd period of modern periodic table and are in group 2
and 13 respectively. Compare their following characteristics in tabular form :
(a) Number of electrons in their atoms;
(b) Size of their atoms;
(c) Their tendencies to lose electrons;
or
Na, Mg and Al are the elements of 3rd period of the modern periodic table having group
number 1, 2 and 13 respectively. Which one of these elements has the (i) highest valency, (ii)
largest atomic radius, and (iii) maximum chemical reactivity ?
Justify your answer stating the reason for each.
10. Which of the following are homologous and which are the analogous organs ? Give reasons.
(a) Trunk of an elephant and hand of a chimpanzee.
(b) Wing of a bird and wing of a bat.
(c) Scales of fishes and shell of molluscs.
11. An electric motor operates on a 50 V supply and draws a current of 13A. If the motor yields a
mechanical power of 130 W, what is the percentage efficiency of the motor ?
12. 1021 electrons, each having a charge of 1.6 # 1019 C, pass from a point P towards another point
Q in 0.1 s .
(i) What is the current ?
(ii) What is the direction of conventional current ?
or
A resistance of 0.05 ohm has a current of 3 amperes flowing in it. Calculate the potential
difference across its ends.
13. “Energy flows in a food chain in unidirectional.” Justify this statement. Explain how the
pesticides enter a food chain and subsequently get into our body.
Section C
part c.
There are four tiny organisms A B , C and D . The organism A is a parasitic protozoan which
causes a disease known as kala-azar. The organism B is a microscopic single-celled animal
which causes malaria disease in human beings. The organism C is a unicellular animal which
can change its body shape according to need, it has no fixed shape. The organism D is also
a unicellular animal which is slipper-shaped having a large number of tiny hair all around its
body.
(i) Name one characteristic body feature of organism A.
(ii) Name the insect which carries organism B and transmits it from one person to another.
(iii) Name the organisms A , B , C and D
or
What name is given to the asexual method of reproduction of (i) organism A , and (ii) organism
B?
Very weak electric currents are produced in our body by the movement of charged particles
called ions. These are called ionic currents. Now, we know that whenever there is an electric
current, a magnetic field is produced. So, when the weak ionic currents flow along the nerve
cells, they produce magnetic field in our body. The magnetism produced in the human body
is very weak as compared to the earth’s magnetism. The two main organs of the human body
where the magnetic field produced is quite significant are the heart and the brain.
The magnetism produced inside the human body (by the flow of ionic currents) forms the basis
of a technique called Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) which is used to obtain images (or
pictures) of the internal parts of our body.
(i) Name two human body organs where magnetism produced is significant.
(ii) Name one medical technique which is based on magnetism produced in human body ?
(iii) What produces magnetism in the human body?
or
What so you mean by magnetic effect of current?
**********

Science (086)
such questions.
Section A 3. (a) The organisms formed by asexual reproduction

are considered as clones. Why?
(b) State the advantage of sexual reproduction
1. (a) The atomic number has been chosen as the over asexual reproduction.
basis for classifying elements. Why? Ans :
(b) By considering their positions in the Periodic (a) Organisms produced by asexual reproduction
Table, which one of the following elements contain exactly the same number of
would you expect to have maximum metallic chromosomes and same DNA sequence as the
characteristic? parent cells. Hence, they have no variations
Na, Mg, Al. from parent and look like and same DNA
Ans : sequence clones.
(a) Atomic number decides the electronic (b) Sexual reproduction results in the mixing of
configuration of the elements which further is gametes of two individuals, hence variation
responsible for the chemical properties of the occurs in offspring leading to evolution.
elements.
(b) Na 4. Draw a labelled diagram of a human female
reproductive system.
2. An element X has same number of electrons in the Ans :
first and the fourth shell as well as in the second
and third shell.
(a) Write down the electronic configuration of the
element.
(b) Write down the group number and the period
to which it belongs.
Ans :
The maximum number of electrons in the first and
second shell are 2 and 8 respectively.
(a) Therefore the electronic configuration of the
element X is 2, 8, 8, 2. Actually, the element X
is Ca.
(b) Since in the element X, the valence electrons
are present in the fourth shell, therefore, the
period of element X is 4. Further, since it has
two electrons in the valence shell, therefore, its Fig : Human female reproductive system.
group number is 2.
5. How does the process of seed germination take place Ans :

in plants? Describe in brief. Oersted arranged an experiment to relate the
Ans : electricity and magnetism in the following ways :
After fertilization, ovule develops a tough coat • He took a straight thick copper wire and placed
and is gradually converted into a seed. The seed it between the points X and Y in an electric
contains a future plant or embryo which develops circuit, as shown in the figure given below :
into a seedling containing plumule and radicle
under suitable conditions such as water or moisture
in soil, air, sunlight, etc. This process is known as
seed germination.
or
Name the parts B and C shown in the given diagram
above and, state one function of each part.
• He placed a small compass near this copper wire.

He did not notice any deflection in compass
needle.
• Now, he passed the current through the circuit
by inserting the key into the plug. This time he
observed that the compass needle got deflected.
It means that the electric current through the
copper wire has produced a magnetic effect.
Ans : 7. Give some examples of terrestrial and aquatic

B. Style : passage of pollen tube. ecosystems.
C. Ovary : ovary contains ovules. After fertilization Ans :
ovary develops into fruit while ovule matures (a) Terrestrial ecosystem : A forest, a crop field,
into seed. etc.
(b) Aquatic ecosystem : A pond, a lake and an
6. A wire is cut into three equal parts and then aquarium.
connected in parallel. How will its : or
(a) resistance What will happen to grass-lands if all the grazers/
(b) resistivity get effected ? herbivorus are removed from there?
Ans : Ans :
(a) Let resistance of a wire be R W . If all the grazers/herbivorus are removed from
When it is cut into three equal parts Resistance grasslands, grass will grow unchecked. It may
of each part help the growth of some organisms harmful to the
animals and plants. Further the animals which feed
=RW on the grazers will die of starvation. Biogeochemical
3
When these are connected in parallel equivalent cycle will stop and ultimately whole biosphere will
resistance, R p is given by get disturbed.
1 = 1 + 1 + 1 = 9
Rp R/3 R/3 R/3 R
Section B
Rp = R
9
(b) Resistivity will remain same. 8. Write the names and structures of (i) an alcohol,
and (ii) an aldehyde with four carbon atoms in their
or molecules.
Explain the magnetic effects of current for Oersted’s Ans :
experiment with the help of a labeled diagram.
(i) The Name of an alcohol with four carbon
atoms in its molecule is butanol. The structure comparison to Mg and Al.

of butanol is as follows:
10. Which of the following are homologous and which
are the analogous organs ? Give reasons.
(a) Trunk of an elephant and hand of a chimpanzee.
(b) Wing of a bird and wing of a bat.
(c) Scales of fishes and shell of molluscs.
Ans :
(a) Trunk of an elephant and hand of a chimpanzee
are analogous organs because both have similar
functions helping in eating by garbing food but
are different in origin and structure.
(b) Wing of a bird and wing of a bat are also
analogous organs, because both have similar
9. Two elements A and B belong to the 3rd period of
functions but differ in origin.
modern periodic table and are in group 2 and 13
(c) Scales of fishes and shell of molluscs are
respectively. Compare their following characteristics
analogous organs because both have protective
in tabular form :
function but they differ in origin.
(a) Number of electrons in their atoms;
(b) Size of their atoms;
(c) Their tendencies to lose electrons; 11. An electric motor operates on a 50 V supply and
Ans : draws a current of 13A. If the motor yields a
mechanical power of 130 W, what is the percentage
(a) No. of electrons in A = 12 , No. of electrons in efficiency of the motor ?
B = 13 .
Ans :
(b) Size of atom A 2 Size of Atom B.
(c) Tendency to lose electron of A 2 B Given,
or Potential difference, V = 50 volts
Na, Mg and Al are the elements of 3rd period of the Current, I = 13 A
modern periodic table having group number 1, 2 and Input power, P = V#I
13 respectively. Which one of these elements has the
(i) highest valency, (ii) largest atomic radius, and = 50 # 13
(iii) maximum chemical reactivity ? = 650 Watt
Justify your answer stating the reason for each. Output power = 130 W
Ans : Output power
Efficiency = 100
(i) Na : Input power #
Electronic configuration : 2, 8, 2.
1s1 2s2 2p6 3s2 , Valency = 1 = 130 # 100 = 20 %
650
Mg : Electronic configuration : 2, 8, 2.
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 , Valency = 2 12. 1021 electrons, each having a charge of 1.6 # 1019 C,
Al : Electronic configuration : 2, 8, 3. pass from a point P towards another point Q in
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1 , Valency = 3 0.1 s .
As valency is the combining capacity of (i) What is the current ?
elements, Mg has the highest valency as it (ii) What is the direction of conventional current ?
contains the maximum number of electrons Ans :
available in the outermost orbital.
(ii) Na has the largest atomic radius in comparison (i) Given,
to Mg and Al because atomic radius decreases Number of electrons = 1021
along the period due to an increase of electrons Charge on one electron
and nuclear charge which tends to pull the
= 1.6 # 10-19 C
electrons closer to the nucleus.
Total charge = Number of electrons
(iii) Na has the maximum chemical reactivity as
# charge on one electron
it contains least number of valence electrons
i.e., so can lose it easily to form cation in = 1021 # 1.6 # 10-19 C
Q = 160 C fatty tissue, thus, continuous consumption of same

Time = 0.1 s plants results in higher concentration of DDT in
Q
I = animal get highest levels of these chemicals.
t
I = 160 = 1600 A
0.1
Section C
(ii) The direction of the current is from Q to P .
or This section has 02 case-based questions (14 and 15). Each
A resistance of 0.05 ohm has a current of 3 amperes case is followed by 03 sub-questions (a, b and c). Parts a
flowing in it. Calculate the potential difference and b are compulsory. However, an internal choice has
across its ends. been provided in part c.
Ans :
Given,
Resistance, R = 0.05 W related studies concepts.
Current, I = 3A There are four tiny organisms A B , C and D . The
organism A is a parasitic protozoan which causes
R =V a disease known as kala-azar. The organism B is
I
V = R#I a microscopic single-celled animal which causes
= 0.05 # 3 = 0.15 Volt malaria disease in human beings. The organism C
is a unicellular animal which can change its body
shape according to need, it has no fixed shape. The
13. “Energy flows in a food chain in unidirectional.” organism D is also a unicellular animal which is
Justify this statement. Explain how the pesticides slipper-shaped having a large number of tiny hair
enter a food chain and subsequently get into our all around its body.
body. (i) Name one characteristic body feature of
Ans : organism A.
(ii) Name the insect which carries organism B and
Decomposer decompose the complex organic
transmits it from one person to another.
molecules present in the dead plants and animals to
(iii) Name the organisms A, B , C and D
the simple molecular level. Thus, decomposer help
or
the return of various nutrients to the soil/water so
What name is given to the asexual method of
that these are available to the producers once again.
reproduction of (i) organism A, and (ii) organism
So, if decomposer are removed from the earth, the
B?
soil/water will become deficient in nutrients and the
operation of various mineral cycles will get affected. Ans :
In a food chain the energy moves progressively (i) Organism A (Leishmania) has a whip-like
through the various trophic levels. It is no longer structure called flagellum at its one end.
available to the previous level (autotrophs) and (ii) Female Anopheles mosquito.
the energy captured by the autotrophs does not go (iii) A is Leishmania, B is Plasmodium, C is
back to the solar input and also quantity of total Amoeba and D is Paramecium.
available energy decreases gradually on each trophic or
level due to 10% law. Hence, the flow of energy is (i) Binary fission
unidirectional. (ii) Multiple fission
Biological magnification : Means accumulation of
non-biodegradable chemicals like pesticides (DDT)
in the living organisms in a food chain. The increase 15. Read the following case based passage and answer
in concentration of harmful chemicals in the body of the questions given after passage.
living organisms of each trophic level of a food chain Very weak electric currents are produced in our body
is called biological magnification. by the movement of charged particles called ions.
Pesticides such as DDT, when enters the food chain, These are called ionic currents. Now, we know that
the plants absorb these harmful chemicals from soil whenever there is an electric current, a magnetic
along with water and minerals. They enter the food field is produced. So, when the weak ionic currents
chain at producer level and then transfers to the next flow along the nerve cells, they produce magnetic
trophic level. In animals, DDT gets accumulate in field in our body. The magnetism produced in
the human body is very weak as compared to the

earth’s magnetism. The two main organs of the
human body where the magnetic field produced is
quite significant are the heart and the brain.
The magnetism produced inside the human body
(by the flow of ionic currents) forms the basis of
a technique called Magnetic Resonance Imaging
(MRI) which is used to obtain images (or pictures)
of the internal parts of our body.
(i) Name two human body organs where magnetism
produced is significant.
(ii) Name one medical technique which is based on
magnetism produced in human body ?
(iii) What produces magnetism in the human body?
or
What so you mean by magnetic effect of current?
Ans :
(i) Heart and the brain.
(ii) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
(iii) Weak ionic currents flow along the nerve cells
and they produce magnetic field in our body.
or
When an electric current passes through a wire, it
behaves like a magnet. This is the magnetic effect of
the electric current. If the electric current does not
passes through, it loses its magnetic effect. These
coils of wire is called electromagnets.

Sample Paper 18
SCIENCE (CODE 086)
Section A
1. (a) Predict which of the following elements will form anions and which will form electrons :
(i) Na, (ii) Al, (iii) Cl (iv) O.
(b) Name two elements that are inert in nature.
2. Given below are the melting points and the atomic radii of three elements X, Y and Z each
having same number of electrons in the outermost shell of their atoms.
Element X Y Z
Melting point (cC) 1.34 1.54 1.96
c)
Atomic radius (A 1.20 1.31 1.36
Answer the following :
(a) Will the valencies of these elements be same or different ?
(b) Which element will have the highest atomic number ?
3. What is meant by pollination? Name and differentiate between the two modes of pollination
in flowering plants.
4. Mention the role of sex hormones in human reproduction.
5. (a) Budding, fragmentation and regeneration, all are considered as asexual mode of
reproduction. Why?
(b) With the help of neat diagrams, explain the process of regeneration in Planaria.
or
State one function of each of the following parts of human male reproductive system :
(i) vas deferens
(ii) prostate gland
6. Two resistors of resistances 3 W and 6 W respectively are connected to a battery of 6 V so as to

have :
(a) Maximum resistance,
(b) Maximum current.
(i) How will you connect the resistances in each case ?
(ii) Calculate the strength of the current in the circuit in both cases.
or
What will happen to the iron filings sprinkled around a bar magnet placed on a cardboard ?
What does it demonstrate ?
7. Define food chain and write its two functions.

or
Give two examples each of producers, consumers and decomposer.
Section B
8. (a) Explain why carbon forms covalent bond? Give two reasons for carbon forming a large
number of compounds.
(b) Explain the formation of ammonia molecule.
9. (i) How do you calculate the valency of an element from its electronic configuration ?
(ii) What is the valency of magnesium with atomic number 12 and sulphur with atomic
number 16?
or
Write the electronic configuration of two elements X and Y whose atomic number are 20 and
17 respectively. Write the molecular formula of the compound formed when element X reacts
with element Y. Draw electron-dot structure of the product and also state the nature of the
bond formed between both the elements.
10. Write the differences between autosomes and sex chromosomes.
11. If 0.18 ampere of current is drawn by an electric bulb when it is connected to a source of 220
volts, find the power of the bulb.
12. Both the energy and mineral nutrients are continuously being transferred in the biosphere. Do
these two differ in their direction of transfer? What special points are noteworthy in respect of
transfer of energy at which step ?
13. In an experiment to study the relationship between the potential difference across a resistor
and the current through it, a student recorded the following observations:
Potential difference (V ) Current (A)
2 0.08
3 0.12
4.5 0.15
5 0.20
6 0.24
Find in which one of the above sets of reading the trend is different from others and must be
rejected. Calculate the mean value of resistance of the resistor based on the remaining sets of
readings.
or
The filament of an electric lamp draws a current of 0.5 amperes, which lights for 4 hours.
Calculate the amount of charge that flows through the circuit.
Section C
part c.
Two very small organisms X and Y both reproduce by the method of budding. Organism X
is industrially very important because it is used in making alcohol from sugar. It is also used
in making alcohol from sugar. It is also used in making bread. Organism Y lives in freshwater.
If organism Y gets cut into a number of parts accidentally, each cut part can grow to form
complete organism.
(i) What are organisms X and Y ?
(ii) What is the name of the process in which X converts sugar into alcohol ?
(iii) To which class of organisms does X belong ?
(iv) Name an important body feature of organism Y .
When a current is passed through the circular loop of wire, a magnetic field lines near the coil
are nearly circular and concentric. At the centre of the circular loop, the magnetic field lines
are straight.
The strength of the magnetic field produced by a current-carrying circular coil (or circular
wire) depends on :
(i) current flowing through the coil.
(ii) radius of the circular coil.
(iii) number of turns of wire in the circular coil.
The direction of the field lines can be found by applying Right-Hand Thumb Rule.

(ii) A long horizontal power line is carrying a current of 100 A in the east-west direction.
What is the direction of magnetic field at a point 1.0 m below it?
(iii) What type of curve we get, between magnetic field and distance along the axis of a current
or
If a current carrying straight conductor is placed in east-west direction, then find the direction
of the force experienced by the conductor due to earth’s magnetic field.
**********

Science (086)
such questions.
Section A 3. What is meant by pollination? Name and

differentiate between the two modes of pollination
in flowering plants.
1. (a) Predict which of the following elements will Ans :
form anions and which will form electrons : Pollination : Is the process of transfer of pollen
(i) Na, (ii) Al, (iii) Cl (iv) O. grains from the anther to the stigma of flower. If
(b) Name two elements that are inert in nature. this transfer of pollen occurs in the same flower
Ans : or flowers of same plant, it is referred to as self-
(a) Elements which will form cations are (i) Na, pollination whereas if the pollen is transferred from
(ii) Al. one flower to another of same species, it is known as
Element which will form anions are (iii) Cl, cross-pollination.
(iv) O.
(b) Neon (10Ne) and Argon (18Ar). 4. Mention the role of sex hormones in human
reproduction.
2. Given below are the melting points and the atomic Ans :
radii of three elements X, Y and Z each having same The role of sex hormones in human reproduction
number of electrons in the outermost shell of their are following :
atoms. (i) They regulate the process of sperm and egg
formation.
Element X Y Z
(ii) They regulate the functions of various glands
Melting point (cC) 1.34 1.54 1.96 associated with reproductive systems.
1.20 1.31 1.36 (iii) They develop secondary sex characters.
Atomic radius c)
(A
Answer the following : 5. (a) Budding, fragmentation and regeneration, all
(a) Will the valencies of these elements be same or are considered as asexual mode of reproduction.
different ? Why?
(b) Which element will have the highest atomic (b) With the help of neat diagrams, explain the
number ? process of regeneration in Planaria.
Ans : Ans :
(a) Since all the three elements have the same (a) Budding, fragmentation and regeneration are
number of valence electrons, their valencies are considered as asexual mode of reproduction
also expected to be the same. because only one parent is involved no sex cells
(b) The elements with the same number of valence are involved.
electrons belong to the same group as well. The (b) Regeneration in Planaria.
element Z with highest atomic radius has also
the maximum size. It is expected to have the
highest atomic number.
1 = 1 + 1 =1+1 =1W
Rp R1 R2 3 6 2
Rp = 2 W
Current in parallel,
Ip = V = 6 V = 3 A
Rp 2W
or
What will happen to the iron filings sprinkled
around a bar magnet placed on a cardboard ? What
does it demonstrate ?
Ans :
On slightly tapping the cardboard, the iron filings
arrange themselves in a definite pattern. This shows
that under the influence of the magnetic field, the
filings align themselves along the field lines.
The process of getting back a full organism from

its body parts is called regeneration. Planaria
reproduces by this method in which if the body of
Planaria somehow gets cut into a number of pieces,
then each body piece can regenerate into a complete
Planaria by growing all the missing parts.
or
State one function of each of the following parts of
human male reproductive system :
(i) vas deferens Fig : Iron filings near a bar magnet align themselves
(ii) prostate gland along the field lines.
Ans :
(i) Vas deferens : It provides passage of sperms.
(ii) Prostate glands : It secretes alkaline fluid which 7. Define food chain and write its two functions.
is discharged into urethra to neutralise acidity Ans :
of urine during mating.
The sequence of living organisms in which one
organism consumes another to transfer food energy
6. Two resistors of resistances 3 W and 6 W respectively to next trophic level is called a food chain.
are connected to a battery of 6 V so as to have : Food chain helps;
(a) Maximum resistance, (a) in maintaining energy flow and ecological
(b) Maximum current. balance,
(i) How will you connect the resistances in each (b) in maintaining the interdependence of different
case ? organisms.
(ii) Calculate the strength of the current in the or
circuit in both cases. Give two examples each of producers, consumers
Ans : and decomposer.
Ans :
(a) For maximum resistance, resistors are to be
connected in series. Producers : Green plants such as sugarcane plant,
Rs = R1 + R2 = 3 + 6 = 9 W wheat plant, etc.
Current in series, Consumers : Animals such as cow, goat, etc.
Decomposer : Certain saprophytic bacteria and
Is = V = 6 V = 0.67 A fungi. The microorganisms comprising bacteria
Rs 9W
and fungi breakdown the dead bodies into simpler
(b) For maximum current, resistance has to be forms and recycle nutrients in environment. These
minimum and so resistors are to be connected microorganisms are called decomposer.
in parallel.
Section B K L M
2 8 2
Therefore, the number of electrons in the
8. (a) Explain why carbon forms covalent bond? Give valence shell = 2, since the element belongs to
two reasons for carbon forming a large number group 2. Therefore, its valency is equal to the
of compounds. number of electrons in the valence shell = 2.
(b) Explain the formation of ammonia molecule. The electronic configuration of sulphur with
Ans : atomic number 16 is
K L M
(a) Carbon has electronic configuration 2, 4. It
could gain four electrons forming C 4- anion or 2 8 6
lose 4 electrons to form C 4+ cation. Both are Therefore, the number of electrons in the
not possible due to energy considerations. valence shell = 6, since the element belongs to
Carbon overcomes this problem by sharing group 16, therefore, its valency = 8 - 6 = 2 .
electrons and forming covalent compounds.
or
Two reasons for forming large number of
Write the electronic configuration of two elements
compounds are:
X and Y whose atomic number are 20 and 17
(i) Catenation.
respectively. Write the molecular formula of the
(ii) Tetravalency.
compound formed when element X reacts with
element Y. Draw electron-dot structure of the
(b) Formation of NH 3 molecule :
product and also state the nature of the bond
The electronic configuration of N - 2, 5
formed between both the elements.
The electronic configuration of H - 1
Ans :
Electronic configuration of element X(20) is :
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 .
Electronic configuration of element Y(17) is :
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5 .
Molecular formula : XY2 .
To acquire noble gas configuration, each of the

three hydrogen atoms share their 1 electron 10. Write the differences between autosomes and sex
with nitrogen to form three covalent bonds and chromosomes.
make Ammonia molecule an ammonia molecule Ans :
(NH3).
Human autosomes Human sex
9. (i) How do you calculate the valency of an element chromosome
from its electronic configuration?
1. They do not They determine the
(ii) What is the valency of magnesium with atomic
participate in sex sex of an individual.
number 12 and sulphur with atomic number 16
determination
?
Ans :
2. There are 22 pairs of There is one of sex
chromosomes in each chromosome in each
(i) For elements of group 1, 2, 13 and 14, the cell. cell.
valency is equal to the number of valence
electrons and for elements of group 15-18, 3. They are similar in In males, the sex
the valency is equal to 8 number of valence the cells of male and chromosome pair
electrons. female. is XY, whereas in
(ii) Electronic configuration of Mg with atomic females, it is XX.
number 12 is
11. If 0.18 ampere of current is drawn by an electric Charge, Q = I#t

bulb when it is connected to a source of 220 volts, Q = 0.5 # 14400
find the power of the bulb.
= 7200 Coulomb
Ans :
Given,
13. Both the energy and mineral nutrients are
Current, I = 0.18 ampere continuously being transferred in the biosphere. Do
Potential difference, these two differ in their direction of transfer? What
V = 220 volts special points are noteworthy in respect of transfer
of energy at which step ?
Power, P = V#I
Ans :
= 220 # 0.18 = 39.6
Energy transfer takes place only in one direction.
= 40 watt (approximately)
i.e., it is unidirectional. For example, the solar
energy is trapped by plants to produce organic
12. In an experiment to study the relationship between nutrients.
the potential difference across a resistor and the For mineral nutrients, the transfer is cyclic. It is
current through it, a student recorded the following transferred from producers to consumers and after
observations: their death, to the soil with the help of decomposers.
From the soil these are again taken up by the
Potential difference (V ) Current (A) producers.
2 0.08 Special points about energy transfer :
(a) Solar energy is converted into chemical energy
3 0.12 by green plants. This is the first trophic level.
4.5 0.15 (b) There is a progressive decline in the energy
available for transfer along the food chain.
5 0.20
(c) Only 10% energy is transferred from one
6 0.24 trophic level to the other and remaining energy
Find in which one of the above sets of reading the is lost.
trend is different from others and must be rejected.
Calculate the mean value of resistance of the resistor
based on the remaining sets of readings. Section C
Ans : This section has 02 case-based questions (14 and 15). Each
From, R =V and b are compulsory. However, an internal choice has
I been provided in part c.
R1 = 2 V = 25 W
0.08 A
Similarly, R2 = R 4 = R5 = 25 C , therefore, mean 14. Answer given questions on the basis of your
resistance = 25 W understanding of the following paragraph and the
Reading of trend (4.5 V; 0.15 A) i.e., related studies concepts.
Two very small organisms X and Y both
R3 = 4.5 V reproduce by the method of budding. Organism X
0.15 A
is industrially very important because it is used in
= 30 W which is different from making alcohol from sugar. It is also used in making
others, so it must be rejected. alcohol from sugar. It is also used in making bread.
or Organism Y lives in freshwater. If organism Y gets
The filament of an electric lamp draws a current of cut into a number of parts accidentally, each cut
0.5 amperes, which lights for 4 hours. Calculate the part can grow to form complete organism.
amount of charge that flows through the circuit. (i) What are organisms X and Y ?
Ans : (ii) What is the name of the process in which X
converts sugar into alcohol?
Current, I = 0.5 A (iii) To which class of organisms does X belong?
Time, t = 4 hours (iv) Name an important body feature of organism
Y.
= 4 # 60 # 60 = 14400 s
Ans : of magnetic field as from north to south. The

(i) X is yeast and Y is Hydra. direction of magnetic field will be same at every
(ii) Fermentation point below the power line.
(iii) Fungi (iii) At smaller distances, the magnetic field will be
(iv) Y has tentacles. described by concentric circles around the wire.
As the distance increases, the circles become
larger and larger. At the centre of the loop/
15. Read the following case based passage and answer coil, the magnetic field will appear as straight
the questions given after passage. line.
When a current is passed through the circular loop or
of wire, a magnetic field lines near the coil are nearly The force will act in upward direction perpendicular
circular and concentric. At the centre of the circular to both, the direction of current as well as to the
loop, the magnetic field lines are straight. field. The direction of force experienced by the
The strength of the magnetic field produced by conductor gets reversed, i.e., in the downward
a current-carrying circular coil (or circular wire) direction.
depends on :
(i) current flowing through the coil.
(ii) radius of the circular coil.
(iii) number of turns of wire in the circular coil.
The direction of the field lines can be found by 
applying Right-Hand Thumb Rule.

(ii) A long horizontal power line is carrying a
current of 100 A in the east-west direction.
What is the direction of magnetic field at a
point 1.0 m below it?
(iii) What type of curve we get, between magnetic
field and distance along the axis of a current
or
If a current carrying straight conductor is placed in
east-west direction, then find the direction of the
force experienced by the conductor due to earth’s
magnetic field.
Ans :
(i) According to right hand thumb rule, imagine a
straight conductor in your right-hand such that
the thumb points in the direction of current.
The direction of curl of fingers of the right-
hand gives the direction of magnetic field lines.
(ii) The current flows in the east-west direction.
From right-thumb rule, we get the direction
Sample Paper 19
SCIENCE (CODE 086)

Section A
1. The atomic number of Na and Mg is 11 and 12 respectively and they belong to the same period.
(a) Which one would have smaller atomic size ?
(b) Which one would be more electro-positive ?
2. The elements of the second period of the Periodic Table are given below :
Li Be B C N O F
(a) Give reason to explain why atomic radii decreases from Li to F.
(b) Identify the most (i) metallic (ii) non-metallic element.
3. (a) Name the female reproductive part of a flower.

(b) Which part of a flower develops into a seed and a fruit?
4. Explain external and internal fertilisation.
5. Name the process by which an amoeba reproduces. Draw the various stages of its reproduction
in a proper sequence.
or
A student is viewing under a microscope a permanent slide showing various stages of asexual
reproduction by budding in yeast. Draw diagram of what he observes in proper sequence.
6. A current through a horizontal power line flows in east to west direction. What is the direction
of magnetic field at a point directly below it and at a point directly above it ?
or
Describe an activity to draw the magnetic field line around a bar magnet.
7. What are carnivores ? Name a few of them.

or
Draw a schematic diagram to show the food chains.
Section B
8. Answer the following questions :

(a) Describe a chemical test to distinguish between ethanol and ethanoic acid.
(b) Give reason for the following :
(i) Ethanol is used in the preparation of tincture iodine.
(ii) Ethanoic acid is used in the preservation of pickles.
9. (i) Why do we classify elements ?

(ii) What are the two criteria used in the development of Modern Periodic Table?
(iii) State the position of (a) metals (b) non-metals, and (c) metalloids in the Periodic Table.
(iv) Would you place two isotopes of chlorine; Cl – 35 and Cl – 37 in different slots of the
Periodic Table because of their different atomic masses or in the same slot because their
chemical properties are same ? Justify your answer.
or
An element X has mass number 35 and number of neutrons 18. Write atomic number and
electronic configuration of X. Also write group number, period number and valency of X.
10. Why are some pea plants tall and others short in nature ? Explain with reference to the role of
genes in controlling characteristics.
11. A torch bulb is rated 5.0 V and 500 mA. Calculate (i) its power, (ii) resistance and (iii) energy
consumed when it is lighted for four hours.
12. A copper wire of length 2 m has a resistance of 2 # 10-2 ohm . If the resistivity of copper is
1.7 # 10-8 W m , find the area of the cross-section of the wire.
or
The resistance of a metal wire of length 2 meters and area of cross-section 1.55 # 10-6 m2 is
0.036 W. Calculate the resistivity of the metal.
13. Give the characteristics of food chain.
Section C
part c.
When a moist slice of bread was kept aside for a few days then some organism grew on it to
form a white cottony mass which later turned black. When this slice of bread was observed
through a magnifying glass, then fine thread-like projections and thin stems having bulb-like
structures at the top were seen.
(i) What is the common name and scientific name of the organism which grew on the moist
slice of bread?
(ii) How did this organism grow on the moist slice of bread automatically?
(iii) What are the fine, thread-like projections on the surface of slice of bread known as?
(iv) What name is given to the knob-like structures and what do they contain?
Given table provides the resistivity of conductors, alloy and insulators. Study the table and
answer the following questions.
Type of material Material Resistivity ^W mh
Conductors Silver 1.60 # 10-8
Copper 1.62 # 10-8
Aluminium 2.63 # 10-8
Tungsten 5.20 # 10-8
Nickel 6.84 # 10-8
Iron 10.0 # 10-8
Chromium 12.9 # 10-8
Mercury 94.0 # 10-8
Manganese 1.84 # 10-6
Alloys Constantan (alloy of Cu and Ni) 49 # 10-6
Manganin (alloy of Cu, Mn and Ni) 44 # 10-6
Nichrome (alloy of Ni, Cr, Mn, and Fe) 100 # 10-6
Insulators Glass 1010 - 1014
Hard rubber 1013 - 1016
Ebonite 1015 - 1017
Diamond 1012 - 1013
Paper (dry) 1012
(i) What the value of resistivity of copper and aluminium (higher or lower) ?
(ii) Why alloys are used in electrical heating devices ?
(iii) Why among iron is a better conductor than mercury?
or
Which material is the best conductor?
**********

Science (086)
such questions.
Section A flower.
(b) Ovule develops into seed while ovary develops
into fruit.
1. The atomic number of Na and Mg is 11 and 12
respectively and they belong to the same period. 4. Explain external and internal fertilisation.
(a) Which one would have smaller atomic size ?
Ans :
(b) Which one would be more electro-positive ?
Ans :
Fertilisation is the process of fusion of haploid male
and female sex cell, i.e., sperm and ovum, which
(a) Magnesium (Mg) has smaller atomic size. results in formation of zygote.
(b) Na would be more electro-positive. External fertilisation : When the process of fusion
of male and female gametes takes place outside the
2. The elements of the second period of the Periodic body of female, it is called external fertilisation,
Table are given below : e.g., fishes and frogs.
Internal fertilisation : When the process of fusion
Li Be B C N O F of male and female gametes takes place inside the
body of female, it is called internal fertilisation,
(a) Give reason to explain why atomic radii
e.g., birds, reptiles and mammals including human
decreases from Li to F.
beings.
(b) Identify the most (i) metallic (ii) non-metallic
element.
Ans : 5. Name the process by which an amoeba reproduces.
Draw the various stages of its reproduction in a
(a) As we move from left to right in a period in proper sequence.
the Periodic Table, nuclear charge increases.
The nucleus tends to pull the electrons with Ans :
a greater force, thus, decreasing the size of Amoeba reproduces by binary fission. It results in
the atom. That is the reason the atomic size division of nucleus followed by division of cytoplasm.
decreases in moving from Li to F.
(b) Metallic character decreases and non-metallic
character increases on moving from left to right
in a period. Therefore, Li is the most metallic
element and F is the most non-metallic element.
3. (a) Name the female reproductive part of a flower.

(b) Which part of a flower develops into a seed and
a fruit?
Ans :
Fig : Binary fission in Amoeba
(a) Carpel is the female reproductive part of a
or
A student is viewing under a microscope a
permanent slide showing various stages of asexual
reproduction by budding in yeast. Draw diagram of
what he observes in proper sequence.
Ans :
This process is known as Budding method of
Asexual Reproduction.
7. What are carnivores ? Name a few of them.

Ans :
The organisms which feed only on animals are called
carnivores or carnivorous animals. Lion, jackal,
hawks, etc. are carnivorous animals.
or
Draw a schematic diagram to show the food chains.
6. A current through a horizontal power line flows
in east to west direction. What is the direction of Ans :
magnetic field at a point directly below it and at a
point directly above it ?
Ans :
Applying right hand thumb rule, we find that :
(a) the direction of magnetic field at a point
directly below the wire is from north to south.
(b) the direction of magnetic field at a point
directly above the wire is from south to north.
or
Describe an activity to draw the magnetic field line
around a bar magnet.
Ans :
(i) Place a bar magnet on a sheet of paper and
place a compass near the north pole.
(ii) Mark the position of the needle of the compass.
(iii) Move the needle such that its south pole
occupies the space occupied by the north pole
previously.
(iv) Continue till the needle reaches the south pole.
(v) Join the dots to obtain the field line.
Fig : Food chain in Nature (a) in forest, (b) in

grassland and (c) in a pond.
Section B
8. Answer the following questions : Number of neutrons (N) = 18

(a) Describe a chemical test to distinguish between Mass number = No. of protons
ethanol and ethanoic acid.
(b) Give reason for the following : + No. of neutrons
(i) Ethanol is used in the preparation of 35 = No. of protons + 18
tincture iodine. Number of protons = 35 - 18 = 17
(ii) Ethanoic acid is used in the preservation of
pickles. Number of protons = Number of electrons
Ans : = 17
(a) We can distinguish between ethanol and Hence, Atomic number of X = 17
ethanoic acid by using laboratory reagent Electronic configuration of X = 2, 8, 7
Na 2 CO 3 solution. Group number of X = 17
(i) When Na 2 CO 3 is added to the test tube
containing ethanoic acid (CH 3 COOH), Period number of X = 3
CO 2 gas is evolved which turns lime water Valency of X = 1
milky.
(ii) When Na 2 CO 3 is added to the test tube
10. Why are some pea plants tall and others short in
containing ethanol (CH 3 CH 2 OH), no gas
nature ? Explain with reference to the role of genes
is evolved.
in controlling characteristics.
(b) (i) Ethanol is used in the preparation of
tincture iodine because it acts as a solvent. Ans :
(ii) Ethanoic acid is used in the preservation of DNA is the source of genetic information for
pickles as it kills bacteria. making proteins in the cell. The section of function
DNA is called gene. For example, the height of a
9. (i) Why do we classify elements ? plant depends on the hormone. The amount of the
(ii) What are the two criteria used in the hormone depends on the process of its formation. A
development of Modern Periodic Table? protein is important for this process. If this protein
(iii) State the position of (a) metals (b) non-metals, works efficiently, a lot of hormone will be made.
and (c) metalloids in the Periodic Table. If the gene responsible for that protein has an
(iv) Would you place two isotopes of chlorine; Cl – alteration, that makes the protein less efficient. The
35 and Cl – 37 in different slots of the Periodic amount of hormone will be less and the plant will
Table because of their different atomic masses be short. Thus, genes control genetic characteristics
or in the same slot because their chemical or traits of an organism.
properties are same ? Justify your answer.
Ans : 11. A torch bulb is rated 5.0 V and 500 mA. Calculate (i)
its power, (ii) resistance and (iii) energy consumed
(i) We classify elements to study the properties of
when it is lighted for four hours.
elements and to keep the elements with similar
property together. Ans :
(ii) The two criteria used are chemical properties of
Potential difference, V = 5.0 Volt
elements and atomic number.
(iii) Metals are placed on extreme left, metalloids in Current, I = 500 mA
the middle, non-metals on the right side in the
= 500 = 0.5 A
Periodic Table. 1000
(iv) They should be placed in the same place since
(i) Power, P = I#V
they have same numbers of electrons.
or = 0.5 # 5 = 2.5 W
An element X has mass number 35 and number of (ii) Resistance, R = V = 5 = 10 W
neutrons 18. Write atomic number and electronic I 0.5
configuration of X. Also write group number, period (iii) Energy, E = Power # Time
number and valency of X.
Ans : = 2.5 # 4
1000
Mass number of X = 35 = 0.01 kWh
12. A copper wire of length 2 m has a resistance of 13. Give the characteristics of food chain.
2 # 10-2 ohm . If the resistivity of copper is Ans :
1.7 # 10-8 W m , find the area of the cross-section
of the wire. The characteristic of a food chain are following :
(i) A food chain is always proceeds in a progressive
Ans : straight line.
Given, Length of wire, (ii) A food chain helps in understanding the food
L = 2m relationship and energy interactions among
various organisms in an ecosystem.
Resistance of wire, R = 2 # 10-2 W (iii) It helps to understand the movement of toxic
Resistivity of wire, r = 1.7 # 10-8 W m substances in an ecosystem and the problem of
rL their biological magnification.
R =
A
rL
A = Section C
R
-8
This section has 02 case-based questions (14 and 15).
= 1.7 # 10 -# 2
2 # 10 2 Each case is followed by 03 sub-questions (a, b and c).
= 1.6 # 10-6 m2
or
The resistance of a metal wire of length 2 meters 14. Answer given questions on the basis of your
and area of cross-section 1.55 # 10-6 m2 is 0.036 W . understanding of the following paragraph and the
Calculate the resistivity of the metal. related studies concepts.
Ans : When a moist slice of bread was kept aside for a few
Given, Length of wire, days then some organism grew on it to form a white
cottony mass which later turned black. When this
L = 2m slice of bread was observed through a magnifying
Area of cross-section, A = 1.55 # 10-6 m2 glass, then fine thread-like projections and thin
Resistance of wire, R = 0.036 W stems having bulb-like structures at the top were
seen.
rL
R = (i) What is the common name and scientific name
A
of the organism which grew on the moist slice
r = RA of bread?
L
-6 (ii) How did this organism grow on the moist slice
= 0.036 # 1.55 # 10 of bread automatically?
2
(iii) What are the fine, thread-like projections on
= 0.0279 # 10-6 the surface of slice of bread known as?
= 2.79 # 10-8 W m (iv) What name is given to the knob-like structures
and what do they contain?
Ans :
(i) Bread mould; Rhizopus.
(ii) Spores of bread mould plant are always present
around us. One such spore landed on moist slice
of bread and finding the conditions favourable
(presence of moisture, nutrients and warmth,
etc.) grew into bread mould.
(iii) Hyphae
(iv) Sporangia; Spores

Given table provides the resistivity of conductors,
alloy and insulators. Study the table and answer the
following questions.
Type of Material Resistivity

material ^W mh
Conductors Silver 1.60 # 10-8
Copper 1.62 # 10-8
Aluminium 2.63 # 10-8
Tungsten 5.20 # 10-8
Nickel 6.84 # 10-8
Iron 10.0 # 10-8
Chromium 12.9 # 10-8
Mercury 94.0 # 10-8
Manganese 1.84 # 10-6
Alloys Constantan 49 # 10-6
(alloy of Cu and
Ni)
Manganin 44 # 10-6
(alloy of Cu, Mn
and Ni)
Nichrome 100 # 10-6
(alloy of Ni, Cr,
Mn, and Fe)
Insulators Glass 1010 - 1014
Hard rubber 1013 - 1016
Ebonite 1015 - 1017
Diamond 1012 - 1013
Paper (dry) 1012
(i) What the value of resistivity of copper and
aluminium (higher or lower) ?
(ii) Why alloys are used in electrical heating devices
?
(iii) Why among iron is a better conductor than
mercury?
or
Which material is the best conductor?
Ans :
(i) Low resistivity
(ii) (b) high resistivity as compare to metals
(iii) Iron is a better conductor than mercury because
the resistivity of iron ^= 10 # 10-8 Wmh is less
than the resistivity of mercury ^= 94 # 10-8 W mh
.
or
It can be observed from table that the resistivity
of silver is the lowest among the listed materials.
Hence, silver is the best conductor.

Sample Paper 20
SCIENCE (CODE 086)

Section A

(a) Although hydrogen resembles halogens in properties yet it is placed in group 1 of the
Periodic Table.
(b) Elements of group 18 are called zerovalent.
2. (a) Name an element you would expect to show chemical reactions similar to sodium. State
the reason in support of your answer.
(b) Write electronic configuration of the element belonging to 3rd period and 13th group of
the Periodic Table. Predict whether it is a metal or a non-metal. Give reason.
3. Name those parts of a flower which serve the same function as the following do in the animal :
(i) Testis
(ii) Ovary
4. What are sexually transmitted diseases? Name few of them.
5. How do organisms, whether reproduced asexually or sexually maintain a constant chromosome

number through several generations ? Explain with the help of suitable example.
or
Write one main difference between asexual and sexual mode of reproduction. Which species is
likely to have comparatively better chances of survival—the one reproducing asexually or the
one reproducing sexually? Give reasons to justify your answer.
6. Compare the pattern of the magnetic field around a solenoid with the magnetic field around a
bar magnet.
or
A magnetic compass needle is placed in the plane of paper near point A as shown in the
figure. In which plane should a straight current carrying conductor be placed so that it passes
through A and there is no change in the deflection of the compass? Under what condition is the
deflection maximum and why ?
7. Define trophic levels ?

or
What are the first order consumers ?
Section B
8. The position of three elements, A, B, and C in the periodic table are shown below:
Group 13 Group 15
.......... ..........
.......... A
.......... ..........
B C
(a) State whether C is a metal or non-metal. Name it.
(b) State whether A is a metal or non-metal. Name it.
9. (a) How and why does the size of an atom vary on moving from left to right in a period ?
(b) Why does the chemical reactivity of metals increase on moving down a group ?
or
The elements of the second period along with their atomic numbers in parentheses are given
below:
B (5), Be (4), O (8), N (7), Li (3), C (6), F (9)
(a) Arrange them in the same order as they are in the Periodic Table.
(b) Which element has the (i) largest (ii) smallest atom ?
10. (a) Draw a flow chart to determine the characteristics of the progeny of a cross between tall
pea plants with short pea plants showing :
(i) F1 Generation
(ii) F2 Generation
(b) List the dominant and recessive characters.
11. Express joules law of heating mathematically. What is the resistance of 12 m wire having radius
2 # 10-4 m specific resistivity 3.14 # 10-8 Wm ?
12. Suppose a 6 volt battery is connected across a lamp whose resistance is 20 ohm through a
variable resistor as shown in the given Fig. If the current in the circuit is 0.25 A, find out the
resistance.
or
A piece of wire of resistance 20 W is drawn out so that its length is increased to twice its original
length. Calculate the resistance of the wire in the new situation.
13. Define an ecosystem. Draw a block diagram to show the flow of energy in an ecosystem.
Section C
part c.
A scientist removed some cells from the growing point of a plant and placed it in a suitable
medium leading to the formation of a shapeless lump of mass X . X is then transferred to
another medium which stimulates it to develop roots. When X with developed roots is placed
in a yet another medium, then it developed shoots to form tiny plantlets. These plantlets can
then be transplanted in pots or soil where they can grow to form mature plants.
(i) What is the shapeless lump of mass X known as?
(ii) What name is given to this method of producing new plants?
(iii) The growth medium used in this method contains plant nutrients in the form of a ‘jelly’
Name this jelly.
(iv) What is the general name of chemicals used to stimulate the growth of plant cells and
development of roots and shoots?
15. Two coils C1 and C2 are wrapped around a non-conducting cylinder: Coil C1 is connected to a
battery and key and C2 with galvanometer G . On pressing the key (K ), current starts flowing
in the coil C1 . State your observation in the galvanometer :

(ii) When the current is passed continuously through coil C1 ?
(iii) When current in the coil C1 is switched off ?
or
Name and state the phenomenon responsible for the above observation.
**********

Science (086)
such questions.
Section A (i) Testis — Anthers

(ii) Ovary — Ovary
1. Account for the following : 4. What are sexually transmitted diseases? Name few
(a) Although hydrogen resembles halogens in of them.
properties yet it is placed in group 1 of the
Ans :
Periodic Table.
(b) Elements of group 18 are called zerovalent. The diseases which take place when a healthy person
Ans :
establishes sexual contact with an infected person,
are called sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) e.g.,
(a) This is because hydrogen has atomic number Gonorrhoea, syphilis and AIDS.
one and only one electron in the last shell. It is
electro-positive, so it is placed in the first group
with metals. 5. How do organisms, whether reproduced asexually or
(b) Elements of group 18 have their outermost sexually maintain a constant chromosome number
shell completely filled. So, they neither gain through several generations ? Explain with the help
electron nor lose any electron and hence have of suitable example.
zero valency. Thus, they are called zero valent. Ans :
In sexual reproduction, the amount of DNA is
2. (a) Name an element you would expect to show maintained in each generation by a specialized
chemical reactions similar to sodium. State the mode of cell division called meiosis which produces
reason in support of your answer. specialized male and female germ cells called gametes
(b) Write electronic configuration of the element which are haploid. One male and female gamete
belonging to 3rd period and 13th group of the fertilize to give rise to a diploid zygote which has
Periodic Table. Predict whether it is a metal or the same chromosome number as the parent. This
a non-metal. Give reason. process maintains the chromosome number and the
Ans :
amount of DNA in each generation.
In asexual reproduction, mitosis takes place and only
(a) Potassium (K). a single parent is involved number of chromosomes
(b) Electronic configuration : 2, 8, 3. in progeny remain constant.
It is a metal as it loses three electrons to complete
its octet. or
Write one main difference between asexual and
3. Name those parts of a flower which serve the same sexual mode of reproduction. Which species is
function as the following do in the animal : likely to have comparatively better chances of
(i) Testis survival—the one reproducing asexually or the one
(ii) Ovary reproducing sexually? Give reasons to justify your
Ans : answer.
Ans :
Asexual reproduction involves only one parent 7. Define trophic levels ?

and the off springs produced are clone and similar Ans :
copies of their parents whereas sexual reproduction
involves two parents and the off springs produced are Various steps or links or organism in a food chain at
different from their parents. Off springs produced by which transfer of food energy takes place are termed
sexual reproduction have better chances of survival. as trophic levels.
Sexual reproduction leads to variation because In a food chain, each producer or a consumer is
it leads to the formation of offspring by the considered a trophic level. The trophic levels in
combination of DNA from both the parents, so the a food chain having four levels is shown in the
species will have better adaptability and better following Fig.
survival rate.
6. Compare the pattern of the magnetic field around

a solenoid with the magnetic field around a bar
magnet.
Ans :
Pattern of the magnetic field around a solenoid
looks similar to that around a bar magnet. One end
of the solenoid behaves as north pole while other as
south pole. A current carrying solenoid when freely
suspended, sets itself in the north-south direction,
like a bar magnet.
or Fig : Various trophic levels in a food chain.
A magnetic compass needle is placed in the plane of
or
paper near point A as shown in the figure. In which
plane should a straight current carrying conductor What are the first order consumers ?
be placed so that it passes through A and there is Ans :
no change in the deflection of the compass? Under
what condition is the deflection maximum and why The animals which eat plants directly as their food,
? are termed as primary or first order consumers.
Therefore, herbivores are first order consumers.
Section B
8. The position of three elements, A, B, and C in the

periodic table are shown below:
Group 13 Group 15
.......... ..........
.......... A
Ans :
.......... ..........
The current carrying conductor should be placed in
the plane of the paper itself. The axis of the compass B C
is vertical and the field due to the conductor is also (a) State whether C is a metal or non-metal. Name
vertical. It could result in a dip of compass needle it.
which is not possible in this case (dips result only if (b) State whether A is a metal or non-metal. Name
axis of compass is horizontal). it.
The deflection is maximum when the conductor Ans :
through A is perpendicular to the plane of paper
and the field due to it is maximum in the plane of (a) C is a metal – bismuth.
the paper. (b) A is a non-metal – phosphorus.
9. (a) How and why does the size of an atom vary on

moving from left to right in a period ?
(b) Why does the chemical reactivity of metals
increase on moving down a group ?
Ans :
(a) Atomic size decreases from left to right, as the
valence electrons are attracted more by the
nucleus due to increase in the nuclear force.
(b) Down the group, the effective nuclear charge
experienced by valence electrons decreases
because the outermost electrons are farther
away from the nucleus. Thus, these can be lost
easily. Hence, metallic character increases down
a group.
or
The elements of the second period along with their
atomic numbers in parentheses are given below :
B (5), Be (4), O (8), N (7), Li (3), C (6), F (9)
(a) Arrange them in the same order as they are in
the Periodic Table.
(b) Which element has the (i) largest (ii) smallest
atom ? Fig : Flow Chart
Ans : (i) All tall plants in first generation.
(a) Li, Be, B, C, N, O, F (ii) 75% tall and 25% short plants in second
(b) The largest atom is lithium and the smallest is generation.
fluorine. (b) Tall plants are Dominant and Short plants are
Recessive.
10. Express joules law of heating mathematically.
What is the resistance of 12 m wire having radius 12. Suppose a 6 volt battery is connected across a
2 # 10-4 m specific resistivity 3.14 # 10-8 Wm ? lamp whose resistance is 20 ohm through a variable
resistor as shown in the given Fig. If the current in
Ans :
the circuit is 0.25 A, find out the resistance.
Joule’s law of heating effect :
In accordance with Joules law of heating, if a current
I flows through a resistor of resistance R for a time
t , then the heat produced across the resistor is
H = I 2 Rt Joules
R =rl =r l2
A pr
-8
= 12 # 3 . 14 # 10 = 3 W
-8
3.14 # 4 # 10
11. (a) Draw a flow chart to determine the characteristics
of the progeny of a cross between tall pea plants
with short pea plants showing : Ans :
(i) F1 Generation Given, voltage across the battery,
(ii) F2 Generation V = 6 Volt
(b) List the dominant and recessive characters. Current in the circuit,
Ans :
I = 0.25 A
(a) Tall (TT) × Short (tt). Let R1 be the resistance required from the variable
resistor.
Then the total resistance in the circuit,
R = r + R1
Now, by Ohm’s law, I =V and abiotic components present in a particular area

R of an environment. Energy flow across the various
0.25 A = 6V trophic levels of a food chain follows the Lindeman’s
(20 W + R1) 10% law. According to this, only 10% of the energy
available to a trophic level is passed on to the next
20 + R1 = 6
0.25 trophic level.
20 + R1 = 24
R1 = 4 ohm
or
A piece of wire of resistance 20 W is drawn out
so that its length is increased to twice its original
length. Calculate the resistance of the wire in the
new situation.
Ans :
Let length of the wire be l , then the resistance,
Ro = r l
A
According to the question,
New length of wire,
(i) For example 10,000 J. energy is available to
ll = 2l
producer.
The volume of wire remains constant.
(ii) Then 1000 J energy will be available to primary
Al = Alll consumer.
(iii) 100 J energy will be available to secondary
Al = Al = Al = A
ll 2l 2 consumer.
Then the new resistance, (iv) 10 J energy will be available to tertiary
Rn = r ll consumers.
Al
rl
R n = r 2l = 4 b A l Section C
A/2
Rn = 4Ro (Originally, Ro = 20 W ) This section has 02 case-based questions (14 and 15). Each
Rn = 4 # 20 W = 80 W case is followed by 03 sub-questions (a, b and c). Parts a

A scientist removed some cells from the growing
point of a plant and placed it in a suitable medium
leading to the formation of a shapeless lump of
mass X . X is then transferred to another medium
which stimulates it to develop roots. When X with
developed roots is placed in a yet another medium,
then it developed shoots to form tiny plantlets.
These plantlets can then be transplanted in pots
or soil where they can grow to form mature plants.
(i) What is the shapeless lump of mass X known
13. Define an ecosystem. Draw a block diagram to show as?
the flow of energy in an ecosystem. (ii) What name is given to this method of producing
Ans : new plants?
Ecosystem refers to the interaction of all the biotic (iii) The growth medium used in this method
contains plant nutrients in the form of a ‘jelly’
Name this jelly.

(iv) What is the general name of chemicals used
to stimulate the growth of plant cells and
development of roots and shoots?
Ans :
(i) Callus
(ii) Tissue culture
(iii) Agar
(iv) Plant hormones
15. Two coils C1 and C2 are wrapped around a non-

conducting cylinder: Coil C1 is connected to a
battery and key and C2 with galvanometer G . On
pressing the key (K ), current starts flowing in the
coil C1 . State your observation in the galvanometer :

(ii) When the current is passed continuously
through coil C1 ?
(iii) When current in the coil C1 is switched off ?
or
Name and state the phenomenon responsible for the
above observation.
Ans :
(i) Galvanometer will show momentary deflection
towards one side.
(ii) Galvanometer will not show any deflection.
(iii) Galvanometer will show momentary deflection
but in direction opposite to the previous one.
or
Phenomenon is electromagnetic induction. It is a
process by which a changing magnetic field in a
conductor induces a current in another conductor
near its. The rule is Fleming’s right hand rule.

SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER
CLASS X
Science (086)
Term 2 (2021-22)
Max. Marks:40 Time allowed: 2 hours
i) All questions are compulsory.
ii) The question paper has three sections and 15 questions. All questions are compulsory.
iii) Section–A has 7 questions of 2 marks each; Section–B has 6 questions of 3 marks each; and
iv) Internal choices have been provided in some questions. A student has to attempt only one of
SECTION - A
1 The table shows the electronic structures of four elements. 2
Element Electronic Structure
P 2,6
Q 2,8,1
R 2,8,7
S 2,8,8
a. Identify which element(s) will form covalent bonds with carbon.

b. “Carbon reacts with an element in the above table to form several
compounds.” Give suitable reason.
2 The diagram below shows part of the periodic table. 2

a. Which elements would react together to form covalent compounds?
b. Between the two elements W and Z, which will have a bigger atomic
radius? Why?
3 a. Trace the path a male gamete takes to fertilise a female gamete after being 2
released from the penis.
b. State the number of sets of chromosomes present in a zygote.
1
4 Rajesh observed a patch of greenish black powdery mass on a stale piece of 2
bread.
a. Name the organism responsible for this and its specific mode of asexual
reproduction.
b. Name its vegetative and reproductive parts.
5 Mustard was growing in two fields- A and B. While Field A produced brown 2
coloured seeds, field B produced yellow coloured seeds.
It was observed that in field A, the offsprings showed only the parental trait for
consecutive generations, whereas in field B, majority of the offsprings showed
a variation in the progeny.
What are the probable reasons for these?
OR
In an asexually reproducing species, if a trait X exists in 5% of a population
and trait Y exists in 70% of the same population, which of the two trait is likely
to have arisen earlier? Give reason.
6 A simple motor is made in a school laboratory. A coil of wire is mounted on an 2

axle between the poles of a horseshoe magnet, as illustrated.
In the example above, coil ABCD is horizontal and the battery is connected as
shown.
a. For this position, state the direction of the force on the arm AB.
b. Why does the current in the arm BC not contribute to the turning force on
the coil?
OR
A circuit contains a battery, a variable resistor and a solenoid. The figure
below shows the magnetic field pattern produced by the current in the
solenoid.
a. State how the magnetic field pattern indicates regions where the magnetic
field is stronger.
2
b. What happens to the magnetic field when the current in the circuit is
reversed?
7 DDT was sprayed in a lake to regulate breeding of mosquitoes. How would it 2

affect the trophic levels in the following food chain associated with a lake?
Justify your answer.
OR
In the following food chain, vertical arrows indicate the energy lost to the
environment and horizontal arrows indicate energy transferred to the next
trophic level. Which one of the three vertical arrows (A, C and E) and which
one of the two horizontal arrows (B and D) will represent more energy
transfer? Give reason for your answer.
SECTION - B
8 Choose an element from period 3 of modern periodic table that matches the 3
description given below in each instance. Give reason for your choice.
a. It has a similar structure to diamond.
b. It has same valency as Lithium.
c. It has variable valency and is a member of the Oxygen family (group 16).
9 a. How many isomers are possible for the compound with the molecular 3
formula C4H8? Draw the electron dot structure of branched chain isomer.
b. How will you prove that C4H8 and C5H10 are homologues?
OR
A carbon compound ‘A’ having melting point 156K and boiling point 351K,
with molecular formula C2H6O is soluble in water in all proportions.
a. Identify ‘A’ and draw its electron dot structure.
b. Give the molecular formulae of any two homologues of ‘A’.
3
10 Two pea plants - one with round yellow seeds (RRYY) and another with 3
wrinkled green (rryy) seeds produce F1 progeny that have round, yellow
(RrYy) seeds.
When F1 plants are self-pollinated, which new combination of characters is
expected in F2 progeny? How many seeds with these new combinations of
characters will be produced when a total 160 seeds are produced in F2
generation? Explain with reason.
11 a. It would cost a man Rs. 3.50 to buy 1.0 kW h of electrical energy from the 3
Main Electricity Board. His generator has a maximum power of 2.0 kW.
The generator produces energy at this maximum power for 3 hours.
Calculate how much it would cost to buy the same amount of energy from
the Main Electricity Board.(1 Mark)
b. A student boils water in an electric kettle for 20 minutes. Using the same
mains supply he wants to reduce the boiling time of water. To do so should
he increase or decrease the length of the heating element? Justify your
answer.(2 Marks)
12 3
In the above circuit, if the current reading in the ammeter A is 2A, what would
be the value of R1?
OR
Calculate the total resistance of the circuit and find the total current in the
circuit.
13 Gas A, found in the upper layers of the atmosphere, is a deadly poison but is 3
essential for all living beings. The amount of this gas started declining sharply
in the 1980s.
a. Identify Gas A. How is it formed at higher levels of the atmosphere?
b. Why is it essential for all living beings? State the cause for the depletion
of this gas.
4
SECTION – C
(a, b and c). Parts a and b are compulsory. However, an internal choice has been provided in part c.
14 Sahil performed an experiment to study the inheritance pattern of genes. He 4

crossed tall pea plants (TT) with short pea plants (tt) and obtained all tall plants
in F1 generation.
a. What will be set of genes present in the F1 generation? (1 Mark)
b. Give reason why only tall plants are observed in F1 progeny. (1 Mark)
c. When F1 plants were self - pollinated, a total of 800 plants were produced.
How many of these would be tall, medium height or short plants? Give the
genotype of F 2 generation. (2 Marks)
OR
When F1 plants were cross - pollinated with plants having tt genes, a total
of 800 plants were produced. How many of these would be tall, medium
height or short plants? Give the genotype of F 2 generation.
15 Ansari Sir was demonstrating an experiment in his class with the setup as 4
shown in the figure below.
A magnet is attached to a spring. The magnet can go in and out of the

stationary coil.
He lifted the Magnet and released it to make it oscillate through the coil.
Based on your understanding of the phenomenon, answer the following
questions.
a. What is the principle which Ansari Sir is trying to demonstrate?
b. What will be observed when the Magnet starts oscillating through the
coil. Explain the reason behind this observation.
c. Consider the situation where the Magnet goes in and out of the coil. State
two changes which could be made to increase the deflection in the
galvanometer.
OR
Is there any difference in the observations in the galvanometer when the
Magnet swings in and then out of the stationary coil? Justify your answer.
***
5
MARKING SCHEME
Of SQP SCIENCE (086)
CLASS X
Term 2 (2021-22)
SECTION - A
1 a. P and R (½ + ½ Mark) 2
b. Carbon has a valency four or Tetravalency & Catenation
(½ + ½ Mark)
2 a. Y and Z (½ + ½ Mark) 2
b. W is bigger, (½ Mark)
Reason:
Down the group number of shells increases (½ Mark)
3 a. Male gamete (sperm) travels in the female reproductive tract after being released. 2
The path which it takes to fertilise the female gamete (egg) is vagina (½ Mark),
uterus(½ Mark), fallopian tube(½Mark) resulting in a zygote;
Alternatively accept the labelled figure of human female reproductive system
indicating the passage of sperm from vagina (½ Mark) to uterus (½ Mark) and
then to fallopian tube (½ Mark) for fertilisation resulting in a zygote;
b. Zygote has 2 sets of chromosomes (½ Mark)/ alternatively accept 2n. No marks to
be assigned for n or 3n.
4 a. The greenish black powdery mass on a stale piece of bread is due to bread mould 2
Rhizopus (½ mark) which reproduces by spore formation (½Mark).
b. Hyphae or thread like structures are the vegetative part (½ Mark) and tiny blob
like structures or sporangia are the reproductive parts (½ Mark).
5 In field A, the reason for parental trait in consecutive generations of the offsprings is 2
self-pollination. (1 mark)
In field B, variation is seen to occur because of recombination of genes as cross -
pollination is taking place. (1 Mark)
OR
Trait Y which exists in 70% (larger fraction) of the population, is likely to have arisen
earlier because in asexual reproduction, identical copies of DNA are produced and
variations do not occur. (1 mark)
New traits come in the population due to sudden mutation and then are inherited. 70
% of the population with trait Y is likely to have been replicating that trait for a longer
period than 5 % of population with trait X. (1 mark)
6 a. downwards (1mark) 2
1
b. Because BC is in the same direction as the direction of field lines. Force is
minimum when the direction of current in the conductor is the same as that of the
magnetic field. BC will not contribute as the force on this part of the coil will be
cancelled by the force on DA. (1mark)
OR
a. Relative closeness of field lines indicates the strength of magnetic field. Since
field lines are crowded around the ends of the solenoid, hence these are the
regions of strongest magnetism. (1mark)
b. The direction of the field will also be reversed. (1mark)
7 ● DDT being a non- biodegradable pesticide will enter the food chain from the 2
first trophic level i.e Plankton. (½mark)
● Non – biodegradable pesticides accumulate progressively at each trophic level.
This phenomenon is known as biological magnification. (1mark)
● HAWK will have the highest level of pesticide. (½mark)
OR
A will represent more energy transfer as compared to C and E. (½mark)
B will represent more energy transfer as compared to D. (½mark)
When green plants are eaten by primary consumers, a great deal of energy is lost as
heat to the environment, some amount goes into digestion and in doing work and the
rest goes towards growth and reproduction. An average of 10% of the food eaten is
made available for the next level of consumers. This loss of energy takes place at
every trophic level. (1mark)
Alternatively accept - In accordance with 10% law of transfer of energy in a food
chain only 10% of energy available at one trophic level is transferred to the next
trophic level.
SECTION - B
8 a. Silicon 3
Reason:
Tetrahedral structure
OR
Tetravalency or Four valeny and catenation
OR
Covalent bonding like carbon (½ + ½mark)
b. Sodium
Reason:
It has 1 valence electron like Lithium (½ + ½ mark)
c. Sulphur
Reason: it forms oxides SO΍ and SOΎ(½ +½ mark)
2
9 a. Four (½ + 1 marks) 3
b. C4H8 and C5H10 are homologues (½ mark)

as they differ in
● “- CH2-”
● differ in 14u molecular mass
● Same functional group
● Same general formula (½ + ½ mark)
(Any two reasons)
OR
a. Ethanol; C2H5OH (1 + 1 marks)
b. CH3OH and C3H7OH are homologues of ethanol (1 mark)

OR
CH4O and CΎHΓO
10 Round green (½ mark): 30 (½ mark) 3
Wrinkled yellow (½ mark) : 30 (½ mark)
New combinations are produced because of the independent inheritance of seed shape
and seed colour trait. (1mark)
11 a. E = P X T 3
SO, E = 3X2 = 6 kWh (1 mark)
Cost of buying electricity from the main electricity board = 6 x 3.50 =
Rs. 21.0
3
b. To reduce the boiling time using the same mains supply, the rate of heat
production should be large. We know that P= V2/R. Since V is constant, R
should be decreased. Since R is directly proportional to l so length should be
decreased. (2 marks)
12 5 ohm, 10 ohm and R1 are in series 3

1/Rp = 1/5+1/10+1/R1
1/Rp = (2+1)/10 + 1/ R1
= 3/10 +1/ R1
1/Rp = (3 R1 +10)/10 R1
Rp= 10 R1 / (3 R1 +10)
Now, 6 ohm, 6 ohm and Rp are in series
Thus,
Req = 12 + 10 R1 / (3 R1 +10) ------------------ (1) (1 mark)
V = I Req
From the circuit
Req = 30/2 = 15 A ---------------(2) (1 mark)
Equating (1) and (2)

12 + 10 R1 / (3 R1 +10) = 15
10 R1 / (3 R1 +10) = 3
10 R1= (9 R1 + 30)
Thus, R1 = 30 ohm. (1 mark)
OR
(0.5+0.5+1+1)
13 a. Gas A is Ozone. Alternatively accept the formula of the gas. (½ mark) 3

Ozone at the higher levels of the atmosphere is a product of UV radiation acting
4
on oxygen (O2) molecule. The higher energy UV radiations split apart some
molecular oxygen (O2) into free oxygen (O) atoms. These atoms then combine
with molecular oxygen to form ozone. (1 mark)
Alternatively accept the following equations with the correct molecular
formulae. No mark to be assigned if molecular formulae are not correct, when
only the equation is written.
b. Ozone shields the surface of the earth / protects living organisms from ultraviolet
(UV) radiation released by the sun. ( ½ mark)
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) (½ mark) which are used as refrigerants / in fire
extinguishers (½ mark) lead to depletion of ozone layer.
SECTION - C
14 a. Tt (1 mark) 4
b. Traits like ‘T’ are called dominant traits, while those that behave like ‘t’ are called
recessive traits./Alternatively accept the definition of dominant and recessive traits
with examples of T and t respectively /Alternatively accept the law of Dominance
with examples of T and t. (1mark)
c. Out of 800 plants 600 plants will be tall and 200 plants will be small (1 mark), 1
TT: 2Tt: 1tt (1 mark)
OR
In the cross between Tt X tt, 400 Tall (Tt) and 400 short (tt) plants will be
produced. (1 mark)
1Tt:1tt (1 mark)
15 a. Sir is trying to demonstrate the principle of Electromagnetic induction. 4

(1 mark)
b. There will be induced current in the coil due to relative motion between the
magnet and the coil. Changing the magnetic field around the coil generates
induced current. (½ + ½ mark)
c. Using a stronger magnet, using a coil with more number of turns.
(2 marks)
OR
When the magnet moves into the coil, the ammeter shows a momentary deflection
towards one side say left. (½ mark)
When the magnet moves out of the coil, the ammeter shows a momentary deflection
5
now towards right. (½ mark)
This is due to changing magnetic field /flux associated with the coil as the magnet
moves in and out.
Alternatively, the flux increases when the magnet goes in and it decreases when the
magnet goes out. (1mark)

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CBSE Sample Paper (Released on 14 Janaury 2022) 189

Time: 2 Hours Max. Marks: 40

1. What happens (write the chemical equation in each case)

2. The electronic configuration of an element is 2, 8, 4. State its:

3. What will happen when :

(a) Why do the iron filings arrange in such a pattern?

(i) Show the polarity acquired by each face of the solenoid.

7. Draw a diagram to show energy flow in the food chains.

9. Two elements X and Y have atomic numbers 12 and 16 respectively.

12. In the given circuit, find :

(a) Total resistance of the network of resistors

(i) What is inheritance?

(i) State Right-hand Thumb rule.

Sample Paper 1 Solutions

Section A new filament through fragmentation.

which leads to evolution of new species. Which is

6. Study the diagram given below and answer the

7. Draw a diagram to show energy flow in the food

(a) Why do the iron filings arrange in such a

Element Atomic Electronic

q nothing much will change. If it is the magnet bar,

12. In the given circuit, find : (i) Terrestrial food chain

(ii) According to the 10% law, the amount of the

(i) State Right-hand Thumb rule.

1. Answer the following question :

2. (a) State Modern Periodic Law.

4. In the diagram of human male reproductive system given below :

(a) moved quickly towards it ?

8. Study the data of the following three categories A, B and C.

9. An element X has mass number 35 and number of neutrons 18.

12. Study the given electric circuit and calculate :

(iii) What precautions should be taken while using mobile phones?

Sample Paper 2 Solutions

Section A halogens. In one hand, it can lose one electron

one face of the coil is :

(a) moved quickly towards it ?

Section B Write its electronic configuration also.

B 10.8 Traits may be dominant or recessive. When Mendel

Now fix the magnet in any one position so that it

14. Study the following table and answer the following

Contraceptive Duration of Hormonal

How mobile phone radiation penetrates the brain

Time: 2 Hours Max. Marks: 40

1. Give the IUPAC names of

2. Account for the following :

3. (a) Write full form of DNA.

6. State what would happen to the direction of rotation of a motor, if

8. Three elements X , Y and Z have atomic numbers 7, 8 and 9 respectively.