BS 5950-2-1992

BRITISH STANDARD BS 5950-2:
1992
Incorporating
Amendment No. 1
Licensed Copy: iclsll203 iclsll203, Imperial College of Science and Technology (JISC), 02 November 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
Structural use of
steelwork in building —
Part 2: Specification for materials,
fabrication and erection: hot rolled
sections
BS 5950-2:1992
Committees responsible for this

British Standard
The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Civil

Engineering and Building Structures Standards Policy Committee (CSB/-) to
Technical Committee CSB/27, upon which the following bodies were
represented:
British Constructional Steelwork Association Ltd.

British Industrial Fasteners Federation
British Railways Board
British Steel Industry
Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment)
Department of the Environment (Construction Industries Directorate)
Department of the Environment (Property Services Agency)
Health and Safety Executive
Institution of Civil Engineers
Institution of Structural Engineers
Royal Institute of British Architects
Steel Construction Institution
Welding Institute
This British Standard, having

been prepared under the
direction of the Civil
Engineering and Building
Structures Standards Policy
Committee, was published
under the authority of the
Standards Board and comes
into effect on Amendments issued since publication
31 March 1992
© BSI 11-1998 Amd. No. Date Comments
7766 July 1993 Indicated by a sideline in the margin

The following BSI references
relate to the work on this
standard:
Committee reference CSB/27
Draft for comment 91/13070 DC
ISBN 0 580 20427 8

BS 5950-2:1992
Contents
Page
Committees responsible Inside front cover

Foreword iii
Section 1. General
1.1 Scope 1
1.2 Definitions 1
Section 2. Materials
2.1 Structural steel 2
2.1.1 Structural steels complying with the requirements of
British Standards 2
2.1.2 Structural steels complying with the requirements of
other specifications 2
2.1.3 Structural steelwork designed in accordance with the
plastic theory 2
2.1.4 Hot rolled sections 2
2.1.5 Thickness tolerances of plates and flats 2
2.1.6 Laminar defects 2
2.1.7 Inspection and testing 2
2.1.8 Marking 2
2.2 Bolts, nuts and washers 2
2.2.1 Ordinary bolts 2
2.2.2 Plain washers 2
2.2.3 High strength friction grip fasteners 2
2.3 Welding consumables 3
2.4 Steel castings and forgings 3
2.5 Concrete and reinforcement 3
2.6 Grout 3
2.6.1 Cement based grouts 3
2.6.2 Special grouts 4
2.7 Other materials 4
Section 3. Fabrication
3.1 General 5
3.2 Identification 5
3.3 Cutting 5
3.4 Holing 5
3.4.1 General 5
3.4.2 Ordinary bolts 5
3.4.3 High strength friction grip fasteners 6
3.5 Contact surfaces of high strength friction grip connections 6
3.6 Joints in compression 6
Section 4. Assembly
4.1 General 7
4.2 Welding 7
4.3 Bolting 7
4.4 High strength friction grip fasteners used in the
pre-tensioned condition 7
4.5 Marking for erection 7
4.6 Protective treatment 7
© BSI 11-1998 i
BS 5950-2:1992
Page
Section 5. Erection
5.1 Delivery storage and handling 9
5.2 Erection of structural steelwork 9
5.3 Alignment 9
5.4 Accuracy of construction 9
5.5 Protective treatment: site application 9
Section 6. Supports and foundations
6.1 Positioning and setting in of foundation bolts 10
6.2 Packings 10
6.3 Bedding and grouting up of structures 10
6.3.1 Preparation 10
6.3.2 Bedding stanchions in pocket bases 10
6.3.3 Encasing steelwork in foundations 10
Section 7. Tolerances
7.1 General 11
7.2 Fabrication tolerances 11
7.2.1 Cross section: rolled sections 11
7.2.2 Cross section: built-up members 11
7.2.3 Tolerance on web plates: built-up members 11
7.2.4 Tolerance on shape of built-up box sections 11
7.2.5 Length 11
7.2.6 Straightness 11
7.2.7 Camber 11
7.2.8 Squareness 11
7.2.9 Flatness for contact bearing 13
7.2.10 Verticality of web at supports 13
7.3 Erection tolerances 13
7.3.1 Connection to concrete elements 13
7.3.2 Column bases 13
7.3.3 Plumbing and alignment of columns 13
7.3.4 Position in plan of members 13
7.3.5 Levels 13
Appendix A General recommendations for steelwork
tenders and contracts 14
Figure 1 — Flange out-of-square 12
Figure 2 — Flatness of web plates 12
Figure 3 — Deviation from verticality 13
Table 1 — Performance requirements for structural steelwork 3
Table 2 — Appropriate product grades corresponding to BS 5950
design grades 4
Publication(s) referred to Inside back cover
ii © BSI 11-1998
BS 5950-2:1992
Foreword
This Part of BS 5950 has been prepared under the direction of the Civil
Engineering and Building Structures Standards Policy Committee. This Part of
BS 5950 replaces BS 5950-2:1985 which is withdrawn. BS 5950 is a document
combining codes of practice to cover the design, construction and fire protection
of steel structures and specifications for materials, workmanship and erection.
This edition introduces technical changes but it does not reflect a full review or
revision of the standard, which will be undertaken in due course. In publishing
this new edition, the opportunity has been taken to incorporate the text of
Amendment No. 1, published in November 1990, to BS 5950-2:1985.
The changes introduced in this new edition are indicated by a single side line in
the margin of the page.
BS 5950 comprises the following Parts:
— Part 1: Code of practice for design in simple and continuous construction: hot
rolled sections;
— Part 2: Specification for materials, fabrication and erection: hot rolled
sections;
— Part 3: Design in composite construction;
— Section 3.1: Code of practice for design of simple and continuous composite
beams;
— 1)Section 3.2: Code of practice for design of composite columns and frames;
— Part 4: Code of practice for design of floors with profiled steel sheeting;
— Part 5: Code of practice for design of cold formed sections;
— Part 61): Code of practice for design in light gauge sheeting, decking and
cladding;
— Part 71): Specification for materials and workmanship: cold formed sections;
— Part 8: Code of practice for fire resistant design;
— Part 91): Code of practice for stressed skin design.
It has been assumed in the drafting of this British Standard that the execution of
its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and experienced people.
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.
Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv,
pages 1 to 16, an inside back cover and a back cover.
This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had
amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on
the inside front cover.
1)
In preparation.
© BSI 11-1998 iii

iv
blank
Section 1 BS 5950-2:1992
Section 1. General
1.1 Scope 1.2 Definitions

This Part of BS 5950 specifies requirements for the For the purposes of this Part of BS 5950, the
materials, fabrication and erection, in hot rolled following definitions apply.
sections, of structural steelwork in building.
1.2.1
The special requirements pertaining to the design design grade
and testing of steel overhead runway beams are not
designation used to define specific performance
included and reference should be made to BS 2853.
requirements of the material for design purposes in
The requirements given in this Part apply to the BS 5950-1
fabrication and erection of the steelwork but the
engineer undertaking the design needs to be aware 1.2.2
of those items which will affect the design. product grade
Guidance on inspection and testing is given in A.8. designation used to define mechanical and chemical
properties and manufacturing requirements of the
Where the person controlling the works is named as
material as specified in the appropriate product
the architect then “responsible architect” is to be
standard
read for “engineer” in this standard. Any reference
to drawings is to be taken as those drawings
prepared by or approved by the engineer.
NOTE 1 The requirements specified herein whilst suitable for
inclusion in contract documents, may need to be modified to align
with specific needs.
NOTE 2 The titles of the publications referred to in this
standard are listed on the inside back cover.
© BSI 11-1998 1
BS 5950-2:1992 Section 2
Section 2. Materials
2.1 Structural steel 2.1.6 Laminar defects

In the areas specified on the drawings the material
2.1.1 Structural steel complying with the
requirements of British Standards shall be tested for laminations in accordance with
BS 5996.
Unless otherwise specified by the engineer, all hot
rolled structural steel products (except for steel 2.1.7 Inspection and testing
reinforcement in concrete) shall be of weldable Structural steels for use in design to BS 5950-1 shall
quality and shall comply with the relevant British receive specific inspection and testing in accordance
Standard as follows: with the supply standard, and documentation
BS 4360 demonstrating compliance shall be provided.
BS EN 10025 (grade Fe 360, Fe 430 or Fe 510 NOTE Specific testing of the material has to be requested at the
only). time of the enquiry and order.
Rimming steel shall not be used. The steel supplier shall supply a certificate of test
and inspection endorsed by the steel manufacturer,
NOTE 1 The reference to rimming steel affects BS EN 10025
grades Fe 360A and Fe 360B only. stating the process of manufacture and giving the
product grade, the ladle analysis and the results of
The appropriate product grade for any product,
each of the mechanical tests applicable to the
corresponding to the specified design grade in
material supplied. The certificate shall indicate the
BS 5950-1, shall be obtained from Table 2.
numbers or identification marks of the casts to
NOTE 2 Certain product grades do not have a specified
maximum manganese content or are not supplied with carbon
which it applies, corresponding to the numbers to be
equivalent value (CEV) options. Additional requirements may found on the material supplied. In the case of
therefore need to be specified and agreed at the time of order sections with flanges, the certificate shall indicate
(see 4.2). whether the sample for test purposes was taken
2.1.2 Structural steels complying with the from the web or the flange.
requirements of other specifications
2.1.8 Marking
Where the engineer requires steels to be supplied
Steel supplied from the manufacturer or merchant
complying with standards other than those specified
shall be marked in accordance with the
in 2.1.1, the performance requirements listed in
requirements of the appropriate product
Table 1 shall be determined in accordance with one
specification.
of the specifications given in 2.1.1.
Other marking shall be carried out in accordance
2.1.3 Structural steelwork designed in with the requirements of 3.2.
accordance with the plastic theory
Where structural steelwork is to be designed in 2.2 Bolts, nuts and washers
accordance with the plastic theory, the steel used 2.2.1 Ordinary bolts
shall comply with 2.1.1 or 2.1.2 and shall comply
with the additional requirements for steel in Ordinary bolts and nuts shall comply with BS 3692,
structures designed by the plastic theory given in BS 4190, BS 4395-1 or BS 4933 as appropriate. Nuts
Table 1. shall be of at least the strength grade appropriate to
the grade of bolt or other threaded element with
2.1.4 Hot rolled sections which they are used.
Unless otherwise specified by the engineer, hot 2.2.2 Plain washers
rolled sections shall comply with BS 4 and BS 4848
as appropriate. Where sections complying with Plain washers for use with ordinary bolts and nuts
other specifications are used, their dimensional shall comply with BS 4320.
tolerances shall comply with BS 4 and BS 4848. 2.2.3 High strength friction grip fasteners
2.1.5 Thickness tolerances of plates and flats Unless otherwise specified by the engineer, high
The thickness tolerances for plates, flats and wide strength friction grip bolts, nuts and washers shall
flats shall be the normal thickness tolerances comply with BS 4395. Where other types of high
specified in BS EN 10025 or BS 4360, as strength friction grip fasteners are used, they shall
appropriate. have mechanical properties similar to bolts
complying with BS 4395 and be capable of being
NOTE Tolerances of plates supplied to BS 4360:1986
(see note 5 of Table 2) may be to either BS 4360:1986 or tightened to the minimum shank tension specified
BS EN 10025 at the supplier’s option. in BS 4604.
2 © BSI 11-1998
Section 2 BS 5950-2:1992
Table 1 — Performance requirements for structural steelwork

Performance requirement Specified by Additional requirements for steel in structures
designed by the plastic theory
Minimum yield strength Upper yield strength (ReH) Rm/ReH ≥ 1.2
Minimum tensile strength Tensile strength (Rm)
Notch toughness Minimum average Charpy V-notch None
impact test energy at specified
temperature (see 2.1.1)
Ductility Elongation in a specified gauge Stress-strain diagram to have a plateau
length at yield stress extending for at least six
times the yield strain
The elongation on a gauge length of
5.65 √So is not to be less than 15 %
where So is as given in BS ΕΝ 10002−1
Weldability Maximum carbon equivalent value None
(see 4.2)
Quality:
Surface  See the relevant British 
 Standard from the list in 2.1.1 
Internal   None
2.2.4 Welding consumables 2.5 Grout

All welding consumables used for the metal arc
2.5.1 Cement based grouts
welding of steels complying with 2.1 shall comply
with BS 5135. All welding consumables used for the Cement based grouts used for bedding steel bases or
fusion welding of steel castings shall comply with bearing plates on concrete foundations shall be of
BS 4570. one of the following forms.
Welding consumables used with other grades of a) Neat Portland cement of a thickness not
steel shall be selected to ensure that the exceeding 25 mm. The grout shall be mixed as
performance requirements specified in Table 1 are thickly as possible consistent with fluidity and
complied with. shall be poured under a suitable head so that the
space is completely filled.
Unless otherwise approved by the engineer, the
welding consumables and procedures used shall be b) Fluid Portland cement mortar of a thickness
such that the mechanical properties of deposited between 25 mm and 50 mm. The mortar shall not
weld metal are not less than the respective be leaner than 1:1 cement to fine aggregate and
minimum values for the parent metal being welded. shall be mixed as thickly as possible consistent
with fluidity. The mortar shall then be poured
2.3 Steel castings and forgings under a suitable head and tamped until the space
Steel castings and forgings shall comply with has been completely filled.
BS 3100 and BS 29 respectively and shall only be c) Dry as possible Portland cement mortar of
used when the use of such materials is unlikely to be thickness not less than 50 mm. The mortar shall
detrimental. not be leaner than 1:2 cement to fine aggregate
and shall be consolidated by thoroughly ramming
2.4 Concrete and reinforcement with a suitable blunt rammer against properly
The properties and design strengths of concrete and fixed supports until the space has been
reinforcement shall be obtained by reference to the completely filled.
relevant recommendations of BS 8110.
© BSI 11-1998 3
BS 5950-2:1992 Section 2
2.5.2 Special grouts b) expanding grout;

Where specified by the engineer, the following c) resin based grout.
special grouts may be used:
a) mortar or fine concrete containing suitable 2.6 Other materials
admixtures, including the used of expanding Where other materials are used in conjunction with
additives to avoid shrinkage; structural steelwork, they shall comply with the
appropriate British Standard.
Table 2 — Appropriate product grades corresponding to BS 5950 design grades
Design grade Product form
ab
Sections other than hollow Plates, wide flats, strip Flats, round and square Hollow
ab ab
sections bars section
c
43A Fe 430 A Fe 430 Ac Fe 430 A c d
or Fe 430 B or Fe 430 B or Fe 430 B

d
43B Fe 430 B Fe 430 B Fe 430 B
43B(T) Fe 430 Be Fe 430 Be Fe 430 Be d
43C Fe 430 C Fe 430 C Fe 430 C 43Cf

43D Fe 430 D Fe 430 D Fe 430 D 43Df
f d d d
43DD 43DD
43E d d 43Ef d
43EE d 43EEf d 43EEf

50A Fe 510 Ac Fe 510 Ac Fe 510 Ac d
or Fe 510 B or Fe 510 B or Fe 510 B

50B Fe 510 B Fe 510 B Fe 510 B d
50B(T) Fe 510 Be Fe 510 Be Fe 510 Be d
50C Fe 510 C Fe 510 C Fe 510 C 50Cf

50D Fe 510 D Fe 510 D Fe 510 D 50Df
d
50DD Fe 510 DD Fe 510 DD Fe 510 DD
50E 50Ef d 50Ef d
50EE d 50EEf d 50EEf

50F d 50Ff d d
55C 55Cf 55Cf 55Cf 55Cf

d
55EE 55EEf 55EEf 55EEf
d
55F 55Ff d
55Ff
WR50A  WR50Af

WR50B All product forms  WR50Bf

WR50C  WR50Cf
a
Unless shown otherwise, grades in this product form are supplied in accordance with BS EN 10025.
b Products certified as complying with BS 4360 having the same grade designation as the BS 5950 design grade designation are
permitted alternatives.
c Grades Fe 430 A and Fe 510 A are supplied in accordance with BS EN 10025 annex D, Non-conflicting national additions.
d
Grades in this product form are not included in either BS EN 10025 or BS 4360.
e For design grades 43B(T) and 50B(T), verification of the impact properties of quality B by testing shall be specified under option 7
of BS EN 10025 at the time of the enquiry and order.
f These grades are supplied in accordance with BS 4360.
4 © BSI 11-1998
Section 3 BS 5950-2:1992
Section 3. Fabrication
3.1 General 3.4.2.2 Punching and reaming

Fabricated structural steelwork shall be within the Holes shall be punched at least 2 mm less in
tolerances specified in section 7. Any necessary diameter than the required size and subsequently
straightening or forming shall be carried out so as reamed to the full diameter.
not to deface or weaken the material.
3.4.2.3 Full size punching
3.2 Identification Where holes are punched full size all the following
At all stages of fabrication, structural steel conditions shall be satisfied.
members shall be positively identified by a suitable a) The punching operations shall not, in the
marking scheme. opinion of the engineer, unduly distort the
For the purposes of marking for erection, every part material.
shall be marked with a durable and distinguishing b) The holes shall be free from burrs which would
mark in such a way as not to damage the material. prevent solid seating of the parts when tightened.
Hard stamping shall be permitted except where c) The thickness of the material through which
otherwise specified by the engineer. the hole is punched shall not exceed the diameter
Where areas of steelwork are indicated on the of the hole.
drawings as being unmarked they shall be left free d) The maximum thickness of the material shall
of all markings and hard stamping. be:
3.3 Cutting 1) 12 mm for quality A;
Cutting shall be by sawing, shearing, cropping, or 2) 16 mm for quality B;
machine or hand flame cutting. Hand flame cutting 3) 20 mm for quality C.
shall be used only where it is impractical to use NOTE These thicknesses are as specified in the British
machine flame cutting and for notching, or for the Standards listed in 2.1.
completion of the formation of slotted holes. e) In spliced connections the holes in the mating
Cut edges shall be true to profile and be free from surfaces shall be punched from the same
major notches and cutting serrations and shall be direction.
dressed where necessary. Holes shall not be punched full size in any of the
following conditions (see 5.3.7 of BS 5950-1:1990):
3.4 Holing
i) in tension flanges at locations where plastic
3.4.1 General hinges have been assumed in the design analysis;
Round holes for fasteners or pins shall either be ii) in elements of rigid connections in which local
drilled or punched. Slotted holes shall either be yield lines have been assumed;
punched in one operation or formed by drilling two iii) where repetition of loading makes fatigue
holes and completed by cutting. All matching holes critical in the member design.
for fasteners or pins shall register with each other so
NOTE 5.3.7 of BS 5950-1:1990 recommends that locations
that fastners can be inserted freely through the where any of these conditions apply should be clearly indicated
assembled members in a direction at right angles to on the drawings.
the faces in contact.
3.4.2.4 Hole size
3.4.2 Ordinary bolts For bolts not exceeding 24 mm diameter, holes shall
3.4.2.1 Drilling be not more than 2 mm greater in diameter than the
bolt, and for bolts over 24 mm diameter, holes shall
Burrs shall be removed from holes before assembly be not more than 3 mm greater in diameter than the
except that where holes are drilled in one operation bolt, except in steel baseplates and where otherwise
through parts clamped together which would not specified by the engineer.
otherwise be separated after drilling, they need not
be separated to remove the burrs.
© BSI 11-1998 5
BS 5950-2:1992 Section 3
3.4.3 High strength friction grip fasteners 3.6 Joints in compression

Holes for high strength friction grip fasteners shall Abutting surfaces dependent on contact for the
be in accordance with BS 4604. transmission of load shall be within the tolerances
Where the bolts are not preloaded in accordance specified in section 7.
with BS 4604, the holes may be punched, in which NOTE No work need be carried out on a bearing face which is
case the conditions specified in 3.4.2.3 shall apply. to be grouted direct to a foundation.
3.5 Contact surfaces of high strength

friction grip connections
Unless otherwise specified by the engineer, all
contact surfaces in high strength friction grip
connections shall comply with BS 4604.
6 © BSI 11-1998
Section 4 BS 5950-2:1992
Section 4. Assembly
4.1 General NOTE Electroplated finishes may not provide the same degree
of protection as metal sprayed or galvanized steelwork.
All components shall be assembled within the
Where slotted holes are provided for movement
tolerances specified in section 7 and in such a
connections, the joint shall be free to move.
manner so that they are not bent, twisted or
otherwise damaged, and the specified cambers are 4.4 High strength friction grip
provided when required. fasteners used in the pre-tensioned
Drifting to align holes shall not enlarge the holes or condition
distort the metal. Holes which cannot be aligned High strength friction grip fasteners complying with
without distortion shall be a cause for rejection BS 4395 shall be used in accordance with BS 4604.
unless enlargement by reaming is specifically
approved by the engineer. For friction grip connections where the surfaces are
not parallel a suitably tapered washer shall be
4.2 Welding provided under the rotated head or nut. Such
Welding of structural steel shall be in accordance washers shall also be used under the non-rotated
with BS 51352) unless another process is specifically component except where the angle between bolt axis
permitted by the engineer. and contact surface is within the limits of 87°
and 93°.
Processes other than the metal arc process shall be
used for the welding of structural steelwork only Where the use of other types of pre-tensioned
where specifically permitted by the engineer. friction grip fasteners is permitted by the engineer,
they shall be installed in accordance with the
4.3 Bolting manufacturer’s recommendations and shall be
Where necessary the connected parts shall be firmly tightened to at least the minimum shank tensions
drawn together. Steel packing plates shall be specified in BS 4604.
provided where necessary to ensure that the total High strength friction grip bolted joints shall
remaining gap between adjacent surfaces does not comply with 4.3 except that the total remaining gap
exceed 2 mm. between adjacent surfaces shall not exceed 1 mm.
The length of bolt shall be such that at least one 4.5 Marking for erection
clear thread shows above the nut after tightening,
and at least one thread plus the thread run out is Each piece of steelwork shall be suitably marked
clear between the nut and the unthreaded shank of before delivery, in accordance with a marking
the bolt. diagram.
NOTE It may also bear such other marks as will facilitate
Washers shall be provided where specified by the erection (see 3.2).
engineer and when oversize or slotted holes are
specified. 4.6 Protective treatment
Where specified by the engineer, the nuts used on All preliminary and protective treatments shall be
connections subject to vibration shall be secured to carried out in accordance with the engineer’s
prevent loosening. Self-locking nuts shall be used or specifications.3)
else the nuts shall be secured by the use of locknuts Areas of steel which are not to be treated or coated,
or upsetting of the threads of the bolts after or are to be kept clean and free from loose rust, oil,
assembly and tightening. loose scale, etc. shall be specified as such on the
Bolts, nuts and washers used to connect metal drawings.
sprayed or galvanized steelwork shall be spun Surfaces in contact but inaccessible after assembly
galvanized, sherardized or else electroplated with shall receive their specified protective treatment
zinc, cadmium or aluminium. before assembly.
2) Attention is drawn to the requirements of clause 4 of BS 5135:1984. The recommended carbon equivalent values given in Table 2
of BS 5135:1984 for the various BS 4360 product grades were based on a survey of steels from a limited number of sources of supply
and methods of manufacturer in the United Kingdom. Steels supplied to BS EN 10025 for the same design grades may not necessarily
give the same assurance against hydrogen cracking when weld procedures are based on these values.
Where it is desired to agree a maximum CEV value with the steel producer the following values may be appropriate:
design grade 43:0.41;
design grade WR50:0.54.
3)
BS 5493 gives guidance on protective treatments.
© BSI 11-1998 7
BS 5950-2:1992 Section 4
Unless special protection is provided against If the component is subsequently to be welded, the
corrosion, all hollow members shall be sealed in surface of the steel shall where practicable not be
order to prevent the access of moisture to the inside painted, metal coated, or otherwise treated within a
of the member. suitable distance if the treatment would impair
Galvanized hollow members shall have vent holes. weld quality. Where this is not practicable,
These shall either be large enough to ensure alternative procedures shall only be used with the
internal galvanizing or be sealed after the member engineer’s approval.
is galvanized. Welds and adjacent parent metal shall not be
Where pre-tensioned friction grip fasteners are painted prior to deslagging, inspection and
used, no protective treatment shall be applied to the approval.
faying surfaces unless so specified by the engineer.
All faying surfaces shall be adequately protected
until they are brought together. Exposed parts of
such joints shall be given their specified protective
treatment after the fasteners have been finally
tightened, inspected and approved.
8 © BSI 11-1998
Section 5 BS 5950-2:1992
Section 5. Erection
5.1 Delivery storage and handling 5.3 Alignment

Fabricated parts shall be handled and stacked in Each part of the structure shall be aligned as soon
such a way that permanent damage is not caused to as practicable after it has been erected. Permanent
the components. Means shall be provided to connections shall not be made between members
minimize damage to the protective treatment on the until sufficient of the structure has been aligned,
steelwork. levelled, plumbed and temporarily connected to
All work shall be protected from damage in transit. ensure that members will not be displaced during
Particular care shall be taken to stiffen free ends, subsequent erection or alignment of the remainder
prevent permanent distortion, and adequately of the structure.
protect all machined surfaces. All bolts, nuts,
washers, screws, small plates and articles generally
5.4 Accuracy of construction
shall be suitably packed and identified. Unless otherwise specified by the engineer, the
accuracy with which the steelwork is assembled and
5.2 Erection of structural steelwork erected shall be as set out in section 7.
The erection of the steelwork for the structural Due account shall be taken of the effects of
frame shall be planned and carried out so as to temperature on the structure and measuring
ensure safe working conditions at all times. For instruments when measurements are made for
guidance BS 5531 and Health and Safety document setting out and erection, and for dimensional checks
GS 284) shall be followed. carried out subsequently.
Throughout the erection of the structure, the
steelwork shall be securely bolted or fastened in
5.5 Protective treatment: site
order to ensure that it can adequately withstand all application
loadings liable to be encountered during erection, Where a protective treatment is to be carried out or
including, where necessary, those from erection completed on site, the requirements of 4.6 shall
plant and its operation. Any temporary bracing or apply.
temporary restraint shall be left in position until Any damage to the protective treatment which
such time as erection is sufficiently advanced so as occurs shall be made good. Repairs shall be carried
to allow its safe removal. out in accordance with the recommendations of the
All connections for temporary bracing, bolts, manufacturer of the treatment system and shall be
members, etc. to be provided for erection purposes approved by the engineer.
shall be so made that they do not weaken the
permanent structure or impair serviceability.
4)
Safe erection of structures. Part 1 Initial planning and design, 1984. Part 2 Site management and procedure, 1985. HMSO.
© BSI 11-1998 9
BS 5950-2:1992 Section 6
Section 6. Supports and foundations

6.1 Positioning and setting in of 6.3 Bedding and grouting up of

foundation bolts structures
Foundation bolts shall be set out within the limits
6.3.1 Preparation
for position and level specified in 7.3.1.
No grouting shall be carried out until a sufficient
Foundation bolts shall be held firmly in position portion of the structure (for multi-storey buildings,
during all setting in operations, and care shall be a sufficient number of bottom lengths of stanchions)
taken to ensure that the full movement tolerances has been aligned, levelled, plumbed and adequately
are achieved. braced by other structural components which have
Bolts, threads and nuts shall be fully protected been levelled and are securely held by their
against damage, cement grout, corrosion, etc. at all permanent connections.
stages of construction. Immediately before grouting the space under the
Where tubes are to be concreted into foundations to steel shall be clear of all debris and free water.
be used at a later stage for grouting up of bolt
pockets, they shall be securely fixed and effectively 6.3.2 Bedding stanchions in pocket bases
sealed to prevent ingress of grout from the Stanchions in pocket bases shall be grouted with
surrounding concrete during placing operations. fine dense Portland cement concrete having a
Pockets formed around foundation bolts shall be characteristic cube strength at 28 days not less than
kept clean and free from debris, water, etc. that of the surrounding concrete base nor less
than 20 N/mm2, and with a maximum aggregate
Proprietary bolting systems shall be used in
size of 10 mm. The pocket shall be filled initially
accordance with the manufacturer’s
with concrete up to a height of at least two-thirds of
recommendations.
the embedded length of the stanchion and shall then
6.2 Packings remain undisturbed for at least 48 h.
Packs, shims and other supporting devices shall be 6.3.3 Encasing steelwork in foundations
flat, of adequate strength and rigidity, and not All steel in foundations shall be solidly encased in
larger than necessary. Where packings are to be left
consolidated Portland cement concrete having a
in position and subsequently grouted they shall be
characteristic cube strength of not less
placed such that they are totally enclosed by the
than 20 N/mm2 at 28 days.
grout.
A minimum cover of 100 mm shall be provided to
any steelwork where the concrete surrounding it is
adjacent to the soil.
10 © BSI 11-1998
Section 7 BS 5950-2:1992
Section 7. Tolerances
7.1 General 7.2.4 Tolerance on shape of built-up box

Notwithstanding the specified tolerances on sections
fabricated components of the structure, it shall be Built-up box sections shall not deviate from the
erected to comply with the specified erection specified shape at the diaphragm by more than:
tolerances in order to prevent subsequent (D + D )
1 2
difficulties in location or use of these components. ± 5 mm or ± -------------------------
- whichever is greater
400
NOTE The value of tolerances set out in this section generally
represent those which have been assumed in design carried out where D1 and D2 are the internal diagonal lengths
in accordance with BS 5950-15). of the box.
NOTE Connection requirements necessitate more stringent
7.2 Fabrication tolerances accuracy.
7.2.1 Cross section: rolled sections 7.2.5 Length

After fabrication, the tolerances on cross sections of The length of a member shall not deviate from its
rolled sections (including rolled sections used as specified length by more than ± 3 mm.
components of built-up members) shall be as
specified in BS 4 or BS 4848 as appropriate. 7.2.6 Straightness
Unless required to be any other shape, the deviation
7.2.2 Cross section: built-up members of a member from a straight line drawn between
For built-up I or H section members with an overall adjacent points of subsequent effective lateral
depth of less than 1 m the tolerances on the cross restraint shall not exceed:
section shall be as specified in BS 4 for rolled a) for all non-hollow sections used as beams or
sections. compression members:
For all other built-up sections the deviations from 3 mm or l/1 000 whichever is the greater;
the specified dimensions shall not exceed the
following (see Figure 1): b) for all other sections:
a) depth, D,: ± 4 mm; l
---------- , but not greater than 25 mm
500
b) width of flanges, B,: ± 6 mm;
where l is the distance between restraints (in mm).
c) offcentre of web, e, (maximum): ± 5 mm;
d) at any cross section the quantity (C–D) shall 7.2.7 Camber
not exceed: The deviation from specified camber ordinate at the
+ 6 mm for flanges not exceeding 450 mm wide; mid-length of the portion to be curved shall not
+ 9 mm for flanges over 450 mm wide; exceed the greater of:
where 12 mm or 1 mm/m length of the curved member.
C is the maximum overall as measured depth; 7.2.8 Squareness
D is the as measured average depth; The deviation from squareness of all ends relative to
e) maximum out-of-squareness of flange, F or the axis of the member shall be such that when the
F′: 6 mm; members are finally positioned and connected they
are true to their intended line (within the tolerances
f) maximum out-of-flatness of flange, ∆′,: the
B - or 3 mm. specified for erection) without excessive deflection
greater of ---------
150 or stresses being induced in them or any associated
7.2.3 Tolerance on web plates: built-up components.
members
The maximum distortion of web, ∆, on a gauge
length in any direction equal to the depth, d, of the
d or 3 mm
girder shall not exceed the greater of ---------
-
(see Figure 2). 150
5)
Additional or different tolerances may be specified where necessitated by the nature of the particular building or structure
under consideration. Such tolerances should be compatible with the design recommendations and product standards.
© BSI 11-1998 11
12
BS 5950-2:1992
Figure 1 — Flange out-of-square
Figure 2 — Flatness of web plates

Section 7
© BSI 11-1998
Section 7 BS 5950-2:1992
7.2.9 Flatness for contact bearing 7.3.3 Plumbing and alignment of columns
Where a “tight bearing” contact of a profile is 7.3.3.1 Single storey columns
specified on the drawings, the flatness shall be such
The deviation of the top of a column from its
that when measured against a straightedge laid
against the full length bearing surface in any specified position relative to the base shall not
direction: exceed the greater of 5 mm or 1/600 of the height
base to cap in any direction, except in the case of the
a) over at least 50 % of the length measured the deviation of the tops of the columns of a portal frame
gap does not exceed 0.25 mm; and measured in the plane of the frame.
b) over 90 % of the length measured the gap does
not exceed 0.75 mm. 7.3.3.2 Multi-storey columns
7.2.10 Verticality of web at supports 7.3.3.2.1 The deviations of the columns at any level
shall not exceed the greater of 5 mm or 1/600 of the
The deviation from verticality of the web at a storey height over the actual positions of the
support ∆D, columns at the level immediately below.
D - whichever is
shall not exceed 3 mm or ---------
300 7.3.3.2.2 The deviations of the columns at the
the greater (see Figure 3). topmost storey relative to required positions at the
foundations shall not exceed 5 mm per storey.
7.3 Erection tolerances
7.3.4 Position in plan of members
7.3.1 Connection to concrete elements Members other than columns shall not deviate from
7.3.1.1 Position their specified position relative to the columns to
which they are connected by more than 5 mm.
Unless otherwise specified by the engineer, the
position of the centre of any bolt at the point where 7.3.5 Levels
it connects to the steelwork shall not vary by more The level of the top of the steelwork at any storey
than ± 3 mm from its specified position for bolts shall be within ± 10 mm of the specified level, and
rigidly cast in, and ± 5 mm for bolts in sleeves. The shall not vary by more than ± 5 mm within any
position of the other end of the bolt shall be set such distance of 5 m measured at that storey level.
that any resulting slope of the bolt is not so large as
to cause difficulties in fitting the connection to the
structural frame.
7.3.1.2 Projection of bolt end
The projection of the end of the bolt shall not deviate
from that specified by more than + 25 mm
or – 5 mm.
7.3.1.3 Movement tolerance for bolts in sleeves
It shall be possible to move the bolt to the full extend
of the sleeve as provided.
7.3.2 Column bases
7.3.2.1 Position in plan
The position in plan of a steel column at the base
shall not deviate from the specified position by more
than 10 mm along either of the principal setting out Figure 3 — Deviation from verticality
axes.
7.3.2.2 Level
The level of the underside of a steel base plate shall
not deviate from the specified level by more
than ± 10 mm.
© BSI 11-1998 13
BS 5950-2:1992
Appendix A General 8) Drawings of the substructure, proposed or

recommendations for steelwork existing, showing:
tenders and contracts i) levels of stanchion foundations, if already
determined;
A.1 General ii) any details affecting the stanchion bases
The following recommendations are in line with or anchor bolts;
those generally adopted for steelwork construction. iii) permissible bearing pressure on the
They are given in this appendix for general foundation;
information.
iv) provisions for grouting, see 6.3.
The recommendations in this appendix do not form
part of the requirements of the standard and In the case of new work, the substructure
compliance with them is not necessary for the should be designed in accordance with the
purpose of complying with BS 5950. relevant codes dealing with foundations and
substructure.
The recommendations in this appendix are
unsuitable for inclusion as a block requirement in a 9) Climatic conditions on site including
contract, but in drawing up a contract the points seasonal variations of temperatures, humidity,
mentioned should be considered. maximum wind velocity and direction
(see CP 3: Chapter V: Part 2).
A.2 Exchange of information 10) Reference to bye-laws and regulations
Before the steelwork design is commenced, the affecting the steelwork design and
building designer should be satisfied that the construction.
planning of the building, its dimensions and other
b) Further information relating to buildings
principal factors, meet the requirements of the
building owner and comply with the regulations of 1) Plans of the floors and roof with principal
all authorities concerned. Collaboration of building dimensions, elevations and cross sections
designer and steelwork designer should begin at the showing heights between floor levels.
outset of the project by joint consideration of the 2) The occupancy of the floors and the positions
planning, the structural layout and materials to be of any special loads should be given.
used. 3) The building drawings, which should be
A.3 Information needed by the steelwork fully dimensioned, should preferably be to
designer scale of 1 to 100 or larger and should show all
The following information should be supplied to the stairs, fire-escapes, lifts, etc., suspended
steelwork designer. ceilings, flues, and ducts for heating and
ventilating. Doors and windows should be
a) General shown, as the openings may be taken into
1) Site plans showing in plan and elevation the account in the computation of dead load.
proposed location and main dimensions of the Requirements should be given in respect of
building or structure. any maximum depth of beams or minimum
2) Ground levels, existing and proposed. head room.
3) Particulars of building or other obstructions Large-scale details should be given of any
which may have to remain on the actual site of special features affecting the steelwork.
the new building or structure during the 4) The inclusive weight per square metre of
erection of the steelwork. walls, floors, roofs, suspended ceilings, stairs
4) Particulars of adjacent buildings affecting, and partitions, or particulars of their
or affected by, the new work. construction and finish for the computation of
5) Requirements regarding the erection dead load.
sequence of time schedule. The plans should indicate the floors which are
6) Conditions affecting the position or to be designed to carry partitions. Where the
continuity of members. layout of partitions is not known, or a given
7) Limits of length and weight of steel layout is liable to alteration, these facts
should be specially noted so that allowance
members in transit and erection.
can be made for partitions in any position
(see BS 6399-1).
14 © BSI 11-1998
BS 5950-2:1992
5) The superimposed loads on the floors 2) Plans of floor beams showing sizes, levels
appropriate to the occupancy, as given in and eccentricities. The beam reactions and end
BS 6399-1, or as otherwise required. moments together with details of the type of
Details of special loads from cranes, runways, connection required should be shown on the
tips, lifts, bunkers, tanks, plant and plans. A clear statement covering the use of
equipment. load factors, and saying if the quoted figures
are factored or unfactored.
6) The grade of fire resistance appropriate to
the occupancy, as given in BS 5588, or 3) Plan of roof steelwork. For a flat roof the
otherwise required. plan should give particulars similar to those of
a floor plan. Where the roof is sloping, details
A.4 Information needed by the tenderer (if not should be given of trusses, portals, purlins,
also the designer) bracing, etc.
The following information should be supplied to the 4) The steelwork drawings should preferably
tenderer. be to a scale of 1 to 100 and should give
a) General identification marks against all members.
1) All information listed under A.3 a). 5) Particulars of holes required for services,
2) Results of the investigation of subsoils at pipes, machinery fixings, etc. Such holes
site of building or structure. should preferably be formed at works.
3) Accessibility of site and details of power A.5 Detailing
supply. In addition to the number of copies of the approved
4) Whether the steelwork contractor will be drawings or details required under the contract,
required to survey the site and set out or check dimensioned shop drawings or details should be
the building or structure lines, foundations submitted in duplicate to the engineer who should
and levels. retain one copy and return the other to the steel
5) Setting-out plan of foundations stanchions suppliers or fabricators with any comments.
and levels of bases. A.6 Time schedule
6) Cross sections and elevations of the steel As the dates on which subsequent trades can
structure, as necessary, with large-scale commence depend on the progress of erection of the
details of special features. steel framing, the time schedule for the latter
7) The use of bolted or welded connections. should be carefully drawn up and agreed by the
Particular attention should be drawn to parties concerned at a joint meeting.
connections of a special nature such as
overhead welds, HSFG bolts and site welding. A.7 Procedure on site
8) Quality of steel, see 2.1, and provisions for The steelwork contractor should be responsible for
identification. the positioning and levelling of all steelwork. Any
checking or approval of the setting out by the
9) Requirements in respect of surface general contractor or the engineer should not relieve
treatment at works and on site. the steelwork contractor of his responsibilties in this
10) Approximate dates for commencement and respect. See 5.3 and 5.4.
completion, of erection.
11) Details of any tests which have to be made A.8 Inspection and testing
during the course of fabrication, erection or A.8.1 General
upon completion. Provision should be made for the engineer or such
12) Where the tenderer is required to take off representatives or independent inspection and
quantities, a list should be given of the testing agencies as he may appoint to have access at
principal items to be included in the schedule. all reasonable times to all places where work, both
b) Further information relating to buildings on site and at the contractor’s premises, is being
carried out. Facilities for inspection and testing of
1) Schedule of stanchions giving sizes, lengths the work should be provided in accordance with the
and typical details of brackets, joints, etc. agreed procedure.
© BSI 11-1998 15
BS 5950-2:1992
A.8.2 Measurements A.8.3 Qualification and testing of welders

Acceptance levels of parameters during inspection For welding of any particular type of joint, welders
and testing should be specified by the engineer should give evidence acceptable to the engineer of
either by reference to the appropriate British having satisfactorily completed appropriate tests as
Standard or, where no standard exists or where specified in BS 4871-1 and BS 4872 as appropriate.
special circumstances prevail, by consideration of The engineer may require the tests to be carried out
values appropriate to the particular structure. in his presence or that of his representatives.
NOTE Acceptance levels for welding of statically loaded
building structures are in preparation.
16 © BSI 11-1998
BS 5950-2:1992
Publication(s) referred to
(See also foreword.)

BS 4, Structural steel sections.

BS 29, Specification for carbon steel forgings above 150 mm ruling section.
BS 2853, Specification for the design and testing of steel overhead runaway beams.
BS 3100, Specification for steel castings for general engineering purposes.
BS 3692, Specification for ISO metric precision hexagon bolts, screws and nuts. Metric units.
BS 4190, Specification for ISO metric black hexagon bolts, screws and nuts.
BS 4320, Specification for metal washers for general engineering purposes. Metric series.
BS 4360, Specification for weldable structural steels.
BS 4395, Specification for high strength friction grip bolts and associated nuts and washers for structural
engineering.
BS 4395-1, General grade.
BS 4570, Specification for fusion welding of steel castings.
BS 4604, Specification for the use of high strength friction grip bolts in structural steelwork. Metric series.
BS 4848, Hot-rolled structural steel sections.
BS 4871, Specification for approval testing of welders working to approved welding procedures.
BS 4871-1, Fusion welding of steel.
BS 4872, Specification for approval testing of welders when welding procedure approval is not required.
BS 4933, Specification for ISO metric black cup and countersunk head bolts and screws with hexagon nuts.
BS 5135, Specification for arc welding of carbon and carbon manganese steels.
BS 5493, Code of practice for protective coating of iron and steel structures against corrosion.
BS 5531, Code of practice for safety in erecting structural frames.
BS 5588, Fire precautions in the design, construction and use of buildings.
BS 5950, Structural use of steelwork in building.
BS 5950-1, Code of practice for design in simple and continuous construction: hot rolled sections.
BS 5996, Methods for ultrasonic testing and specifying quality grades of ferritic steel plate.
BS 6399, Loading for buildings.
BS 6399-1, Code of practice for dead and imposed loads.
BS 8110, Structural use of concrete.
CP 3, Code of basic data for the design of buildings.
Chapter V Loading.
BS 8110-2 Wind loads.
BS EN 10002-1, Tensile testing of metallic materials.
BS EN 1002-1 Method of test at ambient temperature.
BS EN 10025, Specification for hot rolled products of non-alloy structural steels and their technical delivery
conditions.
© BSI 11-1998
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BRITISH STANDARD BS 5950-2:

Committees responsible for this

The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Civil

British Constructional Steelwork Association Ltd.

This British Standard, having

© BSI 11-1998 Amd. No. Date Comments

7766 July 1993 Indicated by a sideline in the margin

ISBN 0 580 20427 8

Committees responsible Inside front cover

© BSI 11-1998 iii

1.1 Scope 1.2 Definitions

2.1 Structural steel 2.1.6 Laminar defects

Table 1 — Performance requirements for structural steelwork

2.2.4 Welding consumables 2.5 Grout

2.5.2 Special grouts b) expanding grout;

or Fe 430 B or Fe 430 B or Fe 430 B

43C Fe 430 C Fe 430 C Fe 430 C 43Cf

43EE d 43EEf d 43EEf

or Fe 510 B or Fe 510 B or Fe 510 B

50B(T) Fe 510 Be Fe 510 Be Fe 510 Be d

50C Fe 510 C Fe 510 C Fe 510 C 50Cf

50EE d 50EEf d 50EEf

55C 55Cf 55Cf 55Cf 55Cf

3.1 General 3.4.2.2 Punching and reaming

3.4.3 High strength friction grip fasteners 3.6 Joints in compression

3.5 Contact surfaces of high strength

5.1 Delivery storage and handling 5.3 Alignment

Section 6. Supports and foundations

6.1 Positioning and setting in of 6.3 Bedding and grouting up of

7.1 General 7.2.4 Tolerance on shape of built-up box

7.2.1 Cross section: rolled sections 7.2.5 Length

Figure 1 — Flange out-of-square

Figure 2 — Flatness of web plates

Appendix A General 8) Drawings of the substructure, proposed or

A.8.2 Measurements A.8.3 Qualification and testing of welders

(See also foreword.)

BS 4, Structural steel sections.

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