Total internal reflection

By: Kazhe kurdo

Grade: 8c
Supervisor: Anjolin Amjad
Introduction
Think about the following situation. A light beam travels from water to air. The light rays will
be reflected at the junction. The light ray bends away from the normal due to the fact that it
passes from a medium with a higher Refractive index to a lower one. The incident ray of light
passes along the surface of the water at a specific angle. The critical angle is a particular
angle of incidence. The angle of refraction is 90 degrees. The incident ray is reflected in the
medium if the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle. The phenomenon is called
total internal reflection. The formula of total internal reflection is Total internal reflection. n 1 /
n 2 = sin r / sin i. Total internal reflection Critical angle. Sin = n 2 / n 1. The names of the
symbols used in the total internal reflection formula and critical angle: r = angle of refraction.
I = angle of incidence. n 1 = refractive index in medium 1. n 2 = refractive index in medium 2.
θ = critical angle. Practical Applications of Total Internal Reflection

Notations Used In The Total Internal Reflection Formula And Critical Angle are
● r is the angle of refraction
● i is the angle of incidence
● n1 is the refractive index in medium 1
● n2 is the refractive index in medium 2
● θ is the critical angle

Aim
this experiment aims to uncover and discuss total internal reflection to understand the
formula and its true definition and to discuss our results in the form of a report.

Hypothesis,
The optical phenomenon of total internal reflection occurs when light is reflected at the
interface between two media.

This effect occurs when the angle of incidence exceeds a specified limit angle, the so-called
critical angle. Let me give you an example to clarify. When an incident ray hits an interface, it
is reflected and refracted. Rays travel from water medium to air medium and vice versa.
Rays are refracted at the interface separating the two media. A refracted ray bends away
from the normal when traveling from a medium with a higher index of refraction to a medium
with a lower index of refraction. An incident ray is refracted to pass through the water surface
at a specific angle of incidence (the critical angle). The angle of refraction will be 90 degrees,
and the incident light will be reflected from the medium if the angle of incidence is greater
than the critical angle. As a result, we know that this phenomenon is a total internal
reflection. Total internal reflection occurs when a ray of light travels from a denser medium to
a thinner medium. A ray is an incident at an angle of incidence greater than the critical angle.
The ray is then reflected off another, denser medium. The same medium before reflection.
The whole process is called total internal reflection. Light is refracted when it travels between
two surfaces made of transparent material. This is also called light bending. Lights or rays
moving towards or away from the normal are interfering. This is caused by switching from
one medium to another. This gives a simple definition of total internal reflection.

When does total internal reflection occur?

Consider the example of two light rays falling from an optically dense medium into an
optically thin medium at a particular point. Refraction of light. H. From normal, it occurs
under the phenomenon of refraction of light. This is a special condition where the angle of
refraction is greater than the angle of incidence.

The above statement explains that increasing the angle of incidence leads to increasing the
angle of refraction. There is one more point where the angle of refraction is vertical. When
this happens, the refracted rays are parallel to the interface.

The incident ray angle for the dense medium corresponds to the refracted ray angle for the
thinner medium, which is 90°. This is called the critical angle for total internal reflection (ic).

If a ray hits a surface at an angle greater than the critical angle, the ray will return to the
same medium. Total internal reflection is the entire process by which a ray of light bounces
off a dense medium.

Risk assessment
Hazard and associated Risk Precations

Risk of overflowing water Very low Make sure to measure or

decide on how much water
to use before the experiment
starts

Rist of harming self-using Low The weight of water and

glass dense oil can cause the
glass to fall and the glass to
break if not careful, keep
away from edges
Method
Taking a glass container to pour a 0.33 l water bottle into it and add oil then shine a laser
through it.

Materials
● Glass container
● Vegetable oil
● Water bottles
● Laser
 Steps
● Place a glass container on a flat surface
● Add a 0.33 L bottle of water
● Add 2 tablespoons of oil
● Shine laser at different angels

Results
The light coming from the laser bent in a zic zac type shape in the oil this is because the oil
is more dense than water
Discussion
Total internal reflection, in physics, a ray of light in a medium such as water or glass is
wholly reflected back into the medium from the surrounding surfaces. This phenomenon
occurs when the angle of incidence is more significant than a certain critical angle, called the
acute angle. In general, when a ray of light in a medium with a high refractive index
approaches another medium at an angle of incidence more remarkable than the critical
angle, total internal reflection occurs at the boundary between two transparent media. For
water and air surfaces, the acute angle is 48.5°. Since the index of refraction is wavelength
dependent, the critical angle (or total internal reflection angle) varies slightly with wavelength
and, thus, with color. Refraction and reflection occur at different rates for all angles less than
the critical angle.

Show to understand the concept of total internal reflection

Show to understand the concept of comprehensive internal reflection View all videos related
to this article—other optical instruments. Or multiple natural internal reflections in the fiber
can traverse long and winding paths.

Conclusion,
The total internal reflection of a ray of light from the surrounding surface back into a medium,
such as water or glass, is called total internal reflection. A phenomenon occurs when the
incidence angle exceeds a critical angle, known as the acute angle. Total internal reflection
occurs when a ray of light from a medium with a high refractive index approaches another
medium at an angle of incidence more significant than the critical angle at the boundary
between two transparent media. The acute angle is 48.5° when the press is water and air.
Since the index of refraction is wavelength dependent, the critical angle (or total internal
reflection angle) varies slightly with wavelength and, thus, with color. Both refraction and
reflection occur in varying amounts at all angles below the critical angle.

Glass prisms are used in binoculars, periscopes, telescopes, and other optical instruments.
This is because it can be curved to achieve total internal reflection. Multiple full internal
reflections in glass or plastic rods and fibers can cause rays to travel long and tortuous
paths.

References
 Works Cited

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