09PC602 - Digital Signal Processing VI Sem BE (IT) Notes
09PC602 - Digital Signal Processing VI Sem BE (IT) Notes
09PC602
DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
Dr. J. SASIKALA
Associate Professor
Department of Information Technology
Dr. J. Sasikala
Associate Professor
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Unit-4 - Finite Word Length Registers
UNIT‐V Multirate Digital Signal Processing
Fig. Spectra of the inte
ermediate aand decimaated sequen
nce
Fig. Spectra of the Original, intermediate and other sequences
Fig. An illustration of interpolation by a rational factor (L=3, M=2)
position of (a) a decim
Fig. Polyphaase decomp mation filter (b) an in
nterpolation
n
fiilter
Fig. Digital to Analogue conversion for a CD player using x8 oversampling
Fig. Simplified block diagram of single‐bit ADC scheme
Speech Compression
Filter into two bands:
50 Hz‐3.5 KHz: sample at 8 kHz, encode at 48 KB/s
3.5 KHz‐ 7 KHz: sample at 16 kHz, encode at 16 KB/s
4 KHz‐7 KHz
Vocal
tract excitation parameters (LPC
Coefficients)
Adaptive Filters
Adaptive Filters ‐ Applications
New Trends in Adaptive Filtering
Musical Sound Processing
The audio effects are artificially generated using various signal
processing circuits and devices, and increasingly by digital signal
processing techniques, often referred as Musical Sound processing.
All musical programs are produced in basically two stages:
Singlle Echo
o Filter
Multip
ple Echo
o Filter
To geneerate a fix
xed numbeer of multtiple echoe
es spaced
d R samp
pling perio
ods with
the exponentiallyy decaying
g amplituddes.
H(z) =
Rev
verbera
ation
The reverbera
ation is co
onsidered o denselyy packed echoes.
A nu
umber of special so ound effe
ects are often
o used
d in the mix-down
m process.
One such effe
ect is flang
ging.
It wa
as createdd by feeding the sa ecorders and then
ame musiccal piece to tape re
comb bining the
eir delaye
ed outputss while varying
v the differen
nce betweeen their
delayy.
Flang
ging Effec
ct:
Chorrus Gen
nerator and Phasing
Chorrus Effect:
Phassing Effec
ct:
Freq
quency--Domain
n Opera
ations
Thesse effects s are acchieved byb passin ng the orriginal siggnals throough an
equaalizer, the
e purpose of equallizer is to provide "presence e" by pea
aking the
mid-ffrequencyy compon he range of 1.5 GH
nents in th Hz to 3 GHz
G and to
t modify
the bass-trebl
b nships by providing boost or cut to co
e relation omponnetss outside
this range.
r
Adva
antages:
an inform
mation can be conveyed, displa ayed or ma anipulatedd
perfect re
eproducibiility-identiccal perform
mance fromm unit to un
nit.
Guarante eed accura
acy is onlyy determine ed by the number
n of bits used..
Stored almost inde
efinitely witthout loss of information
Disadvantages:
Speed and cost- bee expensivve with larg
ge bandwiidth signalss
DSP des signs can be time consuming g plus neeed the ne ecessary resources
r
(software
e etc.)
Finite wo
ord-length problems - if only a limited number
n of bits is use
ed due to
economic conside erations, serious degradatio on may result in n system
performaance.
Ou
utput fro
om the Algorithm
Singlle Echo
o Filter
Filterr Structure
Impulse Respo
onse with A=0.8 for R=4
R Magniitude Resp
ponse for R
R=7
Rev
verbera
ation
Block Diagrram
Imp
pulse Resp
ponse with
h A=0.8 forr R=4
Im
mage EEnhan
nceme
ent
Originall Image
Compre
essed Image
Imagge Enhanccement
E
Example
es
Spatial Domain Enhancement
Enhancement Methods
Nois
se Redu
uction
Intensity Adjustment
Histogram Equ
ualization
n
Image Thresholding
Gray Level Slicing
Image Rotation
Conversion M
Methods
Examp
ples:
Resources Required
Examples
Original Image Image with Salt & Pepper Noise
APPLICATIONS
Biology Astronomy