How To Install LEMP Stack on Ubuntu 22.

04 LTS
 TUTORIALS, UBUNTU, UBUNTU BASED •  MAY 13, 2022 08:59

In this tutorial, we will show you how to install LEMP Stack on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS. For those of you who didn’t
know, LEMP Stack is a combination of free, open-source software. The acronym LEMP refers to the first letters of
Linux (Operating system), Nginx Server, MariaDB (database software), and PHP components to build a viable
general-purpose web server.

This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most
importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in
the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you the
step-by-step installation of the LEMP Stack on Ubuntu 22.04 (Jammy Jellyfish). You can follow the same
instructions for Ubuntu 22.04 and any other Debian-based distribution like Linux Mint, Elementary OS, Pop!_OS,
and more as well.

Prerequisites

A server running one of the following operating systems: Ubuntu 22.04, 20.04, and any other Debian-based
distribution like Linux Mint.
It’s recommended that you use a fresh OS install to prevent any potential issues.
SSH access to the server (or just open Terminal if you’re on a desktop).
A non-root sudo useror access to the root user. We recommend acting as a non-root sudo
user, however, as you can harm your system if you’re not careful when acting as the root.

Install LEMP Stack on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy

Jellyfish
Step 1. First, make sure that all your system packages are up-to-date by running the following apt commands in
the terminal.

sudo apt update

sudo apt upgrade

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 sudo apt install lsb-release ca-certificates apt-transport-https software-
properties-common

Step 2. Installing Nginx on Ubuntu 22.04.

By default, the Nginx is available on Ubuntu 22.04 base repository. Now run the following command below
to install the latest version of Nginx to your Ubuntu system:

sudo apt install nginx

After successfully installation, enable Nginx (to start automatically upon system boot), start, and verify the
status using the commands below:

sudo systemctl enable nginx

sudo systemctl start nginx
sudo systemctl status nginx

Confirm the installation and check the installed build version of Nginx:

nginx -v

Step 3. Configure Firewall.

Ubuntu 22.04 has ufw a firewall running by default. Enable connection through ports 80 HTTP and 443
HTTPS:

sudo ufw allow 'Nginx FULL'

sudo ufw enable
sudo ufw status

Step 4. Accessing Nginx Web Server.

Once successfully installed, open a web browser on your system and type the server’s IP in the address
bar. You will get the default Nginx server page:

Step 5. Installing MariaDB on Ubuntu 22.04.

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 By default, the MariaDB is available on Ubuntu 22.04 base repository. Now run the following command
below to install the latest version of MariaDB to your Ubuntu system:

sudo apt install mariadb-server mariadb-client

After successfully installation, enable MariaDB (to start automatically upon system boot), start, and verify
the status using the commands below:

sudo systemctl enable mariadb

sudo systemctl start mariadb
sudo systemctl status mariadb

Confirm the installation and check the installed build version of MariaDB:

mariadb --version

Step 6. Secure MariaDB installation.

By default, MariaDB is not hardened. You can secure MariaDB using the
mysql_secure_installation script. you should read and below each step carefully which will set a
root password, remove anonymous users, disallow remote root login, and remove the test database and
access to secure MariaDB:

mysql_secure_installation

Configure it like this:

- Set root password? [Y/n] y

- Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
- Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y
- Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y
- Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y

You can now connect to the MariaDB server using the new password:

mysql -u root -p

Output:

Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 46
Server version: 10.6.7-MariaDB-2ubuntu1 Ubuntu 22.04

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 Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]>

Step 7. Installing PHP on Ubuntu 22.04.

By default, the PHP is not available on Ubuntu 22.04 base repository. Now run the following command
below to add the Ondrej PPA to your system:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php

After the repository was added, Update the APT index then install PHP 8.1 using the following command
below:

sudo apt update

sudo apt install php8.1 php8.1-common libapache2-mod-php8.1 php8.1-cli php8.1-
fpm php8.1-xml

Confirm the installation and check the installed build version of PHP:

php --version

After successfully installation, enable php-fpm (to start automatically upon system boot), start, and verify
the status using the commands below:

sudo systemctl enable php8.1-fpm

sudo systemctl start php8.1-fpm
sudo systemctl status php8.1-fpm

Step 8. Setting Up Nginx Server Blocks.

Now create a new server block file under /etc/nginx/conf.d/ directory:

nano /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf

Add the following file:

server {
listen 80;
listen [::]:80;
server_name _;
root /var/www/html/;

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 index index.php index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html;

location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php;
}

location ~ \.php$ {
fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php8.1-fpm.sock;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
}

# A long browser cache lifetime can speed up repeat visits to your page
location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|webp|svg|woff|woff2|ttf|css|js|ico|xml)$ {
access_log off;
log_not_found off;
expires 360d;
}

# disable access to hidden files

location ~ /\.ht {
access_log off;
log_not_found off;
deny all;
}
}

Save and close the file, then restart the Nginx webserver to take change effect:

nginx -t
sudo systemctl start nginx

Step 9. Test PHP.

To test PHP scripts we need to add the info.php file in the document:

nano /var/www/html/info.php

Add the following to the file:

<?php phpinfo(); ?>

Let’s make sure that the server correctly displays the content generated by the PHP script by opening this
page in the browser: http://your-IP-address/info.php

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Step 10. Secure Nginx with Let’s Encrypt SSL.

Let’s Encrypt is a certificate authority that provides free SSL certificates for websites. Let’s Encrypt
supports auto installation of certificates on Nginx. Now run the following command below to install it:

sudo apt install python3-certbot-nginx

Next, run the following command to start the creation of your certificate:

sudo certbot --nginx --agree-tos --redirect --hsts --staple-ocsp --email

[email protected] -d www.domain.com

After that, we set up auto-renewal SSL because Let’s Encrypt is valid for 90 days only, so you need to
renew them often using the following command:

sudo certbot renew --dry-run

Step 11. Test SSL.

Once successfully completed secure Nginx with Let’s Encrypt SSL, now go to ssllabs.com/ssltest/, and
run an SSL test on your domain:

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Congratulations! You have successfully installed LEMP. Thanks for using this tutorial for installing the LEMP
Stack on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy Jellyfish system. For additional help or useful information, we recommend
you check the official LEMP website.

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