Design of Two-Way Slabs - Design Examples

1. The direct design method (DDM) is summarized for designing two-way slabs without beams, including checking limitations, determining minimum slab thickness for deflection, calculating factored loads, checking for shear, and calculating moments. 2. The procedure includes determining distribution factors for positive and negative moments in different directions for interior and exterior panels with or without edge beams. 3. Reinforcement is designed for critical sections and extended throughout the slab, and unbalanced moments are checked for adequate transfer by flexure and shear with additional reinforcement if needed.

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Design of Two-Way Slabs - Design Examples

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Ahmad Hussain

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DESIGN OF TWO-WAY

SLABS
EXAMPLES
17.8.8 Summary of the Direct Design Method (DDM)
Case 1. Slabs without beams (flat slabs and flat plates).
1. Check the limitation requirements explained in Section 17.8.1. If limitations are not met, DDM cannot be used.
2. Determine the minimum slab thickness (h) to control deflection using values in Table 17.1. Exterior panels without
edge beams give the highest minimum h=(ln/30 for fy =60 ksi). It is a common practice to use the same slab depth for
all exterior and interior panels.
3. Calculate the factored loads, qu =1.2 qDu +1.6 qLu.
4. Check the slab thickness, h, as required by one-way and two-way shear. If the slab thickness, h, is not adequate, either
increase h or provide shear reinforcement.
5. Calculate the total static moment, M0, in both directions (Eq. 17.11).
6. Determine the distribution factors for the positive and negative moments in the longitudinal and transverse directions
for each column and middle strip in both interior and exterior panels as follows:
a. For interior panels, use the moment factors given in Table 17.4 or Fig. 17.15.
b. For exterior panels without edge beams, the panel moment factors are given in Table 17.2 or Fig. 17.14 (Case 5). For
the distribution of moments in the transverse direction, use Table 17.6 or Fig. 17.15 for column-strip ratios. The middle
strip will resist the portion of the moment that is not assigned to the column strip.
c. For exterior panels with edge beams, the panel moment factors are given in Table 17.2 or Fig. 17.14 (Case 4). For the
distribution of moments in the transverse direction, use Table 17.5 for the column strip. The middle strip will resist the
balance of the panel moment.
7. Determine the steel reinforcement for all critical sections of the column and middle strips and extends the bars
throughout the slab according to Fig. 17.16.
8. Compute the unbalanced moment and check if transfer of unbalanced moment by flexure is adequate. If not,
determine the additional reinforcement required in the critical width. (Refer to Section 17.10.)
9. Check if transfer of the unbalanced moment by shear is adequate. If not, increase h or provide shear reinforcement.
(Refer to Section 17.10.)
Example 17.3
Using the direct design method, design the typical interior flat-plate panel shown in Figs. 17.6 and 17.19. The
floor system consists of four panels in each direction with a panel size of 24 × 20 ft. All panels are supported by
20 × 20–in. columns, 12 ft long. The slab carries a uniform service live load of 100 psf and a service dead load
that consists of 24 psf of floor finish in addition to the slab self-weight. Use normal-weight concrete with fc =
4ksi and fy =60 ksi.
Figure 17.19 Example 17.3:
Interior flat plate
Figure 17.19 Example 17.3: Interior flat plate
l2 d
c2+d