G4 Lab Report

A LABORATORY REPORT: Creating Mini Wastewater Treatment Plants
A Laboratory Report
Presented to Mr. Rodrigo Abella,
Chemistry for Engineers (CHEM11a) Instructor,
of University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines
BSME – 1E
DANGGOY, DANICA ROSE Z.

DORDAS, REY A.
ENTIERRO, JULES CAESAR A.
FLORENDO, EZEKIEL H.
January 2022
Introduction
As the world continues to expand, so do huge concerns concerning various

resources. The scarcity of clean water, which we all require, is one of the issues we
confront today. In recent years, particularly in developing countries, a lack of clean
water and water availability has been a challenge. Water treatment, which includes
procedures like filtration, disinfection, coagulation, sedimentation, and others to
transform wastewater into clean water, is one of the ways to have a clean water
supply [1].
Wastewater is a water that has already been used. This includes things like
human feces, spit, oil, soap, and chemicals. Water from sinks, showers, tubs,
toilets, washing machines, and dishwashers are all included. Before being
discharged back into the environment, wastewater contains a range of dangerous
compounds that must be treated. Separation of solids and stabilization of
contaminants are two terms used to describe treatment. Stabilization, on the other
hand, refers to the deterioration of organic materials until chemical or biological
interactions cease. Even after the organic matter has been stabilized, treatment
can imply the removal of toxic or otherwise harmful chemicals (for example, heavy
metals or phosphorus) that are likely to alter sustainable biological cycles [2]. As a
result, treatment of wastewater is critical. The overall purpose of wastewater
treatment is to improve the water's quality before it's reused or disposed of in the
environment, with no risk to human health or damage to the ecosystem.
With that, the students will write a laboratory report addressing the topic of a
lack of clean water and wastewater treatment as a technique to transform
wastewater into clean water, using the video "Creating Mini Wastewater Treatment
Plants" as a reference for this laboratory exercise.
Objectives
The students want to learn about the importance of clean water, how to use
various water treatments, and how to tell the difference between filtered
wastewater and filtered water.
The major goal of this laboratory report is to provide information on
wastewater treatments, with a YouTube video showing the creation of a mini
wastewater treatment for plants serving as the primary source of information for this
laboratory report.
Materials
In creating the mini wastewater treatment for plants, the students used
thefollowing materials:
A. Materials for the Simulated Wastewater
Tablespoon
1.5 liters of water
2 tbsp. of Liquid soap
1 tbsp. of Plastic beads
1 tbsp. of Vegetable oil
1tbsp. of Coffee grounds
2 tbsp. of Fertilizer
2tbsp. of Sand
B. Materials for the Wastewater-treatment Filtration
2 liters of Clear plastic bottle

Coffee filters
Sand
Pebbles
Cotton mesh
Activated Charcoal
Gravel
Methods
The following are the steps for the experiment [3]:
1. Preparing the materials. The researchers will prepare the needed

materials for the experiment.
2. Treatments. The researchers will have 3 treatments for filtering the
wastewater.
3. Designing and creating of Treatments. The researchers will design
and create 3 treatments. Treatment Plant Design 1, will be composed
of 2 coffee filter, 500 grams of pebbles, and 500 grams of gravel.
Treatment Plant Design 2, will be composed of 4 coffee filters, 500
grams of pebbles, 1/3 2
cotton mesh, and 400 grams of sand.
Treatment Plant Design 3, will be composed of 1 coffee filter, and
350 grams of sand.
4. Filtration. The researchers will now filtrate the simulated wastewater
using the 3 wastewater-treatments.
5. Testing the turbidity. The researchers will measure the clarity of
water resulted from the 3 treatments. The turbidity is measured in
JTU on a scale of 0 to 100, as 0 shows the clearest water.
6. Collection of Data. The researchers will collect the data from the
resultsof the wastewater-treatments
Data and Results
For this experiment, the researchers are determining the turbidity. Turbidity is
a metric for a liquid's clarity, and it's measured in JTU on a scale of 0 to 100. The
JTU that is the closest to 0 is the clearest.
Simulated Filtered Filtered Filtered

Wastewater water from water from water from
Wastewater- Wastewater- Wastewater-
treatment 1 treatment 2 treatment 3
Turbidity 100 JTU 50 JTU 70 JTU 40 JTU
Figure 1. The turbidity of the wastewater and filtered waters.
The table shows that all three treatments had the same turbidity before the
studies, which is 100 JTU, but after filtering the wastewater in turn, each of the
three treatments had distinct results. Following the experimentation, the turbidity of
the wastewater in T1 decreased from 100 JTU to 50 JTU. Treatment Design 2 had
a turbidity level of 100 JTU before treatment, however after filtering, it was reduced
to 70 JTU. Meanwhile, T3 produced a 60 JTU drop from 100 JTU before the trial to
40 JTU afterward.
Analysis and Discussion
The findings and analyses of the data acquired, as well as their discussion
and realization, are presented in this section. The identification of the extent of the
efficiency of the design principles, as well as the cost assessment of alternative
treatment approaches, are two of the specific themes addressed in this section.
As for the findings, the wastewater with a turbidity level of 100 JTU was
subjected to the design principles and underwent alterations that resulted in a
considerable variation in turbidity level. There were substantial differences in the
turbidity levels of each treatment after the trial. The most successful treatment
design is treatment design 3, which yielded 40 JTU, followed by T2, which yielded 50
JTU, and T2, which yielded 70 JTU.
In comparison, the turbidity of the simulated wastewater and the filtered

water, we can infer that it has changes. All treatments decrease the turbidity of the
simulated wastewater. Wastewater-treatment 3, having the clearest filtered water
with a turbidity of 40 JTU, which is composed of 1 coffee filter, and 350 grams of
sand.
Conclusion and Recommendation
As a conclusion, filtration of wastewater, according to the study, will result in

cleaner water. We may filter wastewater using simply coffee filters, sand, charcoal,
pebbles, cotton mesh, and gravel, resulting in cleaner/clearer water. As students, we
are able to learn the importance of filtering wastewater and we hope that someday we
could build a bigger one for the community.
Based on the results of the experiment, we advise future researchers to

produce more treatments for greater accuracy and to utilize materials different than
the ones being used for filtering. Hence, the researchers recognized the following
gaps and areas of focus that might be investigated further in future research
studies:
1. Improving treatments, such as constructing a more effective filtering system

to provide better results.
2. Deep data collection and statistical analysis can be carried out to further test
and prove the efficacy of wastewater treatment.
References
[1] “Creating mini wastewater treatment plants,” YouTube, 01-Oct-2018.

[Online]. Available: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1vovK75C4hY.
[Accessed: 10-Jan-2022].
[2] “Small Scale Wastewater Treatment Plant Project,” E-book, 09-July-

1999. [Online]. Available: http://www.pacificwater.org/userfiles/file/TR0288.pdf
[3] “Shelton’s Water Refining,” Shelton’s Water, 07-Nov-2015. [Online].

Available: https://sheltonswater.com/blog/top-7-methods-of-water-treatment.

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A LABORATORY REPORT: Creating Mini Wastewater Treatment Plants

Presented to Mr. Rodrigo Abella,

Chemistry for Engineers (CHEM11a) Instructor,

of University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines

DANGGOY, DANICA ROSE Z.

As the world continues to expand, so do huge concerns concerning various

A. Materials for the Simulated Wastewater

B. Materials for the Wastewater-treatment Filtration

2 liters of Clear plastic bottle

The following are the steps for the experiment [3]:

1. Preparing the materials. The researchers will prepare the needed

Data and Results

Simulated Filtered Filtered Filtered

Figure 1. The turbidity of the wastewater and filtered waters.

Analysis and Discussion

In comparison, the turbidity of the simulated wastewater and the filtered

As a conclusion, filtration of wastewater, according to the study, will result in

Based on the results of the experiment, we advise future researchers to

1. Improving treatments, such as constructing a more effective filtering system

[1] “Creating mini wastewater treatment plants,” YouTube, 01-Oct-2018.

[2] “Small Scale Wastewater Treatment Plant Project,” E-book, 09-July-

[3] “Shelton’s Water Refining,” Shelton’s Water, 07-Nov-2015. [Online].

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