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Week 05 - Solution - Methodologies

This document discusses various solution methodologies that can be used to analyze problems and implement solutions. It provides examples of different methodologies like brainstorming, abstraction, analogy, lateral thinking, and root cause analysis. For brainstorming, it gives an example scenario of using it to solve the problem of reducing customer numbers at a shop. It also provides examples for how abstraction, analogy, and lateral thinking would work. Finally, it discusses critical path analysis and provides a simple example of mapping out the key steps for making an omelet.

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46 views21 pages

Week 05 - Solution - Methodologies

This document discusses various solution methodologies that can be used to analyze problems and implement solutions. It provides examples of different methodologies like brainstorming, abstraction, analogy, lateral thinking, and root cause analysis. For brainstorming, it gives an example scenario of using it to solve the problem of reducing customer numbers at a shop. It also provides examples for how abstraction, analogy, and lateral thinking would work. Finally, it discusses critical path analysis and provides a simple example of mapping out the key steps for making an omelet.

Uploaded by

MUSIC & TECH
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Unit 3: Professional Practice

Lesson [5]
Solution Methodologies

1
By the end of this unit a student
will be able to:
LO1 Demonstrate a range of interpersonal and transferable communication
skills to a target audience

LO2 Apply critical reasoning and thinking to a range of problem-solving


scenarios

LO3 Discuss the importance and dynamics of working within a team and the
impact of team working in different environments
LO4 Examine the need for Continuing Professional Development (CPD) and
its role within the workplace and for higher level learning

2
Pass , Merit and Distinction
criteria For this section

3
Solution Methodologies

▪ Problem Solving Methodologies are processes through


which a situation or issue may be analyzed and
solutions implemented.
▪ Different methodologies may be optimized for specific
applications.

4
Example Solution Methodologies:

▪ Brainstorming
▪ Abstraction
▪ Analogy
▪ Lateral thinking
▪ Root cause analysis

5
Brainstorming

▪ We have discussed about what is brainstorming in


preview lesson. (Kindly refer the lesson 4)
▪ For the practical approach lets discuss an example.

6
Brainstorming example
▪ Situation: The number of customers to a shop has reduced in recent
months; the owner is looking for new ways to attract new customers
and to increase the frequency of existing customers.
▪ Problem: How can we get more customers?
▪ The Brainstorming :
▪ Plan the session – fix the place and time
▪ The shop employees are invited to participate.
▪ The facilitator is a good communicator
▪ The facilitator raises the question: How can we get more customers?
▪ She/he set out the rules of the session; 20 minutes, anyone can produce an
idea, every participant has to respect the ideas of his/her colleague and NOT
CRITICISE!
▪ The facilitator calls for ideas
▪ The scribe, using a mind map, writes down the ideas generated

7
Brainstorming example cont.

8
Abstraction

▪ Abstraction is the process of filtering out – ignoring - the


characteristics of patterns that we don't need in order to
concentrate on those that we do.
▪ Eventually this can mature into thinking at the correct level
of abstraction, an important problem solving skill.
▪ As the problem is explored, the process provides the
appropriate abstractions by asking the right question at
each point on the long road to solving the problem.
▪ Finally, ignoring - the characteristics that we don't need in
order to concentrate on those that we do.

9
Abstraction example
▪ When baking a cake, there are some general characteristics between
cakes. For example:
▪ a cake needs ingredients
▪ each ingredient needs a specified quantity
▪ a cake needs timings
▪ When abstracting, we remove specific details and keep the general
relevant patterns.
General patterns Specific details
We need to know that a cake has We don't need to know what those
ingredients ingredients are
We need to know that each ingredient We don’t need to know what that
has a specified quantity quantity is
We need to know that each cake needs We don't need to know how long the
a specified time to bake time is

10
Analogy

▪ Analogy is a fundamental cognitive process in which a


source (a known piece of information) and a target (a
problem or current domain of knowledge) are linked to
one another by a systematic mapping of attributes
and/or relations, which then allows for transfer of
existing knowledge to the target.

11
Analogy example

▪ Ex.1. Moon : Satellite : : Earth : ?


▪ (A) Sun
▪ (B) Planet
▪ (C) Solar system
▪ (D) Round
▪ Answer : B
▪ Solution:
▪ As, ‘Moon’ is a ‘Satellite’. Similarly, ‘Earth’ is a ‘Planet’.

12
Lateral thinking
▪ Lateral thinking is the mental process of generating
ideas and solving problems by looking at a situation or
problem from a unique perspective.
▪ It is ability to think creatively or “Outside and box”.

13
Lateral thinking example

▪ Question: A woman had two sons who were born on the


same hour of the same day of the same month of the
same year. But they were not twins. How could this be
so?

▪ They were two of a set of triplets (or quadruplets etc.)

14
Root cause analysis

▪ A root cause analysis is a process used to identify the


primary source of a problem.

15
Root cause analysis example

16
Critical Path Analysis

▪ Critical path analysis is a network diagraming technique


used to predict total project duration.
▪ Critical path for project is the series of activities that
determine the earliest time by which the project can be
completed.

17
Critical Path Analysis example
▪ If you had to create a short recipe for making an omelet, it
would look something like this:
▪ Beat 2 eggs
▪ Heat a pan, add butter/oil when hot
▪ Pour in the beaten eggs and cook for 5 minutes

18
Critical Path Analysis example

19
Activity:
▪ Students to develop a CPA for a given scenario. (D2)
E.g. – Training event
Key steps
▪ A – Forming the team
▪ B – Finalizing a topic
▪ C – Preparing proposal
▪ D – Preparing the teaching materials
▪ E – Preparing the schedule
▪ F – Finalising the participants
▪ G – Conduct the training event

20
End of Lesson 5

21

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