So) @. NOTES This Pdf includes the notes for the following chapters: « Greetings and Introduction * Understanding Sentences « Introduction to Tenses ¢ Forms of Verbs « Past Tense * Good Manners « Future Tense « Answers for Worksheet (Week 1-2) Greetings and Introduction Greetings are something friendly and polite you say you meet someone, Greetings aise shabya aur anukool shabdh hte hal inka prayog ham tab krto hal jab ham kisise mite ha Hindi me ham Namaskar bolkr logo to greet kite hai but english mein alag alag samay ke anusaar alag alag tarha ki greetings kr hoi hal. Chaliye dekhte hai english me logo ko Greet kaise kite hain — C alGreetings and Introduction Greetings are something trenaly and polite you say you meet someone, Greetings aise shabya aur anukool shabdh hote hai inka prayog ham tab krte hal jab ham kisise mite ha Hindi me ham Namaskar bol logo to greet kite hai but english mein ‘alag alag samay ke anusaar alag alag tarha ki greatings kin Poti hal CChalye dekhte hai english me logo ko Greet aise krte hain Greetings in English based on time: + Good Morning: When you Meet someone in the Morning (Sunrise to 12PM) Good Afternoon: When you meet someone in after 12 PM and betore 5 PM Good Evening: When you meet someone after 5 PM and before ‘Sunset Good Night : This is generally an ending Greeting, we can use at the end of the day before we go to bed. ‘Theve are also some types of greetings we can use anytime. They are "ot considered as formal as the above greetings but if you are not sure ‘about the time its bette to say HilHello rather than using the wrong time ‘dependent greeting. English me kuch aise greetings bhi hota hai jinko app kis bhi samay use kr sakte hai Hello! Hi Hey Greetings are generally folowed up by a question that starts a ‘conversation, here are some frequently used follow up questions. + How are you doing? - Kaise hal aap? 1 How are you? - Kaise hai aap? Hy, what's up? - Kya haal nai? + Pro Tips - Be calm and let the other person react to your ‘greeting and then take the conversation forward, Greetings are not just words, greetings have a lotto do with your body language and the way of expression. Here are some general tips and "Wicks you can follow to be better at greetings: +The Smile: whenever you greet someone make sure you put a natural smile on your face, builds a strong connection. + Your Posture: Have an open and weleoming posture 2 Be clear and confident: Creates a good impression, increases your respect in the eyes ofthe other person. +The firm Handshake: Shows confidence, bullds a stronger connectionWhat is a Sentence? ‘A sentence is@ collection of words arranged in a particular ord it makes sense. Sentences have 3 part + Subject + Verb + Panga * Subject and verb are necessary for every sentence, Panga parts are ‘option pars which are added in order to add extra information in the sentence. ‘Sentence Structure in spoken English = Subject + Verb + Panga ‘Types of Panga + Object + Adjective 2 Advert + Noun, ‘Allthe sentences in English Language follow one ofthe following patterns: Subject - Verb This type of sentonce begins with a core sentence such walks.” Here, “Rohan’ i the subject and "walks" is the verb, He Runs They shouted Subject - Verb - Object ‘These sentences begin witha core sentence such as “She is playing a guitar.” In this sentence, "She" is the subject, “s playing” isthe verb, and "a guitar” isthe object. Lam riding the bike Ram was watching the movie Subject - Verb - Adjective This type of sentence begins with a core sentence lke “He Is. handsome." Here, “he” is the subject. "is" is the verb, and “handsome” is the adjective, My car's very beautiful ‘Our lunch was delicious, C |Subject - Verb - Adverb ‘These sentences begin with a core sentence such as “The gir walked away.” In this sentence, “the iis the subject, “walked” isthe verb, and ‘away’ is the adverb, He talks very fast They are walking slowly Subject - Verb - Noun ‘Sentences ofthis type begin witha core sentence such as “The professor is a woman." Here, “the professor” the subject. "s” is the ‘verb, and "a woman’ is the noun, Seemais a singer Tam a public speaker That cars a Maruti wagooR Note - It is possible to have more than one subject and verb in one sentence, you can add them using ",” and “AND” troduction to Tenses “Tenses are a method we use to refer to time in English language. “There are tree primary tenses: Present, Past, Future + Present Tense: Jo ho raha hal + Past Tense: Jo ho chuka hat + Futuro Tonse: jo hone wala hai Sentence 1 ‘Sentence 2 Present Tense | work in a corporate office. | They eat the apples. PastTense _|Iworked as fireman. | They ate the apple. Future Tene [twill work as a pilot. ‘They will eat the applos We can see that the subject and the Panga part remains the same but the verb is changing. In English language verbs change their forms in different tenses ‘and thus verbs become the identifier of tenses. But if we look at verbs in the case of past tense “eat” become “ate” In future tence the verb remains the same but a new word ‘vill is added, But how do we know which verb is going to change into what? Now every verb has different forms = Let's ist alk about the two basic forms of verts.Forms Of Verbs Every Verb has two forms: Simple Forms, Past Form We use simple form of verbs for Present tense and Future tense, but ‘verb changes to past form while forming past tense sentences. We discussed who different examples just now, i we compare both of their past form we can see that one has -ed added tothe main verb and the other just changed the word entirely “There are two types of verbs (Acche aur Naalayak) and they change forms according to their ypes. Note - Refer to the forms of verb PDF to understand the concept better. Past Tense ‘The Basic Sentence Structure will remain the same for Past tense as ‘well but there will be a sight change, the Verb is going to change tots past form. ‘Therefore the Sentence structure for Past Tense becomes: Subject + Verb (Past form) + Panga Let's take an example Mai kal College gya tha - we can see that Subject - Mat /1 Verb - Gya tha /Go Panga - Object - College ‘So we need to change the the verb now Past for Go is Went, Therelore the sentence becomes “I went to the college yesterday” Future Tense “The sentonce structure for future tonce also follows the similar pattems vith just an addition of WILL" before the verb. ‘Therefore the sentence structure becomes: Subject + will + Verb + Panga For example * Mai kal college jaunga’ Subject - Mal /1 Verb - Gya tha /Go Panga - Object - College“Thoroforo, the sentence becomes "will go to college tomorrow’ Good Manners. lease: Kisi ko request karne ko liye hum ‘please’ bolte hal Example - Please pass me the water || Please do this work for me || Please reduce the volume “Thank you’ is dhanyawaad. Example - Aapko bahut timo 60 ok naya phone chahiye, aur aapko bade bhaifbeien ne aapke liye ye phone laaya, ‘Toh aap unhe kya bolenge?: Thank you so much fr the phone. 1 love it Response to Thank you Example - You are welcome || I's alight | My pleasure ‘Maafi mangna - Sorry Example - Agar aapse koi dost ya pariwaar waale gussa ho ja toh aap boleng "lam sorry, please forgive me” ‘Sympathy - Sahanubhuti Example = ST PE RTE on Fer wa 8 at ‘SR Wee wT HA ETT TA (am sory for your loss.) + Excuse Me - Disturb karne ke liye Example - Excuse me for a minute || Please excuse me, | have to {90 t0 the tole |an. Answers to Worksheet for wook 1-2 -Underine the Subject and circle the Objec/Panga inthe following 1" 12. 13, 4. Subject: Radha (Object/Panga: Many que ‘Subject: You (ObjectPanga: Pencil ‘Subject: David (ObjecuPanga: Paper plane ‘Subject: My sister (Object/Panga: Novel ‘Subject: You ‘ObjecuPanga: The Food ‘Subject: | (ObjectPanga: Homework, the Radio ‘Subject: | bject/Panga: My cell phone ‘Subject: The rain CObjectiPanga: My window ‘Subject | ObjectPanga: dollars ‘Subject: My aunt (bjectPanga: a burger ‘Subject: You ObjectPanga: That word ‘Subject: Ral (Objoct/Panga: Basketball, ‘Subject: You (ObjectiPanga: the fish‘Q2-Underline the Subjectsubjects, verb/verbs or ObjecvObjects in the sentence and specty S, VOR O above them respectively. 1. Subject : Mike, Rachet Verb : Moved bject/Panga : away ‘Subject: They Verb : Call and email, bjectiPanga : us ‘Subject : John Verb : Swims and Jogs (bjoctiPanga : every day ‘Subject: Saurav and Harsh Verb visit (ObjectPanga : thom ‘Subject : Jay and Rosy Verb : Moved (ObjectPanga : here 6. Subject: They Verb : Speak and Read (ObjectiPanga : English 7. Subject: Isha, Raj and Mayank Verb : wrote (ObjecuPanga : a play on romance 8 Subject: They Verb : practiced and presented (bjectPanga : the play 8. Subject: We Verb : Clapped and Smiled (ObjectPanga : the end 10. Subject : The parents and principal Verb liked (ObjectiPanga : the play‘Subject: He Verb : grows (ObjectPanga : carrots and tomatoes ‘Subject: He Verb : Jumped and Shouted CObject/Panga : No Panga INTRODUCTION To TENSES Qt-dentiy the tense ofthe verb: ‘Simple Past Tonso ‘Simple Present Tense ‘Simple Past Tense Simple Present Tense ‘Simple Past Tense ‘Simple Present Tense ‘Simple Present Tense ‘Simple Past Tense ‘Sample Present Tense 10.Simple Past Tonse 11.Simple Past Tense 12.Simplo Present Tense 13 Simple Past Tense 14 Simple Past Tense 15.Simple Present Tense 16.Simplo Past Tense 17.Simple Present Tense 18 Simple Present Tense 18.Simple Present Tense 20.Simple Present Tense VERBS Q1-Fllin the bianks with the appropriate verb from the box. 1. Weallhadto__smile 2. She tikes to a ‘and say cheese forthe picture. through the halls ofthe school. ‘over the large puddle. C |‘My aunt wants us to Sing__in the chorus, 5. Next year, we wil___Fly__ home on the large plane. 6. Chet Jack wil__Flip__ the pancakes when they ae ready. 7. cant wait to__Draw___with the new markers | brought. 8. Itis tough o.goto__Steep_a night before Diwali 8 Tommy wit__Ba It he cant find his chew toy. 10. We will bake the cake, decorate it, then __Eat__ it ‘@2-Choose the proper verb for each sentence: (8) Began (C) Broke (A) Buit (C) Drew (A) Heid {Q3-Select the correct verb for each sentence: 1. Think 2. Tore 3. Swim 4, Stole 5. Rode 6. Brought 7. Saw 8. Sat 9. Bit 10.Siept PAST TENSESo) PAST TENSE Q1-Fillin the bianks with the past form of verbs: 1. Sang 2. Scored 3. Baked 4. Wrote 5. Laughed 6. Drove 7. Broke 8. Thanked 9. Started t0.Went ‘Q2-Convert the sentences tothe past form: | walked to school | swam inthe lake. ‘She was laughing atthe picture, They walked together. Hoved mangoes. We began class at 10 am sharp. ‘My parents went to the movies. Bhavya was atthe supermarket. You practiced basketball daly 10.We went o school Q3-Fillin tho bianks with the past form ofthe ver: 1. Went, Watched, Ate 2. Helped, Was, Invited, Received, Listened, Danced 3. Travelled, Saw, Visited, Took‘Good Manners, {Q1-Select the correct answer from the box for each sentence: 4. Excuse me 2. Please 3. Thank you 4. Sony 5. Nice to meet you 6. Sharing 7. Respect 8. Are you okay? FUTURE TENSE Q1-Fillin the bianks with the future form of verbs: wit jump Will complete will swim Will water wit play willbuy {Q2-The verbs in each sentence are written wrongly. Change them into Future tense: 1. Rina wil go to school tomorrow. | will colebrate my birthday next wook. We will open the window soon. ‘The headmaster wil vsit our class this afternoon We wil play games ater this class. It wil rain tonight. | wil study in grade 3 next year ‘She will open the window soon. We will start moming classes from next month 10.The headmaster wil ist our class this afternoon,