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Volvo Data Bus

This document provides information about data buses and digital communication between components in vehicles. It explains that data buses use high and low voltage levels in binary format to transmit information as messages between components, with each message containing identification numbers to indicate the sending and receiving devices and relevant parameter details. An example message is shown being transmitted between an engine control unit and oil pressure sensor, with the message containing identification codes and a value for the current oil pressure reading.

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kianoush Volvo construction equipment
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55 views

Volvo Data Bus

This document provides information about data buses and digital communication between components in vehicles. It explains that data buses use high and low voltage levels in binary format to transmit information as messages between components, with each message containing identification numbers to indicate the sending and receiving devices and relevant parameter details. An example message is shown being transmitted between an engine control unit and oil pressure sensor, with the message containing identification codes and a value for the current oil pressure reading.

Uploaded by

kianoush Volvo construction equipment
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Service Information

Document Title: Function Group: Information Type: Date:


Data buses, function 300 Service Information 11/24/2022
Profile:
EC210B NC Volvo

Data buses, function


Showing Selected Profile

Valid for serial numbers


Model Production site Serial number start Serial number stop
EC210B NC Volvo

Figure 1
The oscilloscope display shows voltage level on the data bus
Data buses constitute a way to transmit information between different components.
In conventional systems, primarily analogue signals have been used. Analogue signals mean that different voltage levels
represent different values.
A simplified example of analogue signals:
1 Volt = 10 °C (50 °F), 2 Volt = 20 °C (68 °F), 3 Volt = 30 °C (86 °F), etc.
Data buses use digital communication. This means that voltage only varies between two different values, either "high" or
"low". By combining these high and low signals, it is possible to describe different values.
The illustration shows an oscilloscope display where voltage is measured on the data bus. As is evident in the illustration, the
greatest part of the time is "silent" on the bus, but every so often, a number of fast impulses can be seen. A collection of
impulses is called a message.
The enlarged oscilloscope display shows a message that consists of a combination of high and low voltage levels.
Messages and information content
Figure 2
Information content
The different voltage levels are represented by the different digits in the binary number system. The binary number system
only has two digits, ones and zeros.
The ones normally represent a high voltage, and the zeros represent a low voltage.
Note in the example from the oscilloscope display, in this case, ones are shown as low voltage and zeros are shown as high
voltage, and this depends on which bus and on which cables the measurement is performed.
Every individual binary digit is called a "bit". This message consists of four groups of binary digits.
The start and stop bits are shaded since they do not contain any information.
Each group constitutes 1 Byte = 8 bits. One Byte can represent a value between 0 (0+0+0+0+0+0+0+0) and 255 (128+64
+32+16+8+4+2+1).
Figure shows the information content in the four different parts of the message.
The square in the illustration shows the different binary and decimal values that the information in the message contains.
NOTE!
The information is sent out on the bus with the "lowest" digit first of the binary digits. The normal way of noting binary
numbers is shown in the square in the illustration.

Figure 3
Voltage levels binary data
The purpose of the start and stop bits is only to function as markers for where the group begins and ends. In figure, only the
start and stop bits are marked, the other information is shaded.
Identification number
Figure 4
Identification of control units and components

Abbreviation Explanation

MID Message Identification D escription (identification of control unit). There is a unique number for each
control unit.

PID Parameter Identification D escription (identification of parameter/value). There is a unique number for
each parameter.

PPID Proprietary Parameter I dentification Description (Volvo-uniqueidentification of parameter/value).


There is a Volvo-unique number for each parameter.

SID Subsystem Identification D escription (identification of component). The SID-number depends on which
control unit (MID) that they are sent from. Each control unit has its own number series for SID. The
exceptions are SID-numbers 151 –255 which are general for all systems.

PSID Proprietary Subsystem I dentification Description. (Volvo-uniqueidentification of component).

FMI Failure Mode I dentifier (identification of failure type).


Figure 5
Identification of control units and components
The message consists of four parts, A, B, C and D.

Message on data bus

Part Explanation

A MID. MID 128 shows that the message comes from the engine control unit.

B PID. PID 100 shows component oil pressure sensor.

C Data part. In this example, it is shown what the engine oil pressure is. The value can vary between 000 for
minimum oil pressure and 255 for maximum oil pressure.

D Check sum. In this example, 240. The check sum is a check that the message is reasonable.

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